Philosophy of sharing of inter-State transmission charges by PoC method
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Sharing of transmission charges is done in a approximate way on the basis of projected use of transmission system. In India one method called Point of Connection method has been adopted. The philosophy of PoC method is described in this presentation.
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HEAD OFFICE (CHENNAI):
JP INFOTECH,
Old No. 31, New No: 86, 1st Floor, 1st Avenue,
Ashok Nagar (Ashok Pillar),
Chennai – 83.
Landmark: Next to Kotak Mahendra Bank / Bharath Scans
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This study focuses on mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that support Internet routing protocol imposing stringent resource consumption constraints of Quality of service (QoS). The mobile Internet causes the ongoing issue of inefficient use of the MANET resources due to its random nature of wireless environments. In this paper, the new improved architecture of the last mile mobile hybrid optical-wireless access network (adLMMHOWAN) is proposed and designed to tackle the arised issues. The proposed design is based on a unified wireless-wired network solution required the deployment of MANET-based wireless fidelity (WiFi) technology at the wireless front-end and wavelengths division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM PON) at the optical backhaul. The critical performance metrics such as network capacity and energy consumption based on modified AODVUU routing protocol using OMNeT++ software is analyzed with 2 scenarios, namely the number of nodes and mobility speed. This mode of communication results in better QoS network capacity of 47.07% improvement, with 26.85% reduction of lower energy resource consumption for mobile wireless front-end over passive optical network backhaul architecture when compared with the existing work of oRiq scheme that focus on improvement in MANETs.
Ant-colony and nature-inspired heuristic models for NOMA systems: a review
The increasing computational complexity in scheduling the large number of users for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system and future cellular networks lead to the need for scheduling models with relatively lower computational complexity such as heuristic models. The main objective of this paper is to conduct a concise study on ant-colony optimization (ACO) methods and potential nature-inspired heuristic models for NOMA implementation in future high-speed networks. The issues, challenges and future work of ACO and other related heuristic models in NOMA are concisely reviewed. The throughput result of the proposed ACO method is observed to be close to the maximum theoretical value and stands 44% higher than that of the existing method. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of ACO implementation for NOMA user scheduling and grouping.
Allocation of Transmission Cost Using Power Flow Tracing Methods
In the open access restructured power system market, it is necessary to develop an appropriate pricing scheme that can provide the useful economic information to market participants, such as generation, transmission companies and customers. Though many methods have already been proposed, but accurately estimating and allocating the transmission cost in the transmission pricing scheme is still a challenging task. This work addresses the problem of allocating the cost of the transmission network to generators and demands. In this work four methods using DC Power flow and AC power flow have been attempted. They are MW-Mile Method, MVA-Mile Method, GGDF method and Bialek Tracing method.MVA-Mile method and Bialek Tracing method applies AC power flow and considers apparent power flows. The purpose of the present work is to allocate the cost pertaining to the transmission lines of the network to all the generators and demands. A load flow solution is run and, the proposed method determines how line flows depend on nodal currents. This result is then used to allocate network costs to generators and demands. The technique presented in this work is related to the allocation of the cost to GENCO‘s TRANSCO‘s and DISCO‘s. A technique for tracing the flow of electricity of lines among generators with GGDF and Bialek upstream looking algorithm is proposed. With these methods correct economic signals are generated for all players. All these methods are tested on IEEE 14 bus system.
Serial & Circular Peer Harvesting by Wireless Powered Communication Network
This document proposes and evaluates two new peer harvesting schemes, serial energy harvesting (SEH) and circular energy harvesting (CEH), for wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs). In SEH, each node harvests energy sequentially from the hybrid access point and nodes that transmitted in previous time slots. In CEH, each node can harvest energy from the HAP and all other nodes, regardless of transmission time. The document develops optimization models for each scheme and proposes a heuristic algorithm to solve the optimization problems. Simulation results show the SEH scheme provides slightly higher energy gains with lower complexity, while the CEH scheme enables better throughput performance.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF PACKET SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS FOR VIDEO TRAFFIC IN L...
In this paper we have studied downlink packet scheduling algorithms proposed for LTE cellular networks.
The study emphasize on three most promising scheduling algorithms such as: FLS, EXP rule and LOG rule.
The performance of these three algorithms is conducted over video traffic in a vehicular environment using
LTE-Sim simulator. The simulation was setup with varying number of users from 10 - 60 in fixed bounded
regions of 1 km radius. The main goal this study is to provide results that will help in the design process of
packet scheduler for LTE cellular networks, aiming to get better overall performance users. Simulation
results show that, the FLS scheme outperforms in terms of average system throughput, average packet
delay, PLR; and with a satisfactory level of fairness index.
What's hot (19)
Analysis on the Mobile Spectrum Assignment Policy in Korea
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Electric Utility Integrated Resource Planning (IRP)
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IMPACT OF CERC'S SHARING OF TRANSMISSION CHARGES AND LOSSES REGULATIONS
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IMPROVED PROPAGATION MODELS FOR LTE PATH LOSS PREDICTION IN URBAN & SUBURBAN ...
IMPROVED PROPAGATION MODELS FOR LTE PATH LOSS PREDICTION IN URBAN & SUBURBAN ...
Fiber Optical Communication Projects Research Topics
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Last mile mobile hybrid optical wireless access network routing enhancement
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Ant-colony and nature-inspired heuristic models for NOMA systems: a review
Ant-colony and nature-inspired heuristic models for NOMA systems: a review
Allocation of Transmission Cost Using Power Flow Tracing Methods
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Serial & Circular Peer Harvesting by Wireless Powered Communication Network
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Similar to Philosophy of sharing of inter-State transmission charges by PoC method
Edward Robson
1) Edward Robson developed a model to integrate economic evaluation of transport network changes with transport demand modeling to allow for rapid assessments of consumer benefits.
2) The model calculates consumer surplus for each origin-destination pair based on changes in generalized costs between the existing and proposed networks using a logsum formula.
3) The model was tested on a proposal to add a metro network to Sydney, finding an estimated increase in consumer surplus of $63,997 per morning commute period according to the logsum calculation.
ACTIVE POWER AND COST ALLOCATION IN OPEN ACCESS ENVIRONMENT UTILIZING POWER F...
The transmission usage cost allocation is one of the major issues experienced by the Electric Supply Industries. In this paper, authors have considered Line Outage Distribution Factor (LODF) for allocating the transmission usage cost allocation under contingency condition. Authors have modified the
distribution factor for maximum flow and propose a novel Maximum Line Outage Distribution Factor (MLODF) which depends upon the redistribution of the generation in the line flow considering N-1 security constraints. Similarly, for transmission loss cost allocation under contingency condition Maximum Line Outage Loss Distribution Factor (MLOLDF) is developed. Full recovery policy of transmission cost allocation is considered. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed method is tested
on the sample 6 bus system.
Congestion Management Approaches in Deregulated Electricity Market: A Compreh...
Congestion Management Approaches in Deregulated Electricity Market: A Compreh...Dr. Sudhir Kumar Srivastava
This document summarizes research on approaches to managing congestion in deregulated electricity markets. It reviews various congestion management methods that have been proposed, including nodal pricing, price area congestion management, available transfer capability based approaches, using thyristor controlled phase shifting transformers, and flexible AC transmission systems devices. It also discusses optimization techniques that have been applied to congestion management problems, such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization. The document provides examples of research on applying these different congestion management methods and optimization techniques to address transmission network congestion issues in deregulated power systems.IRJET- Transmission Line Congestion Management using Hybrid Fish-Bee Algorith...
This document discusses transmission line congestion management using a hybrid Fish-Bee algorithm with Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC). It begins with an abstract that introduces the problem of transmission line overloading or congestion in deregulated power systems. It then provides background on congestion management approaches and Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices like IPFC that can increase line capacity. The document proposes using a hybrid Fish-Bee algorithm to identify the most congested line and optimal location to place an IPFC to relieve congestion by increasing power transfer capacity while minimizing voltage deviations. Simulation results on the IEEE 30 bus system show the proposed approach increases existing line capacity more than other algorithms using UPFC or IPFC for
Power Grid's Inter-State transmission charges in India
CERC on June 16, 2010 notified the Regulations of sharing inter-state transmission charges as per Electricity Act 2003. The method described in the Regulations is known as point of connection (PoC) transmission charges which is nothing but sharing of transmission charges as per projected usage.
Challenges, Issues and Research directions in Optical Burst Switching
This document discusses challenges and research directions in optical burst switching (OBS) networks. It provides background on OBS architecture, including burst assembly, routing, traffic distribution, scheduling, and signaling protocols. Contention resolution strategies in OBS like optical buffering, wavelength conversion, burst deflection routing, and burst segmentation are also covered. Key challenges discussed include implementing burst segmentation in practical systems, such as dealing with switching time and segment boundary detection. Other challenges are the limited buffering capabilities of optical networks and noise introduced by wavelength conversion. The document also notes issues like shadow contention that can occur with certain contention resolution strategies.
Paper id 212014111
This document analyzes and compares the performance of selection diversity and switched diversity schemes in terms of sum rate and fairness. Selection diversity always provides maximum fairness but switched diversity can achieve higher sum rates by allowing different threshold values for each user. Numerical results show that switched diversity provides a fairness index close to one while achieving a higher sum rate compared to selection diversity. The document also reviews related work on multiuser diversity schemes and proposes using different threshold rates for each user to further improve performance of switched diversity.
Resource Allocation in MIMO – OFDM Communication System under Signal Strength...
Abstract: - Multiple Inputs and Multiple Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system have the potential to attain high capability on the propagation setting. The aim of this paper is that the adaptive resource allocation in MIMO-OFDM system uses the water filling formula. Water filling answer is enforced for allocating the ability so as to extend the data rate. The overall system capability is maximised subject to the constraints on total power, signal to noise quantitative relation, and proportionality. Channel is assumed as a flat attenuation channel and therefore the comparison is created for various 2×2, 2×3, 3×2 and 4×4 MIMO-OFDM systems and water filling formula with allotted power. Supported the capability contribution from the relaying terminal, a brand new parameter referred to as cooperation constant is introduced as an operate of the relaying sub channel. This parameter is employed to switch the target parameter of the subcarrier allocation procedure. Fairness-oriented [Fading Channel] and throughput-oriented [Near finish Channel] algorithms square measure elite from the literature to check the planned technique. Each algorithms square measure changed to use the mean of cooperation constant within the objective parameter of the subcarrier allocation procedure and shown to own a much better total turnout with none sacrifice.
Keywords - MIMO-OFDM; Water filling Algorithm; Subcarrier Resource Allocation
ATC part-1 shshshdgshdgsshdvdsbfsdccc.pptx
This document discusses methods for calculating available transfer capability (ATC) in electric power systems. It describes three main categories of ATC determination: 1) methods using multiple load flow and continuation power flow simulations, 2) optimization-based power flow methods, and 3) methods using linear sensitivity factors. For the first method, load flow is run incrementally while checking for violations, and continuation power flow finds the maximum loadability. The second method formulates ATC as an optimization problem. The third method uses distribution factors derived from DC and AC power flow to calculate ATC based on transaction impacts on line flows.
ATC part-1vdvdvdvdvdvddbsdnfsdnvsdn.pptx
This document discusses methods for calculating available transfer capability (ATC) in electric power systems. It describes three main categories of ATC determination: 1) methods using multiple load flow and continuation power flow simulations, 2) optimization-based power flow methods, and 3) methods using linear sensitivity factors. For the first method, load flow is run incrementally while checking for violations, and continuation power flow finds the maximum loadability. The second method formulates ATC as an optimization problem. The third method uses distribution factors derived from DC and AC power flow to calculate ATC based on the linear relationship between transactions and line flows.
Market Based Criteria for Congestion Management and Transmission Pricing
Congestion Management is one of the major tasks performed by system operator to ensure the operation of transmission system within operating limits. In the emerging electric power market, the congestion management becomes extremely important and it can impose a barrier to the electricity trading. In the present paper, a concept of transmission congestion penalty factors is developed and implemented to control power overflows in transmission lines for congestion management. Here we presents a Re-dispatch methodology for cost of transmission network to its user. The transmission price computation considers the physical impact caused by the market agents in the transmission network. The paper includes case study for IEEE 5 bus power system.
2010IEEE
This document informs Masoud Yadollahi zadeh that his paper titled "Profit Maximization in Competitive Electricity Markets" has been accepted for oral presentation at the IEEE 3rd International Power and Energy Conference (PECon2010) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from November 29 to December 1, 2010. The author is asked to address comments from reviewers to improve the paper and pre-register for the conference. The acceptance is conditional on at least one author attending to present the paper.
Design, implementation and evaluation of icmp based available network bandwid...
We propose a method to measure available network ba
ndwidth using the Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP). The recently proposed ImTCP techni
que uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) data
packets and the corresponding acknowledgement respo
nses to measure the available bandwidth between
sender and receiver. Since ImTCP needs to change th
e sender’s TCP implementation, it needs
modifications to sender’s operating system kernel.
Moreover, ImTCP cannot measure available bandwidth
accurately if the receiver sends delayed acknowledg
ments. These problems stem from the use of TCP. In
this paper, we discuss an ICMP-based method that ov
ercomes these limitations. We evaluate the
performance of the proposed method in an experiment
al network and show that it generates less
measurement traffic and requires less time for band
width measurement than PathLoad. We also show that
proposed method can measure the available bandwidth
even if the bandwidth changes during
measurement
Cost Allocation of Reactive Power Using Matrix Methodology in Transmission Ne...
This document presents a matrix methodology for allocating the costs of reactive power flows in transmission networks. The methodology traces reactive power flows through the network using Kirchhoff's current law and proportional sharing principles. It then allocates the costs of reactive power to generators and loads using the MVAr-mile method. The methodology is demonstrated on sample 6-bus and IEEE 14-bus test systems. Results show the allocated reactive power flows to different loads and the costs allocated to loads for recovery of total reactive power costs in the transmission network.
D010242934
This document discusses line-by-line embedded transmission pricing methodologies. It introduces concepts of deregulating the electric power industry and defines wheeling as transmitting electricity from a seller to buyer through a third party transmission network. It discusses different wheeling cost computation methodologies, including embedded and incremental cost approaches. It focuses on explaining the "line-by-line" embedded methodology in detail and how it can be used to calculate wheeling costs by allocating all existing and new transmission system costs to wheeling customers.
Proportionally fair scheduling for traffic light networks
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
techTransmission usage and cost allocation using shapley value and tracing me...
In the deregulated power system, transmission pricing has become a very important task because it is necessary to develop an efficient, feasible and reliable pricing scheme that can generate the useful economic signals to network users such as generating companies, transmission companies, distribution companies and customers. The objective of this paper is to compare transmission usage and cost allocation scheme to loads (and/or generators) based on Shapley value method and power flow tracing method.Modified Kirchhoff matrix is used for power flow tracing. A comparison is done between the both methods.
A case study based on sample 6 bus power system is applied to check the feasibility and reliability of the proposed usage and cost allocation methodology.
Qo s parameters for obs network
Abstract In optical circuit switching the high values of blocking probability is resolved by dynamic wavelength routing algorithms with wavelength conversion. The aim of this paper is to study these algorithms. Then the algorithm is selected which gives good results with and without wavelength conversion. The selected algorithm is then checked for other parameters of networking namely throughput, packet delivery ratio, and delay. A comparative study is then carried out for increasing traffic. We try to prove that these algorithms satisfy the criteria of QoS parameters by this comparative study. The results of simulation show that the parameters follow the trend of blocking probability of the selected algorithm. Keywords: optical burst switching, throughput, packet delivery ratio, delay.
Performance evaluation of various cooperative spectrum sensing algorithms for...
Performance evaluation of various cooperative spectrum sensing algorithms for...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.DYNAMIC CONGESTION CONTROL IN WDM OPTICAL NETWORK
This paper is based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networking. In this optical networking, prior to data transfer, lightpath establishment between source and
destination nodes is usually carried out through a wavelength reservation protocol. This wavelength is reserved corresponding to a route between the source and destination and the
route is chosen following any standard routing protocol based on shortest path. The backward reservation protocol is implemented initially. A fixed connected and weighted network is
considered. The inputs of this implementation are the fixed network itself and its corresponding shortest path matrix. After this initial level of implementation, the average node usage over a time period is calculated and various thresholds for node usage are considered. Above threshold value, request arriving at that path selects its next shortest path. This concept is
implemented on various wavelengths. The output represents the performance issues of dynamic congestion control.
Similar to Philosophy of sharing of inter-State transmission charges by PoC method (20)
ACTIVE POWER AND COST ALLOCATION IN OPEN ACCESS ENVIRONMENT UTILIZING POWER F...
ACTIVE POWER AND COST ALLOCATION IN OPEN ACCESS ENVIRONMENT UTILIZING POWER F...
Congestion Management Approaches in Deregulated Electricity Market: A Compreh...
Congestion Management Approaches in Deregulated Electricity Market: A Compreh...
IRJET- Transmission Line Congestion Management using Hybrid Fish-Bee Algorith...
IRJET- Transmission Line Congestion Management using Hybrid Fish-Bee Algorith...
Power Grid's Inter-State transmission charges in India
Power Grid's Inter-State transmission charges in India
Challenges, Issues and Research directions in Optical Burst Switching
Challenges, Issues and Research directions in Optical Burst Switching
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Resource Allocation in MIMO – OFDM Communication System under Signal Strength...
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Market Based Criteria for Congestion Management and Transmission Pricing
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Design, implementation and evaluation of icmp based available network bandwid...
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Cost Allocation of Reactive Power Using Matrix Methodology in Transmission Ne...
Proportionally fair scheduling for traffic light networks
Proportionally fair scheduling for traffic light networks
techTransmission usage and cost allocation using shapley value and tracing me...
techTransmission usage and cost allocation using shapley value and tracing me...
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Power procurement through TBCB for Bundle Generation
The document provides guidelines for a tariff-based competitive bidding process to procure round-the-clock power from grid-connected renewable energy projects complemented with power from coal-based thermal power projects. Under the guidelines, generators will supply dispatchable renewable power balanced with thermal power to maintain at least 85% annual availability. A single composite tariff will be quoted for the renewable and thermal energy. The bidding parameter will be this composite tariff, and the bidder quoting the lowest tariff will be selected. The minimum capacity that can be offered is 250 MW to achieve economies of scale.
Comments on CERC's sharing of inter-State transmission charges & losses regul...
Envisage 22% of the daily revenue requirement for a bus is shared among the passengers on the basis of distance traveled and rest is allocated uniformly without considering distance traveled. Application of national postage stamp method for sharing of transmission charges and losses bears similar logic. These regulations can be challenged in High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution of India.
Derivatives Contracts in Indian Electricity Market
Supreme Court is overseeing the issue of electricity futures jurisdiction between SEBI and CERC. SEBI is expected to oversee the functioning of all financially traded electricity forwards while CERC would regulate physically settled forward where electricity is delivered on future date at the contracted price.
Once future trading is started, power exchanges would be in a position to offer derivative instruments to participants. This could be electricity futures with a clear delivery based schedule (delivery at a price on future date) and other derivative instruments such as call and put options. This will help both generators and consumers to mitigate risks by hedging their positions through derivative instruments.
Towards a whole sale electricity market in India
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Expert group constituted by CERC proposes draft IEGC 2020
The draft IEGC 2020 proposes further measures to strengthen grid security and resilience and renewable integration. The planning code has been thoroughly overhauled including generation resource planning (flexibility, ramping and minimum turndown level).
Introduction of Real Time Electricity Martket in India
The document summarizes India's new Real Time Electricity Market. Key points:
- The market operates on a half-hourly basis, allowing buyers and sellers to place bids for each 15 minute time block.
- Generators with long-term contracts must share 50% of net gains from this market with distribution companies.
- The market gives distribution companies an alternative for accessing power at competitive prices in real time and generators a way to sell unused capacity.
- It is intended to provide a flexible platform for distribution companies to meet real-time energy needs compared to the existing bilateral contracting system.
Comments on draft cerc sharing of transmission charges and losses regulations...
CERC's draft inter-State Transmission Charges and Losses Regulations proposes socialization of expenditure of national interest with creation of cross subsidy against present Tariff Policy. Proposal of sharing of YTC of HVDC elements by postage stamp method is truly illogical. It is understood from Para 13 of the Jha Committee Report that merely 22% of the total YTC is proposed to be shared by hybrid method which measures sensitivity of distance, direction and quantum of power flow. Rest of the YTC will be shared by postage stamp method allowing cross subsidy ignoring the fact that postage stamp method is suitable for small area only.
Tariff Based Competitive Bidding (TBCB) for Intra-State Transmission Projects
As per Para 5.3 of Tariff Policy 2016, intra-state transmission projects shall be developed by the State Governments through competitive bidding process for projects costing above a threshold limit which shall be decided by the State Commissions. State has been given option either to use VGF based MTA document of Planning Commission or the Standard Bidding Document of Ministry of Power for procurement of intra-state transmission services. For the VGF based bidding, the unitary charges will require to be approved by the State Commissions prior to bidding. The above said guidelines are for procurement of transmission services to select transmission service provider for a new transmission line. A transmission charges for providing transmission service and O&M required for the various transmission elements shall form the basis for bidding. Under the MTA, it has been decided that the prospective bidders would be awarded projects on the basis of lowest grant sought or highest premium offered.
বিদ্যুত বিলের নিয়ম-কানুন ও বিল কমানোর কিছু উপায়
ভারতের বিদ্যুত আইন 2003 অনুসারে তৈরী পশ্চিম বাংলার বাড়ির মিটার, বিল ইত্যাদি বিষয়ে আইনের নাম হল ওয়েস্ট বেঙ্গল ইলেকট্রিসিটি রেগুলেটরি কমিশন (ইলেকট্রিসিটি সাপ্লাই কোড) রেগুলেশনস, 2013 তারই কিছু কিছু নিয়ম সাধারণ মানুষের বোঝবার সুবিধের জন্যে সহজ প্রচলিত বাংলা ও ইংরিজী ভাসায় বাংলা হরফে লিখেছেন শ্রী অমিতাভ নাগ | লেখক পশ্চিম বাঙলার সরকারী ট্রান্সমিশন কোম্পানিতে দশ বছর যাবত বিদ্যুত আইন নিয়ে কাজ করছেন |
How you can get a higher pension from EPFO beyond ceiling limit?
The document summarizes the provisions around obtaining full pension benefits from the Employees' Pension Scheme 1995. Key points:
1. The scheme originally limited maximum pensionable salary but later allowed option for higher contributions on joint request.
2. Recent court rulings have overturned amendments capping contributions, allowing joint requests to be based on actual salary rather than caps.
3. A joint request form is provided for employees and employers to opt into higher contributions from the scheme's inception in 1995.
Electricity Act 2003 and its proposed amendments
This document provides an overview of the history and development of electricity regulation in India. It discusses the major Electricity Acts and policies passed from 1910 onwards, including the Electricity Act of 2003 which consolidated laws around electricity generation, transmission, distribution and use. The document also outlines the key features and chapters of the 2003 Act, as well as subsequent amendments. It describes the roles of central and state governments, regulatory commissions, and other authorities in establishing rules and regulations for the electricity sector in India.
Chronology of Indian Power Sector's Development
The document provides a chronological overview of the development of the Indian power sector from 1879 to 2018. It outlines key milestones such as the enactment of early electricity acts in the late 1800s, the establishment of state electricity boards in the 1940s-1950s, the introduction of policies promoting private sector participation in the 1990s-2000s, and the enactment of the Electricity Act of 2003 which restructured the sector. Major events covered include the expansion of generation, transmission, and distribution infrastructure across India over this period.
From centralised long-term planning to market-based access: Proposed change i...
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Philosophy of sharing of inter-State transmission charges by PoC method
- 2. How transmission charge depends on measure of utilization? Pricing basically depends on the method of measuring the utilization as under: 1. Average utilization of the transmission assets 2. Marginal utilization of the transmission assets
- 3. What is efficient pricing? Pricing of a commodity or service is considered as efficient when marginal cost of utilization of the underlying resources that are used is reflected.
- 4. How efficient pricing works for Transmission of Electricity? It tries to identify how much power that flows through each of the lines in the system is due to the existence of a certain network user and charge it according to the measure of utilization.
- 5. What are MP & AP methods? • Utilization of the Transmission Network is generally determined in terms of either average or marginal utilization of the Transmission Assets. • Depending upon the method of capturing the utilization, it is called MP (marginal participation) or AP (average participation) method.
- 6. What is the basic theory behind MP method? Kirchhoff’s current law is the basic theory behind Marginal Participation method
- 7. What is the basic behind AP method? “proportionate tracing method” proposed by Kirschen in 1996 is the basic behind Average Participation method.
- 8. What is done in MP method? • It analyzes how the flows in the grid are modified when minor changes are introduced in the production or consumption of any agent. • Total participation for each agent are calculated as a product of its net injection by its marginal participation. • Cost of each line is allocated pro-rata to the agents according to total participation in the line.
- 9. Which are the countries follow MP method? UK, Norway, Brazil, Columbia use MP method with modification to their need.
- 10. What is Hybrid method? 1 MW injection or withdrawal in a bus is compensated by other buses called slack buses. These slack buses are selected by AP method by constructing physical paths for generator or demand node. Then burden of transmission charges or losses on each node is computed.
- 11. What is PoC? • Recovery of the cost of line from an entity in proportion to the extend of usage. • Aggregation of entity’s usage cost and division by MWs injected or consumed and time duration leads to Point of Connection tariff (PoC).
- 12. Why Hybrid method accepted as suitable for India? The criticism of the MP method that the results are dependent on the choice of the slack bus is removed in hybrid method by selecting slack buses by AP method.
- 13. E N D