Photosynthesis 1
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Photosynthesis uses light energy to produce complex organic molecules like glucose. Autotrophs like plants can produce their own food using photosynthesis, while heterotrophs rely on ingesting organic molecules produced by autotrophs. Respiration in both plants and animals depends on the products of photosynthesis, as it releases the stored chemical energy in molecules like glucose produced during photosynthesis.
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Photosynthesis 1
Photosynthesis uses light energy to produce complex organic molecules through a process of converting carbon dioxide and water. Autotrophs like plants carry out photosynthesis, while heterotrophs rely on ingesting these organic molecules for energy through respiration. Both plant and animal respiration depend on the products of photosynthesis, as it provides the basic energy-carrying molecules that all living things rely on.
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Photosynthesis and respiration are related chemical reactions. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through chloroplasts in plants. The glucose can be used as energy or converted to starch. Respiration breaks down glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water to create energy for cells. Both reactions involve the exchange of carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen and are the basic cycle that supports life on Earth.
Energy in cells
All energy used by living things originates from the sun. During photosynthesis, plant cells trap solar energy using chlorophyll and convert it into sugars, requiring carbon dioxide, water, and light. Animals obtain this energy by consuming plants or other animals. Cellular respiration then breaks down the sugars to release energy for cellular activities, requiring oxygen. Photosynthesis and respiration represent opposite but complementary processes through which energy is captured from the sun and circulated through ecosystems.
Photosynthesisandrespiration 111109085811-phpapp01
Photosynthesis and respiration are related as they are opposite but complementary chemical reactions. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce oxygen and glucose in plants. Respiration in organisms uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Together they form a cycle providing energy and essential molecules for living things.
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This document contains information about ecology and nutrient cycles. It includes definitions of key terms like species, habitat, population, community, ecosystem, autotroph and heterotroph. It describes how energy and nutrients like carbon and nitrogen cycle through ecosystems. Species are classified based on their nutrition, such as autotroph, consumer, detritivore and saprotroph. The document discusses trophic levels and energy transfer between them. Nutrient cycles like carbon and nitrogen are explained, including the roles of photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition and bacteria. Human impacts on nutrient cycles are also covered.
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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related chemical reactions that form a cycle. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and glucose in plants. Cellular respiration in plants and animals breaks down glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Both reactions involve the same molecules - glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water - but they operate in opposite directions, with one building molecules and storing energy (photosynthesis), and the other breaking down molecules to release energy (cellular respiration).
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Photosynthesis 1
Photosynthesis uses light energy to produce complex organic molecules through a process of converting carbon dioxide and water. Autotrophs like plants carry out photosynthesis, while heterotrophs rely on ingesting these organic molecules for energy through respiration. Both plant and animal respiration depend on the products of photosynthesis, as it provides the basic energy-carrying molecules that all living things rely on.
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Photosynthesis and respiration are related chemical reactions. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through chloroplasts in plants. The glucose can be used as energy or converted to starch. Respiration breaks down glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water to create energy for cells. Both reactions involve the exchange of carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen and are the basic cycle that supports life on Earth.
Energy in cells
All energy used by living things originates from the sun. During photosynthesis, plant cells trap solar energy using chlorophyll and convert it into sugars, requiring carbon dioxide, water, and light. Animals obtain this energy by consuming plants or other animals. Cellular respiration then breaks down the sugars to release energy for cellular activities, requiring oxygen. Photosynthesis and respiration represent opposite but complementary processes through which energy is captured from the sun and circulated through ecosystems.
Photosynthesisandrespiration 111109085811-phpapp01
Photosynthesis and respiration are related as they are opposite but complementary chemical reactions. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce oxygen and glucose in plants. Respiration in organisms uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Together they form a cycle providing energy and essential molecules for living things.
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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related chemical reactions that form a cycle. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and glucose in plants. Cellular respiration in plants and animals breaks down glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Both reactions involve the same molecules - glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water - but they operate in opposite directions, with one building molecules and storing energy (photosynthesis), and the other breaking down molecules to release energy (cellular respiration).
Photosynthesis+and+respiration+pvms[1]
Photosynthesis and respiration are chemical reactions that are inversely related. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through chloroplasts in plants. The glucose is stored as a carbohydrate or changed to starch. Respiration takes place in mitochondria and uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Both can be represented by balanced chemical equations that are the reverse of each other.
Photosynthesis+and+respiration+pvms[1]
Photosynthesis and respiration are chemical reactions that are inversely related. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through chloroplasts in plants. The glucose is stored as a carbohydrate and the oxygen released is necessary for living things. Respiration occurs in mitochondria and uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It is the process that powers cellular functions. Together, photosynthesis and respiration form a cycle that sustains life on Earth.
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Photosynthesis r1
Plants use photosynthesis to convert light energy from the Sun into chemical energy stored in glucose. During photosynthesis, chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs sunlight which is then combined with carbon dioxide and water. This process, which takes place in chloroplasts, produces oxygen and glucose as products. Photosynthesis is represented by the chemical equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2, where carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen using energy from sunlight.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water using energy from sunlight. Chlorophyll traps light energy and converts it into chemical energy to form sugars and oxygen. The word equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. A leaf has features like chloroplasts for photosynthesis, stomata and mesophyll cells for gas exchange, and vascular bundles for transport and support. Important plant nutrients include nitrate ions for protein synthesis and magnesium ions for chlorophyll synthesis.
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Energy flows through ecosystems from sunlight through photosynthesis by producers to consumers in a food chain. Only about 10-20% of energy is transferred between trophic levels, with the rest lost as heat through respiration. This loss of energy at each trophic level restricts food chain length and biomass of higher levels. Ecosystems rely on the continuous input of solar energy to replace energy lost as heat and sustain life processes.
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- It takes place in chloroplasts within plant cells, using chlorophyll and a membrane system to transform light energy into ATP and NADPH through light-dependent reactions, and using those products to fix carbon and produce glucose through light-independent reactions.
- Photosynthesis is essential to life on Earth as it provides oxygen for animals to breathe and produces food/glucose that sustains life.
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Plants perform photosynthesis, which requires carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. Through photosynthesis, plants breathe in carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen and glucose using chlorophyll and energy from sunlight. This glucose is converted into food for the plant and building materials to allow it to grow.
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Photosynthesis and respiration are chemical reactions that are inversely related. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through chloroplasts in plants. The glucose is stored as a carbohydrate or changed to starch. Respiration takes place in mitochondria and uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Both can be represented by balanced chemical equations that are the reverse of each other.
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Photosynthesis and respiration are chemical reactions that are inversely related. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through chloroplasts in plants. The glucose is stored as a carbohydrate and the oxygen released is necessary for living things. Respiration occurs in mitochondria and uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It is the process that powers cellular functions. Together, photosynthesis and respiration form a cycle that sustains life on Earth.
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Plants use photosynthesis to convert light energy from the Sun into chemical energy stored in glucose. During photosynthesis, chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs sunlight which is then combined with carbon dioxide and water. This process, which takes place in chloroplasts, produces oxygen and glucose as products. Photosynthesis is represented by the chemical equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2, where carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen using energy from sunlight.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water using energy from sunlight. Chlorophyll traps light energy and converts it into chemical energy to form sugars and oxygen. The word equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. A leaf has features like chloroplasts for photosynthesis, stomata and mesophyll cells for gas exchange, and vascular bundles for transport and support. Important plant nutrients include nitrate ions for protein synthesis and magnesium ions for chlorophyll synthesis.
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Energy flows through ecosystems from sunlight through photosynthesis by producers to consumers in a food chain. Only about 10-20% of energy is transferred between trophic levels, with the rest lost as heat through respiration. This loss of energy at each trophic level restricts food chain length and biomass of higher levels. Ecosystems rely on the continuous input of solar energy to replace energy lost as heat and sustain life processes.
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This document outlines statements from the Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry syllabus regarding plant nutrition, including:
1) Defining photosynthesis and stating the word and chemical equations, and explaining the role of chlorophyll.
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3) Identifying and explaining limiting factors that can restrict photosynthesis under different environmental conditions.
4) Describing the importance of nitrate ions and magnesium ions for plant growth and the effects of deficiencies.
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This document provides an overview of photosynthesis, including:
- Photosynthesis converts sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose (chemical energy stored in food).
- It takes place in chloroplasts within plant cells, using chlorophyll and a membrane system to transform light energy into ATP and NADPH through light-dependent reactions, and using those products to fix carbon and produce glucose through light-independent reactions.
- Photosynthesis is essential to life on Earth as it provides oxygen for animals to breathe and produces food/glucose that sustains life.
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Oxygen is present in water and necessary for respiration, found in the lungs where 20% of breathed air is oxygen. Carbon provides structure and is used for our daily functions, anything with carbon is considered organic. Hydrogen bonds with oxygen in our bodies to make water, while nitrogen makes up 80% of the atmosphere and is used to make nucleic acids and proteins. Calcium is needed for strong bones and teeth, movement and blood clots.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose. During photosynthesis, chloroplasts in plants use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through a chemical reaction. This process is essential as it produces oxygen and food in the form of glucose, providing energy to fuel life on Earth.
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This document outlines the key concepts of aerobic and anaerobic respiration as well as gas exchange. It defines respiration, aerobic respiration, and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration releases more energy through the breakdown of food substances in the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic respiration releases less energy in the absence of oxygen. The document also describes the roles of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and associated capillaries in gas exchange and how physical activity affects breathing rate and depth.
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Photosynthesis powerpoint 1
Plants perform photosynthesis, which requires carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. Through photosynthesis, plants breathe in carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen and glucose using chlorophyll and energy from sunlight. This glucose is converted into food for the plant and building materials to allow it to grow.
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The document discusses autotrophs and heterotrophs, their carbon sources and energy sources. It defines aerobic and anaerobic organisms, as well as facultative anaerobes. It also discusses catabolic and anabolic reactions, oxidative and reductive pathways, and questions about electron acceptors, respiration types, growth requirements, metabolic pathways and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
IB Biology Ecology Optional Topic C 2015
The document discusses key concepts in ecology including species, communities, ecosystems, trophic levels, and nutrient cycling. Some key points:
- A species is a group of organisms that can potentially interbreed, while a community is formed by populations of different interacting species living together. An ecosystem includes both the living community and the abiotic environment with which it interacts.
- Organisms are classified based on their method of nutrition as either autotrophs (producers) or heterotrophs (consumers, detritivores, saprotrophs). Energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems via trophic levels.
- Carbon and nutrient cycles like nitrogen and phosphorus are essential for continued availability of those elements
Microbial Nutrition.pptx
1. Microbial nutrition involves macronutrients like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus that microorganisms require for growth. Micronutrients like iron, copper, and zinc are also needed in small amounts.
2. Microorganisms are classified based on their nutritional requirements. Some key classifications include photolithoautotrophs that use light and CO2, chemolithoautotrophs that use inorganic chemicals, and chemoorganoheterotrophs that use organic chemicals.
3. The majority of microorganisms fall into two main categories - photoautotrophs that use light and CO2, and chemoheterotrophs that use organic compounds for
A level biology- The importance of ATP
The document discusses the importance of ATP and how it is produced and used. It explains that photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy by autotrophs like plants, which produce ATP. This ATP is then broken down by hydrolysis to provide an immediate energy source for cellular processes. The ATP is regenerated when electrons are passed through an electron transport chain during oxidative phosphorylation.
Ecology
IB DP Biology Unit 1 (Diversity of Life) Materials (PPT)
Chapter 4 Ecology
4.1 Species and Ecosystems
4.2 Energy Flow
Basic Concepts (Microbial Ecology)
This document provides an overview of basic ecological principles and concepts:
- It describes biotic and abiotic factors that influence ecosystems, and defines producers, consumers, decomposers, and their roles in food chains, food webs, and trophic levels.
- It explains energy and biomass pyramids, and ecological interactions like competition, predation, and symbiosis.
- Succession and laws of minimum factors and tolerance are outlined, which influence plant growth and organism habitation.
Originoflife 110531224213-phpapp01
1) Four key processes were needed for the spontaneous origin of life on Earth: the synthesis of simple organic molecules, the assembly of these molecules into polymers, the origin of self-replicating molecules making inheritance possible, and the packaging of these molecules into membranes.
2) Miller and Urey's experiments in 1953 sought to recreate early Earth conditions and demonstrated the formation of amino acids from simpler components in the atmosphere, supporting the hypothesis of chemical evolution.
3) Comets may have delivered organic compounds to Earth, as analysis shows they contain complex organic molecules and panspermia suggests hardy bacteria could survive in space.
Photosyntb.sc lecture copy-1
This document provides an overview of photosynthesis. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which include understanding that energy can change forms, defining photosynthesis, and explaining the processes that occur in the chloroplast. The document then defines photosynthesis as a process where plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose. It explains that photosynthesis is important as it produces organic molecules and oxygen, and forms the basis of food chains. The document provides details on the light-dependent and light-independent reactions, and describes the structures involved like chloroplasts, thylakoids and pigments. It outlines the absorption of light by chlorophyll and movement of electrons, and explains how ATP and NADPH are produced to ultimately fix carbon
Topic 4.2 Energy Flow
Most ecosystems rely on a supply of energy from sunlight.
Light energy is converted to chemical energy in carbon compounds by photosynthesis.
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This document provides information about enzymes and enzyme action. It discusses that enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, with each enzyme having a specific active site that allows only certain reactants to fit. It introduces the lock and key model of enzyme action, where the enzyme perfectly fits the substrate, and the induced fit model, where the enzyme alters shape to fit the substrate. It also explains how enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions by bringing substrates close together and putting strain on molecules to reduce the energy needed to break or form bonds.
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This document discusses protein structure and function. It begins by stating the aim is to understand how proteins fold into their correct shape. It then lists several important functions of proteins, including serving as enzymes, transporting molecules, storage, movement, structure, and mediating responses and immunity. The document goes on to explain the four levels of protein structure: primary structure is the amino acid sequence; secondary structure involves hydrogen bonds forming alpha helices and beta sheets; tertiary structure is the complex 3D shape formed by additional bonds; and quaternary structure refers to large proteins made of multiple polypeptide chains. Examples of hemoglobin and collagen are provided.
Lesson 6 amino acids and proteins
The document discusses amino acid and protein structure. It covers:
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Lesson 5 lipids
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Lesson 3 starch, glycogen and cellulose
1. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are polysaccharides made of glucose monomers that differ in their structure and function.
2. Starch has a linear structure that allows for close packing, making it a good energy store that can be easily broken down into glucose.
3. Glycogen branches, allowing several branches to be cut off at once to quickly supply energy.
4. Cellulose has hydroxyl groups that form hydrogen bonds between chains, holding them firmly together into strong microfibrils.
Lesson 2 carbohydrates
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Exam tip tweets from staff shared
The teachers provided various exam and revision tips which focus on practicing past papers under timed conditions, using memory techniques like songs to remember facts, creating study tools like flashcards and index cards, studying in short bursts and revisiting topics regularly, getting good sleep, and structuring answers rather than rushing straight into writing. Overall the tips emphasized effective preparation, practice of past papers, testing oneself, and taking breaks to reduce stress and increase retention.
Photosynthesis 6 light independent reaction
The document discusses cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation and the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. In the light-independent or Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is fixed by the enzyme rubisco to the 5-carbon molecule RuBP. This forms a 6-carbon compound that splits into two 3-carbon phosphoglycerate molecules. These are reduced using ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to form triose phosphates, which can regenerate RuBP to restart the cycle or be converted into glucose.
Photosynthesis 6 light independent reaction
The document discusses cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation, which are the light-dependent and light-independent stages of photosynthesis. In the light-dependent stage, ATP and NADPH are produced to be used in the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle (light-independent stage) uses the products of the light reaction with the enzyme rubisco to incorporate carbon dioxide into glycerate-3-phosphate and regenerate RuBP, allowing the process to repeat to ultimately produce glucose or other organic molecules.
Lesson 4 pigments
The document discusses the roles of pigments in photosynthesis. It describes how light is absorbed by chlorophyll and accessory pigments in light-harvesting complexes, then energy is transferred between pigments via resonance energy transfer until it reaches a reaction center where electron transfer begins. It also compares the main pigments, chlorophyll a and b, and reaction centers of Photosystem I and Photosystem II.
Lesson 3 photosynthetic pigment extraction
This document discusses photosynthetic pigments and their role in photosynthesis. It explains that chlorophyll is the primary photosynthetic pigment found in plants and is associated with proteins to form light-harvesting complexes in the thylakoid membrane. These complexes absorb light and transfer the energy from one pigment molecule to another through resonance energy transfer until it reaches a reaction center where electron transfer begins. The document also provides details on analyzing different photosynthetic pigments through chromatography.
Lesson 2 chloroplast structure and leaf adaptations
This document discusses photosynthesis and chloroplast structure. It begins by outlining learning objectives about linking leaf structure to photosynthesis efficiency, reviewing chloroplast structure, and describing the role of photosynthetic pigments in light harvesting. It then provides an overview of photosynthesis as a two-stage process that takes place in chloroplasts, and explains chloroplast structure through diagrams and electron micrographs. Specifically, it notes that chloroplasts contain thylakoids which harbor chlorophyll and other pigments for light absorption and energy transfer during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Lesson 2 chloroplast structure and leaf adaptations
This document discusses photosynthesis and chloroplast structure. It begins by outlining learning objectives about linking leaf structure to photosynthesis efficiency, reviewing chloroplast structure, and describing the role of photosynthetic pigments in light harvesting. It then provides an overview of photosynthesis as a two-stage process that takes place in chloroplasts, and explains chloroplast structure through diagrams and electron micrographs. Specifically, it notes that chloroplasts contain thylakoids which harbor chlorophyll and drive the light-dependent reactions that produce oxygen and energy through electron transfer.
Lung dissection lesson 3
The document describes the features of the mammalian lung that enable efficient gas exchange. It discusses the alveolus as an efficient exchange surface due to diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. It also outlines the distribution of cartilage, cilia, goblet cells, smooth muscle, and elastic fibers in the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli and their functions in facilitating gas exchange. Diagrams and photographs are provided to illustrate these structures and distributions.
Exchange surfaces lesson 1
This document describes an experiment to demonstrate the effect of surface area to volume ratio on the rate of diffusion using agar cubes of different sizes submerged in hydrochloric acid. Students are instructed to cut agar cubes of varying sizes, submerge them in HCl, time how long it takes for the color to disappear, record the results, and graph the data to show that smaller cubes with a higher surface area to volume ratio will diffuse more quickly. Questions are included about controlling variables, improving reliability and accuracy, explaining the effect on diffusion rates and its importance to organisms, and limitations compared to living systems.
L4 spirometer
This document discusses spirometry and breathing. It outlines how inspiration and expiration occur in mammals through the function of the rib cage, intercostal muscles, and diaphragm. It explains that a spirometer can be used to measure vital capacity, tidal volume, breathing rate, and oxygen uptake by analyzing airflow during breathing. Spirometry data is then analyzed and interpreted to understand lung function.
Transport in plants 6 xerophytes
The document describes how xerophytes, or plants adapted to dry conditions, reduce water loss through transpiration. Key adaptations include sunken stomata surrounded by hairs that create a humid microclimate to decrease exposure to air currents. Thick waxy cuticles make leaves more waterproof and impermeable. Examples given are the crater-shaped stomata depressions in cactus leaves and the rolled inner leaves of marram grass which allow water vapor to accumulate internally rather than releasing to the atmosphere. Xerophytes possess combinations of these adaptations to minimize unnecessary water loss.
Transport in plants 3 transpiration
1. Transpiration is the movement of water from the roots of a plant through the xylem and leaves where it evaporates from the surfaces of mesophyll cells and exits through stomata.
2. Factors like light, temperature, humidity, and wind affect the transpiration rate by influencing how open the stomata are and the rate of evaporation.
3. Water is transported throughout the plant via the xylem through a combination of cohesion, adhesion, and transpirational pull which creates a column of water with tensile strength that pulls water up from the roots to the leaves.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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Photosynthesis 1
- 1. Photosynthesis (a) define the terms autotroph and heterotroph; (b) state that light energy is used during photosynthesis to produce complex organic molecules; (c) explain how respiration in plants and animals depends upon the products of photosynthesis;
- 4. (a) define the terms autotroph and heterotroph; • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxDcOxX QI-k
- 5. (a) define the terms autotroph and heterotroph; • Autotrophs – are organisms that use light energy or chemical energy and inorganic molecules (carbon dioxide and water) to synthesise complex organic molecules • Heterotrophs are organisms that ingest and digest complex organic molecules, releasing the chemical potential energy stored in them
- 6. (b) state that light energy is used during photosynthesis to produce complex organic molecules;
- 7. (c) explain how respiration in plants and animals depends upon the products of photosynthesis http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp08/080200 1.html Page 59 Q1 and Stretch and Challenge Question A