Science Prof Online provides free educational resources including PowerPoints, articles, and virtual classrooms. The site offers materials for science students and educators to use for learning. PowerPoints cover topics like cell biology and photosynthesis. They include learning objectives, review questions, and links to additional resources. The goal is to help people learn science through these digital teaching tools.
This PowerPoint document from Science Prof Online provides an overview of microbial metabolism and cellular respiration. It contains detailed slides explaining the key pathways and processes, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Images and diagrams accompany the text to illustrate metabolic reactions. Practice questions are included throughout to help learners check their understanding. Links to additional online resources on these topics are also provided.
Photosynthesis is a two-stage process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and sugars like glucose. In the light reactions, chlorophyll in plant leaves absorbs sunlight to provide energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy carriers like ATP. In the dark reactions, the energy carriers are used to produce sugars from carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis is essential for plants to survive and produces oxygen for other living things to survive.
The document discusses the process of photosynthesis in plant cells, explaining the main organelles involved - chloroplasts, chlorophyll, cytoplasm, nucleus - and their functions. It notes that photosynthesis is essential as it produces oxygen for animals and humans to breathe while capturing sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce sugars that plants use for food. The process ultimately supports the food chain by generating oxygen and carbohydrates that other organisms rely on for survival.
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Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: the light-dependent reactions where chloroplasts use sunlight to split water molecules and produce oxygen, ATP, and NADPH; and the light-independent reactions where carbon dioxide is fixed using ATP and NADPH to produce sugars. It is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. Photosynthesis is essential for life on Earth as it produces the oxygen we breathe and feeds the entire ecosystem.
This document discusses energy and key energy transformations in living things. It covers:
1) Energy transformations like cellular respiration and photosynthesis that convert energy from one form to another. Photosynthesis converts solar energy to glucose and cellular respiration converts glucose to ATP.
2) The two main types of energy - potential and kinetic. Potential energy is stored while kinetic energy is in use. Examples like chemical bonds in sugars store potential energy.
3) Metabolism and the metabolic pathways of catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism breaks down molecules and releases energy while anabolism uses energy to build molecules.
4) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as a key source of energy for
The document provides information about photosynthesis through a series of questions and answers. It begins by asking the reader to consider a question before revealing the correct answer. It then discusses key topics like the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis, including that the light reactions harness light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, while the dark reactions use these products to fix carbon dioxide and produce glucose.
This PowerPoint document from Science Prof Online provides an overview of microbial metabolism and cellular respiration. It contains detailed slides explaining the key pathways and processes, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Images and diagrams accompany the text to illustrate metabolic reactions. Practice questions are included throughout to help learners check their understanding. Links to additional online resources on these topics are also provided.
Photosynthesis is a two-stage process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and sugars like glucose. In the light reactions, chlorophyll in plant leaves absorbs sunlight to provide energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy carriers like ATP. In the dark reactions, the energy carriers are used to produce sugars from carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis is essential for plants to survive and produces oxygen for other living things to survive.
The document discusses the process of photosynthesis in plant cells, explaining the main organelles involved - chloroplasts, chlorophyll, cytoplasm, nucleus - and their functions. It notes that photosynthesis is essential as it produces oxygen for animals and humans to breathe while capturing sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce sugars that plants use for food. The process ultimately supports the food chain by generating oxygen and carbohydrates that other organisms rely on for survival.
The Importance Of Photosynthesis In Plants
Photosynthesis Lab Hypothesis
Photosynthesis Process
Essay about photosynthesis lab report
Photosynthesis
Process of Photosynthesis Essay
Photosynthesis Research Paper
Photosynthesis Research Paper
Photosynthesis and Respiration
Essay on Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Essay
Photosynthesis Lab Essay
Essay on Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis : The Chemical Energy
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Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: the light-dependent reactions where chloroplasts use sunlight to split water molecules and produce oxygen, ATP, and NADPH; and the light-independent reactions where carbon dioxide is fixed using ATP and NADPH to produce sugars. It is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. Photosynthesis is essential for life on Earth as it produces the oxygen we breathe and feeds the entire ecosystem.
This document discusses energy and key energy transformations in living things. It covers:
1) Energy transformations like cellular respiration and photosynthesis that convert energy from one form to another. Photosynthesis converts solar energy to glucose and cellular respiration converts glucose to ATP.
2) The two main types of energy - potential and kinetic. Potential energy is stored while kinetic energy is in use. Examples like chemical bonds in sugars store potential energy.
3) Metabolism and the metabolic pathways of catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism breaks down molecules and releases energy while anabolism uses energy to build molecules.
4) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as a key source of energy for
The document provides information about photosynthesis through a series of questions and answers. It begins by asking the reader to consider a question before revealing the correct answer. It then discusses key topics like the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis, including that the light reactions harness light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, while the dark reactions use these products to fix carbon dioxide and produce glucose.
The document discusses chloroplasts and their role in photosynthesis. It describes how chloroplasts contain their own DNA and how their genomes are more similar to bacteria. Chloroplasts in plants that receive less sunlight may have a higher concentration to produce more energy. A study found that shade leaves had a higher chloroplast concentration than sunny leaves. The purpose of the research was to understand if plants with less sunlight available tend to have more chloroplasts in their leaves.
The document discusses photosynthesis and cellular respiration. It provides information on:
- The chemical equation for photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
- Cellular respiration, which breaks down glucose in mitochondria to release energy in cells.
- Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated processes - photosynthesis produces glucose that is used for energy in cellular respiration, and cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide and water used in photosynthesis.
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The document discusses photosynthesis and provides learning objectives about explaining the process of photosynthesis, identifying the reactants and products, explaining which reactions are light dependent and independent, and why many plants appear green. It then provides more details about photosynthesis, including that it converts light energy to chemical energy, the sun is the original energy source for most life on Earth, the reactants are carbon dioxide and water and the products are glucose and oxygen, and plants appear green because chlorophyll absorbs all colors except green.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light reactions in which solar energy is captured and used to produce ATP and NADPH, and the Calvin cycle in which carbon is incorporated into organic molecules to form glucose. The light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and utilize the photochemical reactions of the pigments chlorophyll a and accessory pigments to drive the electron transport chain and establish a proton gradient, which is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP through chemiosmosis.
Photosynthesis converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light dependent reactions in the thylakoid membrane that use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, and the light independent reactions in the stroma that use ATP, NADPH, and CO2 to produce glucose. Most of the oxygen produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis comes from phytoplankton in the ocean, not land plants.
Photosynthesis converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light dependent reactions in the thylakoid membrane that use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, and the light independent reactions in the stroma that use ATP, NADPH, and CO2 to produce glucose. Most of the oxygen produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis comes from phytoplankton in the ocean, not land plants.
The document discusses photosynthesis, explaining that it is the process by which plants and other organisms use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and energy-rich sugars and starches. It notes that chloroplasts capture sunlight energy for photosynthesis and mitochondria liberate energy from cellular work. The various stages and locations of photosynthesis are described, including the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
The student tested how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. Spinach and an Arizona plant were placed under different light sources, and the time taken for the plants to float was measured, indicating oxygen production through photosynthesis. It was hypothesized that spinach under a photosynthesis light would float faster. The results showed that increased light intensity increased the rate of photosynthesis, as seen by more bubbles produced by pondweed per minute under brighter lamp light.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some other organisms use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of sugars and starches. It occurs in two stages - the light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy in the form of ATP, while the light-independent reactions use that energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts within plant leaves, and it is essential for producing oxygen for animals and humans to breathe, and for providing food and energy for plants, animals and humans.
This document provides an overview of the Science Prof Online (SPO) website, which offers free educational resources including virtual science classrooms, PowerPoints, articles, and images. The SPO virtual classrooms contain materials like practice questions, lectures, videos, and course information. New content is regularly added. Many PowerPoint files are available in different formats for ease of use and printing. Images are credited where possible. The site aims to be helpful for students, educators, and anyone interested in science.
This document discusses the process of photosynthesis. It occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria to convert solar energy into chemical energy stored as glucose or other organic compounds. Photosynthesis provides the foundation for most food webs as it produces oxygen and energy in the form of glucose, which can then be converted to ATP through cellular respiration to power biological processes in other organisms. The rate of photosynthesis is influenced by several factors like the amount of chlorophyll and light intensity.
Presentation-Climate based on Deped Melc.pptxJeminaBuagas1
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Latitude affects climate due to its impact on the angle at which sunlight strikes different areas of the Earth. The farther north or south a location is from the equator, the lower the angle at which sunlight hits that area, affecting factors like temperature and precipitation. Latitude is measured in degrees north or south of the equator by imaginary lines called parallels that circle the globe east-west.
basiic Organic Chemistry for grade nine.pptxJeminaBuagas1
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Organic compounds contain carbon and have similar properties including melting and boiling points, odor, and solubility. Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen and include fuels like gasoline. Organic compounds can be classified based on their structure, including saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Functional groups replace hydrogen in hydrocarbons and determine properties, such as alcohols containing hydroxyl groups, and esters containing carboxyl groups that give fruits their smells. Naming conventions involve prefixes to indicate carbon number and suffixes to indicate functional groups.
This document discusses several types of non-Mendelian inheritance patterns:
1. Incomplete dominance results in a third phenotype between the two parental traits. A red/white flower cross yields pink flowers.
2. Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype, such as black and white fur in a spotted cow.
3. Multiple alleles exist for a single trait, like multiple coat color genes in animals.
4. Polygenic traits are influenced by multiple genes, such as human skin color.
5. Sex-linked traits are carried on the X or Y chromosome, so males always express recessive X-linked traits while females can be carriers. Color blindness is given as an
This document discusses several types of non-Mendelian inheritance patterns:
1. Incomplete dominance results in a third phenotype between the two parental traits. A red/white flower cross yields pink flowers.
2. Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype, such as black and white fur in a spotted cow.
3. Multiple alleles exist for a single trait, like multiple coat color genes in animals.
4. Polygenic traits are influenced by multiple genes, such as human skin color.
5. Sex-linked traits are carried on the X or Y chromosome, so males always express recessive X-linked traits while females can be carriers. Color blindness is given as an
This document provides an introduction to chemical bonding and electron configurations. It discusses the four main types of bonds: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. Electron dot diagrams are introduced as a way to represent outer shell electrons and model bonding between atoms to form molecules. Key characteristics of ionic compounds, covalent compounds, and metals are outlined. Examples of each type of bond and compound naming conventions are also provided.
Science Prof Online provides free educational resources including PowerPoints, articles, and virtual classrooms. The site offers materials for science students and educators to use for learning. PowerPoints cover topics like cell biology and photosynthesis. They include learning objectives, review questions, and links to additional resources. The goal is to help people learn science through these digital teaching tools.
The document provides an overview of momentum and impulse by discussing Newton's laws of motion. It defines momentum as a quantity in motion that is a vector quantity, and explains that the total momentum of an isolated system is conserved based on the law of conservation of momentum. Examples of momentum and impulse are provided, such as Newton's Cradle demonstrating the law of action and reaction, and a car crash scenario illustrating that the force over time depends on the mass of an object and change in its velocity.
This document provides an overview of Newton's three laws of motion:
1) An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Friction is given as an example of a force that can slow objects in motion.
2) The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the direction of the net force.
3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Examples of this law include a bird's wings pushing air down to lift itself up and a rocket expelling gases out the bottom to propel itself in the opposite direction.
This document provides an overview of teaching motion (kinematics) along a line. It defines key concepts like speed, velocity, and acceleration. It discusses common student misconceptions and challenges with graphs and equations. Examples of motion are given that could motivate students, like falling objects. The document emphasizes developing conceptual understanding qualitatively before quantitative relationships. It provides historical examples from Galileo to illustrate physics thinking and introduces equations and graphical analysis of motion.
Quartiles are numbers that divide a dataset into four equal parts. The first quartile (Q1) separates the lowest 25% of data. The second quartile (Q2) is the median. The third quartile (Q3) separates the highest 25% of data. To find quartiles in an ungrouped dataset, order the numbers and take the median of each half of data. For grouped data, use a formula involving lower boundary, frequency, and cumulative frequency of each class.
TLE 6-week 1-Quarter 1-day1- (ICT)-LJoya.pptxJeminaBuagas1
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The document discusses the ideal entrepreneur. It begins by asking students if they have family members who own businesses. It then defines an entrepreneur as someone who meets the needs of others through products and services, and can also innovate to improve existing offerings. Successful entrepreneurs combine skills and knowledge with qualities like honesty, persistence, and organization. The document outlines several key qualities of an ideal entrepreneur and describes different types of entrepreneurs, including social entrepreneurs who solve social problems, serial entrepreneurs who start multiple businesses, lifestyle entrepreneurs who focus on enjoyment rather than profits alone, and solopreneurs who run sole proprietorships.
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The document discusses chloroplasts and their role in photosynthesis. It describes how chloroplasts contain their own DNA and how their genomes are more similar to bacteria. Chloroplasts in plants that receive less sunlight may have a higher concentration to produce more energy. A study found that shade leaves had a higher chloroplast concentration than sunny leaves. The purpose of the research was to understand if plants with less sunlight available tend to have more chloroplasts in their leaves.
The document discusses photosynthesis and cellular respiration. It provides information on:
- The chemical equation for photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
- Cellular respiration, which breaks down glucose in mitochondria to release energy in cells.
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The document discusses photosynthesis and provides learning objectives about explaining the process of photosynthesis, identifying the reactants and products, explaining which reactions are light dependent and independent, and why many plants appear green. It then provides more details about photosynthesis, including that it converts light energy to chemical energy, the sun is the original energy source for most life on Earth, the reactants are carbon dioxide and water and the products are glucose and oxygen, and plants appear green because chlorophyll absorbs all colors except green.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light reactions in which solar energy is captured and used to produce ATP and NADPH, and the Calvin cycle in which carbon is incorporated into organic molecules to form glucose. The light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and utilize the photochemical reactions of the pigments chlorophyll a and accessory pigments to drive the electron transport chain and establish a proton gradient, which is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP through chemiosmosis.
Photosynthesis converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light dependent reactions in the thylakoid membrane that use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, and the light independent reactions in the stroma that use ATP, NADPH, and CO2 to produce glucose. Most of the oxygen produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis comes from phytoplankton in the ocean, not land plants.
Photosynthesis converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light dependent reactions in the thylakoid membrane that use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, and the light independent reactions in the stroma that use ATP, NADPH, and CO2 to produce glucose. Most of the oxygen produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis comes from phytoplankton in the ocean, not land plants.
The document discusses photosynthesis, explaining that it is the process by which plants and other organisms use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and energy-rich sugars and starches. It notes that chloroplasts capture sunlight energy for photosynthesis and mitochondria liberate energy from cellular work. The various stages and locations of photosynthesis are described, including the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
The student tested how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. Spinach and an Arizona plant were placed under different light sources, and the time taken for the plants to float was measured, indicating oxygen production through photosynthesis. It was hypothesized that spinach under a photosynthesis light would float faster. The results showed that increased light intensity increased the rate of photosynthesis, as seen by more bubbles produced by pondweed per minute under brighter lamp light.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some other organisms use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of sugars and starches. It occurs in two stages - the light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy in the form of ATP, while the light-independent reactions use that energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts within plant leaves, and it is essential for producing oxygen for animals and humans to breathe, and for providing food and energy for plants, animals and humans.
This document provides an overview of the Science Prof Online (SPO) website, which offers free educational resources including virtual science classrooms, PowerPoints, articles, and images. The SPO virtual classrooms contain materials like practice questions, lectures, videos, and course information. New content is regularly added. Many PowerPoint files are available in different formats for ease of use and printing. Images are credited where possible. The site aims to be helpful for students, educators, and anyone interested in science.
This document discusses the process of photosynthesis. It occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria to convert solar energy into chemical energy stored as glucose or other organic compounds. Photosynthesis provides the foundation for most food webs as it produces oxygen and energy in the form of glucose, which can then be converted to ATP through cellular respiration to power biological processes in other organisms. The rate of photosynthesis is influenced by several factors like the amount of chlorophyll and light intensity.
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This document discusses several types of non-Mendelian inheritance patterns:
1. Incomplete dominance results in a third phenotype between the two parental traits. A red/white flower cross yields pink flowers.
2. Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype, such as black and white fur in a spotted cow.
3. Multiple alleles exist for a single trait, like multiple coat color genes in animals.
4. Polygenic traits are influenced by multiple genes, such as human skin color.
5. Sex-linked traits are carried on the X or Y chromosome, so males always express recessive X-linked traits while females can be carriers. Color blindness is given as an
This document discusses several types of non-Mendelian inheritance patterns:
1. Incomplete dominance results in a third phenotype between the two parental traits. A red/white flower cross yields pink flowers.
2. Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype, such as black and white fur in a spotted cow.
3. Multiple alleles exist for a single trait, like multiple coat color genes in animals.
4. Polygenic traits are influenced by multiple genes, such as human skin color.
5. Sex-linked traits are carried on the X or Y chromosome, so males always express recessive X-linked traits while females can be carriers. Color blindness is given as an
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Science Prof Online provides free educational resources including PowerPoints, articles, and virtual classrooms. The site offers materials for science students and educators to use for learning. PowerPoints cover topics like cell biology and photosynthesis. They include learning objectives, review questions, and links to additional resources. The goal is to help people learn science through these digital teaching tools.
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This document provides an overview of Newton's three laws of motion:
1) An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Friction is given as an example of a force that can slow objects in motion.
2) The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the direction of the net force.
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This document provides an overview of teaching motion (kinematics) along a line. It defines key concepts like speed, velocity, and acceleration. It discusses common student misconceptions and challenges with graphs and equations. Examples of motion are given that could motivate students, like falling objects. The document emphasizes developing conceptual understanding qualitatively before quantitative relationships. It provides historical examples from Galileo to illustrate physics thinking and introduces equations and graphical analysis of motion.
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2. LYRICS
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis does not involve a camera
Or a synthesizer
Although that's interesting too
Photosynthesis is how plants take in light
From the sun and turn it into energy
It's actually a thing on which most life depends
Here on the planet Earth
Photosynthesis X3
With plants
Chlorophyll cells take in carbon dioxide
Now that's the air that we breathe out
Combines it with water and exposes it to sunlight
And that's how plants can make their own food
Photosynthesis is why plants need light
And photosynthesis is why humans need plants
Because through photosynthesis plants make oxygen
And humans need oxygen to breathe
Photosynthesis x3
From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
โPhotosynthesisโ
a song by
They Might Be Giants
Image: Photosynthesis, Wikipedia
Watch the
โPhotosynthesisโ
music video!
3. From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
Images: Photosynthesis, Wikipedia; Thylakoid Membrane, Wiki
Photosynthesis:
Light Dependent Reactions
4. โข The food chain begins with
autotrophs, organisms
that can make their own
food.
โข Most of autotrophs capture
light energy from the sun
and use it, along with CO2
and H2O, to drive the
synthesis of glucose.
โข Q: What is glucose?
โข The oxygen we breathe is a
waste product of
photosynthesis.
From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
Photosynthesis
Image: Photosynthesis, Wikipedia
5. Images: Elodea plant cells, T. Port Chloroplast diagram, Wiki
From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
โข Eukaryotic autotrophs, like
plants, have chlorophyll
( green photosynthetic pigment)
in organelles called
chloroplasts.
โข All green parts of a plant,
including stems, have
chloroplasts, but leaves
are where most of the
photosynthesis happens.
โข Leaves are like the โsolar
panelsโ of a plant.
โข Lets look at the different
parts of a chloroplast >
WHERE does
photosynthesis
happen?
6. Image: Chloroplast diagram, Wiki
From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
WHERE does photosynthesis happen?
7. HOW does
photosynthesis happen?
Photosynthesis can be divided into two main stages:
โข Stage 1- Light dependent reactions:
The chloroplast traps light energy and, with the help of water, converts the
light energy into chemical energy.
ATP & NADPH are like tiny rechargeable batteries in the cell.
Light energy can be put into these โbatteryโ molecules to provide mobile
energy to do cellular work.
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Pi & energy > Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) + electron & hydrogen ion > NADPH
โข Stage 2 - Light independent reactions:
The energy captured in NADPH & ATP is used, with CO2, to make glucose (food).
From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
Images: Thylakoid Membrane, Wiki; ATP-ADP Cycle, CUNY
8. Images: Chloroplast diagram, Wiki ; Thylakoid Membrane, Wiki From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
HOW does
photosynthesis happen?
Thylakoid membrane
contains electron
transport chains > groups
of proteins that run the
light-dependent reactions.
Four major players in the
thylakoid membrane:
- Photosystem II (PS2)
- Cytochrome
- Photosystem I (PS1)
- the enzyme ATP synthase
They work together to
make the charged up
โbatteriesโ.
Q: What are the names of
the rechargeable
batteries?.
9. Images: Thylakoid Membrane, Wiki From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
HOW does photosynthesis happen?
Four main events occur
in these thylakoid
membrane protein
complexes:
1. Electron transport
2. Making NADPH
3. Creation of a hydrogen ion
(H+) gradient
4. Making ATP
10. From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
HOW does
photosynthesis happen?
1. Electron
transport
โข When light hits the
chlorophyll in PS2,
two excited
electrons are
released.
โข These electrons are
then passed from
one protein to the
next, like a game of
โhot potatoโ.
Images: Chloroplast diagram, Wiki ; Thylakoid Membrane, Wiki
11. Images: Thylakoid Membrane, Wiki; Water molecule, Wiki From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
HOW does photosynthesis happen?
Why is water
required for
photosynthesis?
โข The electrons that are
leaving the PS2 need to be
replaced, so a water molecule
(H2O) is split.
โข Two electrons from the split
water molecule go into PS2,
the two hydrogen ions (H+)
are released into the
thylakoid lumen.
โข For each two water
molecules that are split,
molecular oxygen (O2) is
released as a waste product.
O
H
H
12. Images: Thylakoid Membrane, Wiki From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
HOW does photosynthesis happen?
2. Making NADPH
โข When the electrons
get to the last protein
in the chain (PS1).
โข Light excites electrons
here too.
โข The excited electrons
are they are accepted
by the rechargeable
battery NADP+,
charging it up and
adding a H+, to make
NADPH.
13. From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
HOW does
photosynthesis happen?
3. Creation of a
proton gradient
โข Remember, when the water molecule
was split, it released hydrogen ions
(H+) into the lumen.
โข When electrons pass through the
cytochrome protein, more H+ are
pumped from the stroma into the
lumen (one for each electron).
โข The buildup of these hydrogen ions
on one side of the membrane
creates a gradient where the lumen
side of the membrane is more + than
the stroma side.
โข This difference in charge is
potential energy that can be used to
do work.
Images: Chloroplast diagram, Wiki ; Thylakoid Membrane, Wiki
14. Images: Thylakoid Membrane, Wiki; ATP-ADP Cycle, CUNY From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
HOW does
photosynthesis happen?
4. Making ATP!
โข Hydrogen ions (H+)
want to move back
across the membrane
to get rid of this
difference in charge.
โข They move across with
the help of the enzyme
ATP synthase.
โข Each time a H+ moves
back to the stroma,
this provides the
energy to pop a
phosphate onto ADP,
making the
rechargeable battery
ATP.
15. Images: Thylakoid Membrane, Wiki From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.com
HOW does photosynthesis happen?
Take a look!
Photosynthesis:
The Movie
from
The National Science
Foundation
16. Are you feeling blinded by science?
Do yourself a favor. Use theโฆ
Virtual Cell Biology
Classroom (VCBC) !
The VCBC is full of resources to help you succeed,
including:
โข practice test questions
โข review questions
โข study guides and learning objectives
โข PowerPoints on other topics
You can access the VCBC by going to the Science Prof Online website
www.ScienceProfOnline.com
Images: Blinded With Science album, Thomas Dolby; Endomembrane system, Mariana Ruiz, Wiki