Phthalocyanines
•
0 likes•606 views
Phthalocyanines are the second most important class of colorants. They are commonly used as blue and green pigments in automotive paints, printing inks, and textiles. Phthalocyanines also have applications in technologies like inkjet printing, laser printers, and optical data storage. The document discusses the traditional and modern uses of phthalocyanine colorants as well as the raw materials and market segmentation for phthalocyanine pigments.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Assignment of phthalocyanine
Phthalocyanine forms complexes with numerous metals of the Periodic Table. A large number of complexes with various elements are known. Metal phthalocyanine and compounds with metalloids such as B, Si, Ge, and As or nonmetals such as a wide variety in their coordination chemistry.
Cryptates
cryptate is one of type of macrocyclic ligand. please note there are typing mistakes in the introduction discovering year is 1968.
Coulometric method of analysis
This document provides an overview of coulometry, which is an electroanalytical technique used for quantitative analysis. There are two forms of coulometry: controlled-potential coulometry and controlled-current coulometry. Both techniques involve completely oxidizing or reducing an analyte and measuring the total charge passed to determine the amount of analyte. Controlled-potential coulometry applies a constant potential while controlled-current coulometry applies a constant current. Factors like electrolysis time, electrode area, and stirring rate affect the analysis. Coulometry is used to quantify both inorganic and organic analytes.
Applications of Edta Titration - Kshetra K L
This document discusses complexometric titration and EDTA titration. It describes the key aspects of complexometric titration including the formation of metal-ligand complexes and chelates. It then focuses on EDTA titration, explaining that EDTA is a common chelating agent used in analytical chemistry due to its ability to form stable complexes with many metal ions. The document outlines the applications of EDTA titration for determining concentrations of metal ions in solution and its use in organic analysis, medicine, and water treatment.
fluorescence and phosphorescence
The document discusses fluorescence and phosphorescence. It begins by explaining the quantum nature of energy levels in molecules and electrons. It then defines fluorescence as the emission of light from excited singlet states, and describes the absorption and emission processes. Phosphorescence is defined as emission from triplet excited states, which have longer lifetimes than fluorescence. Examples are given of materials that exhibit fluorescence or phosphorescence, as well as applications in various fields such as analytical chemistry, life sciences, and displays.
Flourescence & Phosphorescence
This document discusses phosphorescence spectroscopy and provides information about molecular luminescence, including fluorescence and phosphorescence. It describes the basic principles, including how molecules are excited to higher energy states and then emit light as they relax to lower energy states. Singlet and triplet states are defined, along with electronic and vibrational energy levels. Electron transitions like internal conversion, intersystem crossing, and vibrational relaxation are explained. Instrumentation for measuring phosphorescence is also summarized, including components like light sources, monochromators, sample cells, and detectors. Some applications of phosphorescence are mentioned, such as in television screens, pigments, and glow-in-the-dark toys.
factors affecting fluorescence & phosphorescence
This document discusses factors that affect fluorescence and phosphorescence. It defines fluorescence and phosphorescence as types of molecular luminescence that are excited by photon absorption. The main difference is that fluorescence involves no change in electron spin, while phosphorescence does involve a change. Several factors can influence emission, including molecular structure and rigidity, temperature, solvent properties, pH, dissolved oxygen, concentration, and the presence of heavy atoms. More rigid and planar structures favor fluorescence and phosphorescence. Higher temperatures, viscosities, and oxygen levels decrease emission, while appropriate solvent polarity and pH can increase it.
Amperometry and Biamperometry
The Detailed Theory and instrumentation of Both Amperometry and Biamperometric analysis is given with Titration curves and Applications.
Medha Thakur (M.Sc Chemistry)
Recommended
Assignment of phthalocyanine
Phthalocyanine forms complexes with numerous metals of the Periodic Table. A large number of complexes with various elements are known. Metal phthalocyanine and compounds with metalloids such as B, Si, Ge, and As or nonmetals such as a wide variety in their coordination chemistry.
Cryptates
cryptate is one of type of macrocyclic ligand. please note there are typing mistakes in the introduction discovering year is 1968.
Coulometric method of analysis
This document provides an overview of coulometry, which is an electroanalytical technique used for quantitative analysis. There are two forms of coulometry: controlled-potential coulometry and controlled-current coulometry. Both techniques involve completely oxidizing or reducing an analyte and measuring the total charge passed to determine the amount of analyte. Controlled-potential coulometry applies a constant potential while controlled-current coulometry applies a constant current. Factors like electrolysis time, electrode area, and stirring rate affect the analysis. Coulometry is used to quantify both inorganic and organic analytes.
Applications of Edta Titration - Kshetra K L
This document discusses complexometric titration and EDTA titration. It describes the key aspects of complexometric titration including the formation of metal-ligand complexes and chelates. It then focuses on EDTA titration, explaining that EDTA is a common chelating agent used in analytical chemistry due to its ability to form stable complexes with many metal ions. The document outlines the applications of EDTA titration for determining concentrations of metal ions in solution and its use in organic analysis, medicine, and water treatment.
fluorescence and phosphorescence
The document discusses fluorescence and phosphorescence. It begins by explaining the quantum nature of energy levels in molecules and electrons. It then defines fluorescence as the emission of light from excited singlet states, and describes the absorption and emission processes. Phosphorescence is defined as emission from triplet excited states, which have longer lifetimes than fluorescence. Examples are given of materials that exhibit fluorescence or phosphorescence, as well as applications in various fields such as analytical chemistry, life sciences, and displays.
Flourescence & Phosphorescence
This document discusses phosphorescence spectroscopy and provides information about molecular luminescence, including fluorescence and phosphorescence. It describes the basic principles, including how molecules are excited to higher energy states and then emit light as they relax to lower energy states. Singlet and triplet states are defined, along with electronic and vibrational energy levels. Electron transitions like internal conversion, intersystem crossing, and vibrational relaxation are explained. Instrumentation for measuring phosphorescence is also summarized, including components like light sources, monochromators, sample cells, and detectors. Some applications of phosphorescence are mentioned, such as in television screens, pigments, and glow-in-the-dark toys.
factors affecting fluorescence & phosphorescence
This document discusses factors that affect fluorescence and phosphorescence. It defines fluorescence and phosphorescence as types of molecular luminescence that are excited by photon absorption. The main difference is that fluorescence involves no change in electron spin, while phosphorescence does involve a change. Several factors can influence emission, including molecular structure and rigidity, temperature, solvent properties, pH, dissolved oxygen, concentration, and the presence of heavy atoms. More rigid and planar structures favor fluorescence and phosphorescence. Higher temperatures, viscosities, and oxygen levels decrease emission, while appropriate solvent polarity and pH can increase it.
Amperometry and Biamperometry
The Detailed Theory and instrumentation of Both Amperometry and Biamperometric analysis is given with Titration curves and Applications.
Medha Thakur (M.Sc Chemistry)
Application of uv visible spectroscopy in pharmaceutical industry
UV-visible spectroscopy can be used for clinical and pre-clinical applications in cancer diagnosis and analysis. It allows non-invasive measurement of biomarkers like tumor oxygenation, angiogenesis, redox state, and morphology. Spectroscopy measures how light interacts with tissue via absorption and fluorescence of chromophores and fluorophores. This optical signature contains physiologically meaningful information about cancer progression and treatment response that can provide insights not available from traditional pathology. Quantitative optical techniques have the potential to improve cancer management with personalized, molecularly-informed assessments.
Radiometric titrations
This document discusses radiometric titration, which uses a radioactive titrant. It describes the key elements of titration including the standard solution, analyte, equivalence point, and end point. There are four main types of radiometric titration: precipitation-based, complexation-based, redox-based, and those performed in non-aqueous media. Radiometric titration has applications in investigating co-precipitation in nuclear chemistry and determining the specific activity of radioactive preparations.
coulorometry
Coulometry is an electroanalytical technique where the amount of electricity (in coulombs) required to complete an electrochemical reaction is measured. There are two main types - potentiostatic coulometry, where the potential is held constant, and coulometric titration with a constant current. The quantity of electricity is directly proportional to the amount of analyte and can be used to determine concentrations. Coulometry has applications in inorganic analysis, analysis of radioactive materials, microanalysis, and determination of organic compounds.
Factors affecting uv visible spectroscopy
This document discusses several factors that can affect UV-Vis absorption spectra, including sample temperature, concentration, pH, solvent, and molecular structure. Lowering the temperature results in sharper, more defined absorption bands. Increasing the concentration can lead to band broadening at high levels due to molecular interactions. Changing the pH can cause shifts in absorption maxima for compounds like phenols and anilines. The solvent can also impact absorption by stabilizing different electronic states to varying degrees. Molecular structure factors such as conjugation, steric hindrance, and isomerism further influence absorption spectra.
Cyclic Voltammetry Application
This document discusses applications of cyclic voltammetry (CV). CV is an electrochemical technique useful for studying electrode reactions. It involves applying a continuous, cyclic potential to a working electrode in a cell containing three electrodes. The document outlines the principle, working, and applications of CV, including quantitative analysis, studying chemical reactivity and redox processes, determining thermodynamic properties, kinetics, and more. Examples are given of using CV to characterize modified electrodes and study interactions like of anticancer drugs with DNA.
FTIR spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. It explains that FT-IR spectroscopy uses an interferometer to measure all infrared frequencies simultaneously, whereas dispersive infrared spectroscopy measures them sequentially. This allows FT-IR to produce spectra much faster. The document also outlines the key components of an FT-IR system, including the Michelson interferometer, beam splitter, fixed and moving mirrors, and how a Fourier transform is used to convert the interferogram signal into an infrared spectrum. Finally, some advantages of FT-IR are noted, such as improved sensitivity and ability to analyze a wide range of sample types.
Photo fries rearrangement & Barton reaction
Photo-Fries Rearrangement & Barton Reaction
Photo-Fries Rearrangement
Photo-Fries Rearrangement Reaction
Mechanism of Photo-Fries Rearrangement Reaction
Example of Photo-Fries Rearrangement Reaction
Barton Reaction
Mechanism of Barton Reaction
Examples of Barton Reaction
uv -visible spectroscopy
UV-visible spectroscopy is a technique that uses light in the visible and adjacent ranges. It works by measuring how much light is absorbed by a sample at each wavelength.
The document discusses the basic principles of spectroscopy, including how electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter. It describes the laws of absorption, specifically Beer's law, which states that absorbance is proportional to concentration.
The key aspects of instrumentation are outlined, including light sources, wavelength selectors like monochromators, sample holders, and detection devices. Single beam and double beam spectrophotometers are explained as the main types of instruments used in UV-visible spectroscopy.
Silicone polymers structure, prepartion, properties, uses
Silicone polymers structure, prepartion, properties, uses
INORGANIC POLYMERS
Polymers containing inorganic and organic components are sometimes called hybrid polymers, and most so-called inorganic polymers are hybridpolymers. One of the best known examples is polydimethylsiloxane, otherwise known commonly as silicone rubber.
Of synthetic polymers whose backbone is made of repeating silicone to oxygen bonds (siloxane bonds) with organic side groups, such as methyl, phenyl or vinyl.The basic repeating unit became known as siloxane and the most common available silicone is polydimethylsiloxane
Organo-silicone polymers contain chains or network of alternating silicone and oxygen atoms in their structures ,that is exhibited in some natural silicone minerals
Polymeric molecules in silicones held together by weak van der waals force results, they are liquids of varying viscosity or gums or solids containing polymeric molecules which generally soluble in organic mediaHydrolysis of dichloro dimethyl silane (CH3)2SiCl2 gives long chain polymers.As there is active OH group at each end .The length of the chain increasing.so it is called chain building unit
properties
1.The si-o-si bond in silanes is shorter than the expected si-o-si bond as calculated from the their radii.This indicates that there is some ionic character in si-o bond due to which it becomes quite stable.
2.This the the reason for why polysiloxanes are thermally stable and do not decompose even upto 350-400`C.
1. Highly polar character of si-o bond and the ability of si to expand its valency shell by utilizing its d-orbitals renders polysiloxanes susceptible to attack by several reagents.
2.The siloxanes may undergo hydrolysis and alcoholysis at elevated temperature in the presence of strong acids and bases
to give silanols and alkaxysilanes .In general, the greater the extent of substitution on Si atom, the greater is the case of hydrolysis in the presence of acids and greater is the difficulty of hydrolysis in the presence of bases.
thankingyou
ESWARAN .M -inboxeswaran@gmail.com
Topicity
Homomorphic ligands / groups/ atoms, Homotopic, heterotopic, enantiotopic, prochirality and diastereotopic ligands and faces with examples
Organometallic catalysts
Organometallic Catalysts
This document discusses organometallic catalysts, including:
1. Homogeneous catalysts such as Wilkinson's catalyst for olefin hydrogenation and Monsanto's acetic acid process which allow for high selectivity but require product-catalyst separation.
2. Heterogeneous catalysts such as Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
3. The catalytic cycle which involves intermediates only stable when bound to the metal, lowering the activation energy.
4. Common catalytic steps like association/dissociation, insertion/elimination, and oxidative addition/reductive elimination.
Phase transfer catalyst
Phase-transfer catalysts facilitate the transfer of reactants between immiscible liquid phases, allowing reactions to occur. They are commonly used quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts. The catalyst transports one reactant from the aqueous phase to the organic phase where it can undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction. This allows reactions to be carried out using cheaper and more environmentally friendly reagents like NaOH instead of organic solvents. Phase-transfer catalysis finds applications in industries like pharmaceuticals, perfumes, polymers, and pesticides by enabling mild reaction conditions.
Photo degradation & photo stabilization of polymers
Photo-Degradation & Photo-Stabilization of Polymers
Polymer Degradation
Different Types of Degradation
Photodegradation
Factors Causing Photodegradation
Effects of Photodegradation & Need for Photostabilization
Photo-stabilization
Organoborane or Organoboron compounds
Organoborane chemistry deals with organoboron compounds that contain carbon-boron bonds. Key reactions of organoboranes include hydroboration of alkenes, oxidation of organoboranes to alcohols, isomerization of organoboranes at high temperatures, protonolysis with carboxylic acids, and carbonylation with carbon monoxide. Carbonylation can produce aldehydes, ketones, or alcohols depending on reaction conditions and presence of migrating groups.
Photo redox reactions
The document discusses various photooxidation and photoreduction reactions in organic synthesis. It begins by introducing photochemistry and defining related terms. It then provides examples of photoreduction of ketones and aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples of photooxidation reactions include the conversion of trans-stilbene to phenanthrene and the synthesis of benzoic acids via aerobic photooxidation. The document also describes the mechanism and advantages of using a CdIn2S4 photocatalyst for selective photosynthesis of organic aromatic compounds under visible light.
Amperometric titration
This document summarizes amperometric titration, a technique where the current is measured during titration using a constant applied potential. It discusses the principles, apparatus, types (including titration of reducible vs. non-reducible ions and redox titrations), advantages, and applications of amperometric titration. The rotating platinum microelectrode apparatus allows a potential to be applied while measuring the current. Amperometric titration can be used to quantify reducible and non-reducible ions and is useful for dilute solutions.
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) - Anas Shaikh - 13FET1006
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) - Anas Shaikh - 13FET1006Anas Ejaz Yasmeen Shaikh
A Presentation made as a part of my laboratory course on "Food Analysis (Instrumental)" (Bachelor's study)PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS [PTC]
PTC IS THE PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS HERE TYPES OF PTC ARE DISCUSSED , THEORIES OF CATALYSIS AND MECHANISM OF PTC, ADVANTAGES OF PTC, APPLICATION OF PTC
Organic chemistry vol 2 i.l. finar 3693
This document is the preface to the third edition of a book on organic chemistry and natural products. It summarizes the major revisions made for this new edition, including rewriting and renaming Chapter III, omitting the section on transition state theory, and expanding topics such as nuclear magnetic resonance, correlation of configurations, and molecular overcrowding. New additions include rotatory dispersion, electron spin resonance, and absolute configuration specification. The preface aims to indicate to readers the changes made to bring the book up to date.
AMPEROMETRY
Amperometric titration involves measuring the electric current produced by a titration reaction while keeping the voltage constant between electrodes. It can determine the endpoint of titrations involving an electroreducible ion being titrated with a counter ion. The diffusion current is measured and plotted against the titrant volume added. At the endpoint, there is a sharp change in current. Amperometric titration offers advantages like rapid analysis, ability to work with dilute solutions, and determination of insoluble substances. It finds applications in areas like determining water content and quantification of ions.
Deloitte budget 2022 23 expectations
The document discusses expectations for the upcoming Indian budget. It provides context on the current strong economic growth outlook in India and top expectations. The key expectations are:
1) Focus on infrastructure development and asset monetization to fund infrastructure investments.
2) Stimulate MSMEs to create jobs and boost demand by addressing their challenges and improving access to credit.
3) Support disproportionately impacted sectors like travel and hospitality with revival plans and contingency measures for uncertainties.
Care budeget 2022 23 expectations
The document provides expectations from various industries for the upcoming 2022-23 Union Budget of India. It summarizes the results of a survey of 330 industry experts and analysts conducted by CareEdge to forecast what measures the Finance Minister could announce. Key expectations included higher spending on infrastructure, employment generation, healthcare, agriculture, and logistics infrastructure. Industries are expecting support through new welfare programs, tax concessions, higher allocations to existing schemes, and measures to boost sectors like manufacturing, exports, and disinvestment.
More Related Content
What's hot
Application of uv visible spectroscopy in pharmaceutical industry
UV-visible spectroscopy can be used for clinical and pre-clinical applications in cancer diagnosis and analysis. It allows non-invasive measurement of biomarkers like tumor oxygenation, angiogenesis, redox state, and morphology. Spectroscopy measures how light interacts with tissue via absorption and fluorescence of chromophores and fluorophores. This optical signature contains physiologically meaningful information about cancer progression and treatment response that can provide insights not available from traditional pathology. Quantitative optical techniques have the potential to improve cancer management with personalized, molecularly-informed assessments.
Radiometric titrations
This document discusses radiometric titration, which uses a radioactive titrant. It describes the key elements of titration including the standard solution, analyte, equivalence point, and end point. There are four main types of radiometric titration: precipitation-based, complexation-based, redox-based, and those performed in non-aqueous media. Radiometric titration has applications in investigating co-precipitation in nuclear chemistry and determining the specific activity of radioactive preparations.
coulorometry
Coulometry is an electroanalytical technique where the amount of electricity (in coulombs) required to complete an electrochemical reaction is measured. There are two main types - potentiostatic coulometry, where the potential is held constant, and coulometric titration with a constant current. The quantity of electricity is directly proportional to the amount of analyte and can be used to determine concentrations. Coulometry has applications in inorganic analysis, analysis of radioactive materials, microanalysis, and determination of organic compounds.
Factors affecting uv visible spectroscopy
This document discusses several factors that can affect UV-Vis absorption spectra, including sample temperature, concentration, pH, solvent, and molecular structure. Lowering the temperature results in sharper, more defined absorption bands. Increasing the concentration can lead to band broadening at high levels due to molecular interactions. Changing the pH can cause shifts in absorption maxima for compounds like phenols and anilines. The solvent can also impact absorption by stabilizing different electronic states to varying degrees. Molecular structure factors such as conjugation, steric hindrance, and isomerism further influence absorption spectra.
Cyclic Voltammetry Application
This document discusses applications of cyclic voltammetry (CV). CV is an electrochemical technique useful for studying electrode reactions. It involves applying a continuous, cyclic potential to a working electrode in a cell containing three electrodes. The document outlines the principle, working, and applications of CV, including quantitative analysis, studying chemical reactivity and redox processes, determining thermodynamic properties, kinetics, and more. Examples are given of using CV to characterize modified electrodes and study interactions like of anticancer drugs with DNA.
FTIR spectroscopy
This document provides an overview of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. It explains that FT-IR spectroscopy uses an interferometer to measure all infrared frequencies simultaneously, whereas dispersive infrared spectroscopy measures them sequentially. This allows FT-IR to produce spectra much faster. The document also outlines the key components of an FT-IR system, including the Michelson interferometer, beam splitter, fixed and moving mirrors, and how a Fourier transform is used to convert the interferogram signal into an infrared spectrum. Finally, some advantages of FT-IR are noted, such as improved sensitivity and ability to analyze a wide range of sample types.
Photo fries rearrangement & Barton reaction
Photo-Fries Rearrangement & Barton Reaction
Photo-Fries Rearrangement
Photo-Fries Rearrangement Reaction
Mechanism of Photo-Fries Rearrangement Reaction
Example of Photo-Fries Rearrangement Reaction
Barton Reaction
Mechanism of Barton Reaction
Examples of Barton Reaction
uv -visible spectroscopy
UV-visible spectroscopy is a technique that uses light in the visible and adjacent ranges. It works by measuring how much light is absorbed by a sample at each wavelength.
The document discusses the basic principles of spectroscopy, including how electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter. It describes the laws of absorption, specifically Beer's law, which states that absorbance is proportional to concentration.
The key aspects of instrumentation are outlined, including light sources, wavelength selectors like monochromators, sample holders, and detection devices. Single beam and double beam spectrophotometers are explained as the main types of instruments used in UV-visible spectroscopy.
Silicone polymers structure, prepartion, properties, uses
Silicone polymers structure, prepartion, properties, uses
INORGANIC POLYMERS
Polymers containing inorganic and organic components are sometimes called hybrid polymers, and most so-called inorganic polymers are hybridpolymers. One of the best known examples is polydimethylsiloxane, otherwise known commonly as silicone rubber.
Of synthetic polymers whose backbone is made of repeating silicone to oxygen bonds (siloxane bonds) with organic side groups, such as methyl, phenyl or vinyl.The basic repeating unit became known as siloxane and the most common available silicone is polydimethylsiloxane
Organo-silicone polymers contain chains or network of alternating silicone and oxygen atoms in their structures ,that is exhibited in some natural silicone minerals
Polymeric molecules in silicones held together by weak van der waals force results, they are liquids of varying viscosity or gums or solids containing polymeric molecules which generally soluble in organic mediaHydrolysis of dichloro dimethyl silane (CH3)2SiCl2 gives long chain polymers.As there is active OH group at each end .The length of the chain increasing.so it is called chain building unit
properties
1.The si-o-si bond in silanes is shorter than the expected si-o-si bond as calculated from the their radii.This indicates that there is some ionic character in si-o bond due to which it becomes quite stable.
2.This the the reason for why polysiloxanes are thermally stable and do not decompose even upto 350-400`C.
1. Highly polar character of si-o bond and the ability of si to expand its valency shell by utilizing its d-orbitals renders polysiloxanes susceptible to attack by several reagents.
2.The siloxanes may undergo hydrolysis and alcoholysis at elevated temperature in the presence of strong acids and bases
to give silanols and alkaxysilanes .In general, the greater the extent of substitution on Si atom, the greater is the case of hydrolysis in the presence of acids and greater is the difficulty of hydrolysis in the presence of bases.
thankingyou
ESWARAN .M -inboxeswaran@gmail.com
Topicity
Homomorphic ligands / groups/ atoms, Homotopic, heterotopic, enantiotopic, prochirality and diastereotopic ligands and faces with examples
Organometallic catalysts
Organometallic Catalysts
This document discusses organometallic catalysts, including:
1. Homogeneous catalysts such as Wilkinson's catalyst for olefin hydrogenation and Monsanto's acetic acid process which allow for high selectivity but require product-catalyst separation.
2. Heterogeneous catalysts such as Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
3. The catalytic cycle which involves intermediates only stable when bound to the metal, lowering the activation energy.
4. Common catalytic steps like association/dissociation, insertion/elimination, and oxidative addition/reductive elimination.
Phase transfer catalyst
Phase-transfer catalysts facilitate the transfer of reactants between immiscible liquid phases, allowing reactions to occur. They are commonly used quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts. The catalyst transports one reactant from the aqueous phase to the organic phase where it can undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction. This allows reactions to be carried out using cheaper and more environmentally friendly reagents like NaOH instead of organic solvents. Phase-transfer catalysis finds applications in industries like pharmaceuticals, perfumes, polymers, and pesticides by enabling mild reaction conditions.
Photo degradation & photo stabilization of polymers
Photo-Degradation & Photo-Stabilization of Polymers
Polymer Degradation
Different Types of Degradation
Photodegradation
Factors Causing Photodegradation
Effects of Photodegradation & Need for Photostabilization
Photo-stabilization
Organoborane or Organoboron compounds
Organoborane chemistry deals with organoboron compounds that contain carbon-boron bonds. Key reactions of organoboranes include hydroboration of alkenes, oxidation of organoboranes to alcohols, isomerization of organoboranes at high temperatures, protonolysis with carboxylic acids, and carbonylation with carbon monoxide. Carbonylation can produce aldehydes, ketones, or alcohols depending on reaction conditions and presence of migrating groups.
Photo redox reactions
The document discusses various photooxidation and photoreduction reactions in organic synthesis. It begins by introducing photochemistry and defining related terms. It then provides examples of photoreduction of ketones and aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples of photooxidation reactions include the conversion of trans-stilbene to phenanthrene and the synthesis of benzoic acids via aerobic photooxidation. The document also describes the mechanism and advantages of using a CdIn2S4 photocatalyst for selective photosynthesis of organic aromatic compounds under visible light.
Amperometric titration
This document summarizes amperometric titration, a technique where the current is measured during titration using a constant applied potential. It discusses the principles, apparatus, types (including titration of reducible vs. non-reducible ions and redox titrations), advantages, and applications of amperometric titration. The rotating platinum microelectrode apparatus allows a potential to be applied while measuring the current. Amperometric titration can be used to quantify reducible and non-reducible ions and is useful for dilute solutions.
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) - Anas Shaikh - 13FET1006
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) - Anas Shaikh - 13FET1006Anas Ejaz Yasmeen Shaikh
A Presentation made as a part of my laboratory course on "Food Analysis (Instrumental)" (Bachelor's study)PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS [PTC]
PTC IS THE PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS HERE TYPES OF PTC ARE DISCUSSED , THEORIES OF CATALYSIS AND MECHANISM OF PTC, ADVANTAGES OF PTC, APPLICATION OF PTC
Organic chemistry vol 2 i.l. finar 3693
This document is the preface to the third edition of a book on organic chemistry and natural products. It summarizes the major revisions made for this new edition, including rewriting and renaming Chapter III, omitting the section on transition state theory, and expanding topics such as nuclear magnetic resonance, correlation of configurations, and molecular overcrowding. New additions include rotatory dispersion, electron spin resonance, and absolute configuration specification. The preface aims to indicate to readers the changes made to bring the book up to date.
AMPEROMETRY
Amperometric titration involves measuring the electric current produced by a titration reaction while keeping the voltage constant between electrodes. It can determine the endpoint of titrations involving an electroreducible ion being titrated with a counter ion. The diffusion current is measured and plotted against the titrant volume added. At the endpoint, there is a sharp change in current. Amperometric titration offers advantages like rapid analysis, ability to work with dilute solutions, and determination of insoluble substances. It finds applications in areas like determining water content and quantification of ions.
What's hot (20)
Application of uv visible spectroscopy in pharmaceutical industry
Application of uv visible spectroscopy in pharmaceutical industry
Silicone polymers structure, prepartion, properties, uses
Silicone polymers structure, prepartion, properties, uses
Photo degradation & photo stabilization of polymers
Photo degradation & photo stabilization of polymers
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) - Anas Shaikh - 13FET1006
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) - Anas Shaikh - 13FET1006
More from primary information services
Deloitte budget 2022 23 expectations
The document discusses expectations for the upcoming Indian budget. It provides context on the current strong economic growth outlook in India and top expectations. The key expectations are:
1) Focus on infrastructure development and asset monetization to fund infrastructure investments.
2) Stimulate MSMEs to create jobs and boost demand by addressing their challenges and improving access to credit.
3) Support disproportionately impacted sectors like travel and hospitality with revival plans and contingency measures for uncertainties.
Care budeget 2022 23 expectations
The document provides expectations from various industries for the upcoming 2022-23 Union Budget of India. It summarizes the results of a survey of 330 industry experts and analysts conducted by CareEdge to forecast what measures the Finance Minister could announce. Key expectations included higher spending on infrastructure, employment generation, healthcare, agriculture, and logistics infrastructure. Industries are expecting support through new welfare programs, tax concessions, higher allocations to existing schemes, and measures to boost sectors like manufacturing, exports, and disinvestment.
Senolytic Drugs
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Gift Tax
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Plant based Milk
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Tellurium
Tellurium is a rare metalloid element found in small quantities in rocks around the world. It commonly occurs combined with other metals like gold, silver, and platinum in telluride minerals. Tellurium has properties of both metals and nonmetals. Most of the world's tellurium production comes from extracting it as a byproduct from processing copper and other metal ores. China is currently the leading producer and exporter of tellurium. Tellurium reserves exist in several countries including the United States, China, Sweden, Japan, and Russia.
Cesium
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Persimmons
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Smart Glass
Smart glasses use augmented reality technology to provide life monitoring services and allow users to take authentic video and photos. The glasses can control light like infrared and ultraviolet using electricity, allowing the glass to switch from opaque to transparent. Opticians and eyeglass businesses need to be prepared to understand, assist with, and sell smart glasses within the next 5-7 years as the technology develops further.
Curiosity
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Kinnow
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Isopropyl Alcohol
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Desccicated coconut : Project Feasibility
This document discusses coconut processing machinery and the European market for desiccated coconut. It describes common machinery used in desiccated coconut processing like nut counters, deshelling machines, pre cutters, screw conveyors, cutters, grinders, dryers, blanchers, and grading machines. It notes that Europe accounts for 30% of global desiccated coconut imports, led by the Netherlands, Germany, UK, Poland, and France. The Netherlands is the largest European importer, consumer, and reexporter of desiccated coconut, importing over 32,000 tonnes worth almost €50 million annually.
Melamine
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Urea
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Polysilicon
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Fumaric acid
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Ethanol prices
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Fatty acid & Glycerin : Projects Information
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
Sodium Alginate
Presentation by
Primary Information Services
www.primaryinfo.com
mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
Download PDF Version at
https://www.slideshare.net/thorapadi/presentations
See You tube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/ch600091/videos?view_as=subscriber
More from primary information services (20)
Recently uploaded
IMG_20240615_091110.pdf dpboss guessing
Satta matka fixx jodi panna all market dpboss matka guessing fixx panna jodi kalyan and all market game liss cover now 420 matka office mumbai maharashtra india fixx jodi panna
Call me 9040963354
WhatsApp 9040963354
Kalyan chart 6366249026 India satta Matta Matka 143 jodi fix
Kalyan chart 6366249026 India satta Matta Matka 143 jodi fixsatta Matta matka 143 Kalyan chart jodi 6366249026
63662490260Kalyan chart, satta matta matka 143, satta matka jodi fix , matka boss OTC 420, Indian Satta, India matka, matka ank, spbossmatka, online satta matka game play, live satta matka results, fix fix fix satta namber, free satta matka games, Kalyan matka jodi chart, Kalyan weekly final anl matka 420Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
9356872877Sattamatka.satta.matka.satta matka.kalyan weekly chart.kalyan chart.kalyan jodi chart.kalyan penal chart.kalyan today.kalyan open.fix satta.fix fix fix Satta matka nambar.Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women Magazine
In this article, we will dive into the extraordinary life of Ellen Burstyn, where the curtains rise on a story that's far more attractive than any script.
The latest Heat Pump Manual from Newentide
𝐔𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐢𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐍𝐄𝐖𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐃𝐄’𝐬 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬
Explore the details in our newly released product manual, which showcases NEWNTIDE's advanced heat pump technologies. Delve into our energy-efficient and eco-friendly solutions tailored for diverse global markets.
The Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdf
In a world where the potential of youth innovation remains vastly untouched, there emerges a guiding light in the form of Norm Goldstein, the Founder and CEO of EduNetwork Partners. His dedication to this cause has earned him recognition as a Congressional Leadership Award recipient.
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
Pro Tips for Effortless Contract Management
Tired of chasing down expiring contracts and drowning in paperwork? Mastering contract management can significantly enhance your business efficiency and productivity. This guide unveils expert secrets to streamline your contract management process. Learn how to save time, minimize risk, and achieve effortless contract management.
Prescriptive analytics BA4206 Anna University PPT
Business analysis - Prescriptive analytics Introduction to Prescriptive analytics
Prescriptive Modeling
Non Linear Optimization
Demonstrating Business Performance Improvement
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN CHART
Lukas Rycek - GreenChemForCE - project structure.pptx
Projekt GreenChemForCE
Podporujeme zelený chemický průmysl ve střední Evropě
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Sustainable Logistics for Cost Reduction_ IPLTech Electric's Eco-Friendly Tra...
Sustainable Logistics for Cost Reduction_ IPLTech Electric's Eco-Friendly Transport Solution
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Kirill Klip GEM Royalty TNR Gold Lithium Presentation
Lithium Will Power Us For The Next 50 Years And Then Robots: Kirill Klip GEM Royalty TNR Gold Lithium Presentation
Kalyan Chart Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results
KALYAN CHART SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666
Stone Art Hub offers the best competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai, ensuring affordability without compromising quality. With a wide range of exquisite marble options to choose from, you can enhance your spaces with elegance and sophistication. For inquiries or orders, contact us at ☎ 9928909666. Experience luxury at unbeatable prices.
Recently uploaded (20)
Kalyan chart 6366249026 India satta Matta Matka 143 jodi fix
Kalyan chart 6366249026 India satta Matta Matka 143 jodi fix
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
Registered-Establishment-List-in-Uttarakhand-pdf.pdf
Registered-Establishment-List-in-Uttarakhand-pdf.pdf
Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women Magazine
Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women Magazine
The Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdf
The Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdf
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
Lukas Rycek - GreenChemForCE - project structure.pptx
Lukas Rycek - GreenChemForCE - project structure.pptx
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
Sustainable Logistics for Cost Reduction_ IPLTech Electric's Eco-Friendly Tra...
Sustainable Logistics for Cost Reduction_ IPLTech Electric's Eco-Friendly Tra...
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan Chart
Kirill Klip GEM Royalty TNR Gold Lithium Presentation
Kirill Klip GEM Royalty TNR Gold Lithium Presentation
Kalyan Chart Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results
Kalyan Chart Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666
Phthalocyanines
- 1. Phthalocyanines Project Feasibility Presentation by Primary Information Services www.primaryinfo.com mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
- 2. Applications Phthalocyanines are the second most important class of colorant, and copper phthalocyanine is the single largest-volume colorant sold. • Traditional uses of phthalocyanine colorants are as blue and green pigments for automotive paints and printing inks and as blue/cyan dyes for textiles and paper. • Phthalocyanines have also found extensive use in many of the modern high technologies, e.g. as cyan dyes for ink jet printing, in electrophotography as charge generation materials for laser printers and as colorants for cyan toners. In the visible region, phthalocyanines are limited to blue, cyan and green colours. • However, their absorption may be extended into the near infrared and by suitable chemical engineering it is possible to fingerprint the 700-1000 nm region. • The properties and effects of these infrared-absorbing phthalocyanines are diverse and cover many important hi-tech applications, including photodynamic therapy, optical data storage, reverse saturable absorbers and solar screens.
- 9. Market Scenario • Phthalocyanine Pigments Market: Segmentation The market for Phthalocyanine pigments can be segmented on the basis their application, end-use, and region. • Based on applications, the Phthalocyanine pigments market can segments into – plastic, paints and coatings, ink, rubber, textile, leather, soap and detergent, and other industrial.