Photographs from Geological Field Trip to Tremp and Ainsa Basins
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Slideshow of field photographs from the field trip to Tremp and Ainsa Basins in Northern Spain. Rock sequences ranging form the Precambrian to the recent are exposed in the Pyrenees. The lower Metamorphic Unit (Cambrian to Lower Permian) forms the axis of the mountain chain. The upper sedimentary unit (Middle Permian to present day) is exposed along the flanks. This sedimentary unit provides an excellent opportunity to study the evolution of different sedimentary basins in response to the tectonoic activity. The sedimentary depositional environments covers an almost complete gamut from aeolian to deep marine through fluvial, deltaic, shoreface etc. The region is also excellent to study the development of different petroleum system components - source, reservoir, trap, seal and charge (though there is not much oil on the Spanish side of the Pyrenees).
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Depositional environments
The document discusses various depositional environments and their diagnostic criteria. It describes fluvial, aeolian, lacustrine, and glacial environments. Fluvial environments include features like meandering rivers, levees, and crevasse splays. Aeolian environments are characterized by dune types and loess deposits. Lacustrine deposits show rhythmic bedding and contain fossils. Glacial environments involve ice transport and deposition of unsorted sediments. Diagnostic criteria allow identifying depositional environments based on structures, fossils, and sediment characteristics.
Marine Provinces
There are three major ocean provinces: continental margins along coastlines, deep ocean basins farther from land, and mid-ocean ridges which are submarine mountain ranges. Continental margins include continental shelves, slopes, and rises. Passive margins are tectonically inactive while active margins experience convergence at trenches. Turbidity currents erode submarine canyons and deposit sediments in fans on continental rises. Abyssal plains with fine sediments are adjacent to rises. Mid-ocean ridges are divergent plate boundaries marked by volcanic activity and hydrothermal vents.
Amazon basin geological development
1) Around 150 million years ago, South America and Africa were joined as part of the supercontinent Gondwanaland, with water flowing west into the Pacific Ocean.
2) Beginning 140 million years ago, the breakup of Gondwanaland caused the formation of the Andes Mountains through subduction and the development of the huge Pebas Wetland System trapped between the Andes and the continental shield.
3) Around 10 million years ago, the Pebas Lake drained eastward through the Purus Arch, forming the ancestral Amazon River channel and depositing thick layers of sediment that became the infertile soils of the Amazon Basin.
Rivers
1. Rivers carry loads of materials like rocks, sand, leaves and dead fish. They flow through channels that can have high or low gradients and carry greater or lesser discharges of water.
2. Faster flowing water is able to carry heavier loads, including large bed loads that bounce along the bottom and smaller suspended loads. Chemical dissolved loads are also carried.
3. Rivers progress through youthful, mature and old stages based on factors like climate, gradient and load. Youthful rivers have steep gradients while old rivers are wide and form many meanders.
Channel Patterns & Floodplain Formation in environmental geology
Wide valleys often include floodplains, which are broad strips of land built up by sediment deposition on either side of stream channels. During floods, floodplain areas may be covered by flood waters carrying silt and clay, which are deposited as horizontal layers when flood waters recede. Successive floods can build up natural levees, which are low ridges of deposited sediment forming along stream channels. Floodplains contain features such as meanders, point bars, and oxbow lakes.
Geological landforms
This is first part of PowerPoint presentation on Geological Landforms. The landforms described in the slides are the ones that are most commonly found.
Contents:
1. Features and typical Landforms associated with an ideal fluvial cycle in a humid region.
2. Features found in arid regions
3. River Patterns
4. Drainage Patterns
Part - II of this PowerPoint presentation will be made available soon :)
What are fluvioglacial processes?
Here is a 4 mark labelled sketch of an esker:
[SKETCH OF AN ESKER]:
- Sinuous ridge
- Coarse gravel and sand
- Stratified layers
- 5-20m high
Eskers form through the process of subglacial deposition:
Meltwater flows through tunnels beneath the glacier. As it flows, it deposits material in the tunnel. Coarser material is deposited first, creating layers. As the glacier melts away, it leaves behind the sinuous ridge of stratified sand and gravel - the esker. The tunnel walls confined the meltwater flow and pressure, allowing transport and deposition of material.
Relief
This document discusses different types of landforms on Earth including continental and oceanic relief. It describes how tectonic plates move and collide, forming three main types of plate boundaries. It also explains key landforms shaped by rivers, glaciers, groundwater and lakes. Coastal landforms like cliffs, beaches and estuaries are presented. The document emphasizes how plate tectonics and erosion by water have created the diverse surface features visible around the world today.
Geography gcse mock and examination preparation booklet
The document provides guidance for students taking a geography GCSE mock exam, outlining the areas and topics that will be covered. It includes sections on plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, rivers, coastal landforms, and water supply. Students are advised to bring writing implements and a calculator. Key concepts are defined in a glossary. Flash cards summarize key processes, landforms, and management strategies related to various physical geography topics.
Mozambique Coal 2016_Geology
The document provides an overview of the coal deposits in Mozambique. It discusses the regional geology, including the Karoo basins and productive sequences. The Tete Province is a focus, with details on exploration learnings. The coal seams show varying thickness, quality, and continuity due to faulting and intrusions. While over 60 seams have been identified in the basins, the coals generally have low sulfur and phosphorus content, and yields of 5-60% coking coal and 10-30% thermal coal. The geology and coal characteristics indicate significant but complex coal resources in Mozambique.
9 water resources
This document summarizes key aspects of Earth's water resources. It discusses the water cycle and how water is distributed among different reservoirs on Earth, including oceans, ice, surface water, and groundwater. Oceans contain the vast majority of Earth's water. Surface water includes rivers, lakes, wetlands, and floods. Groundwater resides in aquifers underground. The document provides details on each of these reservoirs, their characteristics, and examples.
Types of Rivers
The drainage pattern shown is dendritic. A dendritic drainage pattern occurs in regions where the underlying rock is uniform in its resistance to erosion. It resembles the branching pattern of a tree, with many small tributaries that join together into larger streams and rivers, eventually converging to a single outlet. The branching tributaries meet the main rivers at acute angles. This type of drainage pattern suggests an underlying topography that has a uniform resistance to erosion, allowing the drainage network to develop evenly in all directions without being controlled by the geology.
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Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
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Classification
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Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
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Complex titration with EDTA.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
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equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
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‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
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measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Photographs from Geological Field Trip to Tremp and Ainsa Basins
- 1. Field Photographs from Tremp and Ainsa Basin – Northern Spain Lawrence Kanyan
- 3. Tidal Environment Herringbone cross-beds – Tidal Environment
- 5. Clay chips in a sst bed
- 6. Smaller ripples on a larger bed-form
- 7. Smaller ripples on a larger bed-form
- 8. bioturbation
- 10. Thrust zone
- 11. Vertical beds over the thrust plane
- 13. Collades de Basturs carbonate platform (near the village of Can Borell)
- 14. Rudist
- 15. Rudists colony
- 17. Building blocks: lower delta plain
- 18. Oyesters – shallow marine, brackish waters – also rich in muddy facies Indicating shallow waters Mud – does not always indicate deep water – indicates low energy
- 19. Cross-laminae
- 20. Cross-bedded sequence – bidirectional? Tidal influence?
- 21. Erosional base- fining up – distributary channel
- 22. Fining up
- 23. Pebbly sands – fining up, some cross laminations
- 24. Motteled texture - rootlets
- 26. Braided river system - smileys
- 27. Tree trunk - peat
- 30. Syncline in distance – paleo valley
- 31. Bauma sequence – Ta and Tb Ta Tb
- 32. Turbidite elementary channels – part of a channel complex
- 34. Elementary channels form a channel complex
- 35. Rounded mud clasts Slope bypass
- 36. Hill in the background - thrusting
- 37. Smileys in slope deposits
- 38. Flute caste indicating flow direction N300 degrees
- 39. Folded –> slump deposits
- 40. Normal graded beds Rip up clasts at base indicate a new Cycle Each cycles removes the previously Deposited clasts High density turbidity currents Only Ta
- 41. seismites
- 42. Soft sediment deformation Fluid escape structures
- 44. Imbricated mud clasts – indicate flow direction Flow direction same as indicated by flute casts
- 57. Last day
- 59. Carbonate turbidite unit – reverse graded => overturned beds
- 62. Fluvial Outcrop
- 63. Fluvial Outcrop
- 64. Thicker channel: more accommodation space – less lateral accretion
- 66. Anticline??