The 21st century in literature refers to world literature produced during the 21st century. The measure of years is, for the purpose of this article, literature written from (roughly) the year 2001 to the present.

15. • Is a body of
written works.
• Originated from
oral traditions.
• Are imaginative
works.
• Deals with stories
and poetry.
•The content
depends on the
author.

16. Three Points Of Literature
• Literature portrays human experience.
• Authors interpret these human experiences.
• It is an art form and a style of expression.

17. At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
• Identify various dimensions of Philippine literary history from
precolonial to contemporary;
• Enumerate differences between and among periods of Philippine
literature as presented by geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions;
• Show appreciation of the early and contemporary forms of Philippine
literature.
What you are expected to learn

24. Japanese and American
Period
• Kahapon, ngayon, at
bukas -Kapangpangan
• Ang Mga Tunuksan Isa Ca
Bulacalac -Visaya
Pre-colonial
Ida-Ida- Maguidanao
Ibanag- Tagalog
Lullabyes or ili-ili- Ilongo
Ambahan- Mangyan
Harana- Cebuano
Kissa- Tausug
Spanish and Period of
Enlightenment
Awit and Korido- Tagalog
Lagaylay- Sorsogon
THE MORO-MORO-
Mindanao

27. Literary Forms:
• Bugtong was a riddle that used talinhaga, or metaphor that
actually helped convey the answer to riddle. These are
statements that contain superficial words, but they function
figuratively and as metaphors, and are in the form of
questions.
Bisaya
Baboy sa lasang, (A wild pig of the forest,)
Ang tunok puro lansang. (Is covered with
spikes.)
: Nangka (Jackfruit)

28. Literary Forms:

29. • Folk Songs- these are folk lyrics that are
usually chanted.
Examples:
Lullabies- these is locally known as the
Hele. These are sung to put to sleep babies.
The content varies, but usually, parents sing
these with ideas on how hard life is and
how they hope that their child will not
experience the hardships of life.
Drinking Songs- these are locally known as
Tagay and are sung during drinking
sessions.

31. The oral works are able to translate in
Written Work through The use of
SYLLABARY called ALIBATA.

33. • Sawikain or (salawikain) were proverbs
that were used to express pieces of wisdom
or beliefs that were important to Filipino
society.

34. • Epiko or (epic) were long, episodic, chanted poems
which told a story, normally about a legendary hero
and his adventures, often contending with, and also
being aided by, supernatural creatures and spirits.
With the passage of time Oral Literature becomes
Lengthy and this long forms Was the epic such as:
Examples:
Biag ni Lam-ang (Ilocanos)
Alim and Hudhud (Ifugaos)
Kumintang (Tagalog)
Ibalon (Bicolanos)

41. 1521-1898 The SPANISH Period
•The start of the Philippine's more colorful
history took place in March 6, 1521 when
Ferdinand Magellan docked on the shores
of Homonhon.
 More productive part of the period
 The propagandist raised led by Dr. Jose
Rizal batted For ASSIMILATION

42. •Ferdinand Magellan is the one who
Discovered Philippines
•The mission of Spanish Friars is to
spread the CHRISTIANITY

43. Literary forms:
•LEGENDS. Legends are a form of prose the
common theme of which is about the origin of
a thing, place, location or name. The events
are imaginary, devoid of truth and
unbelievable. Old Filipino customs are reflected
in these legends.

44. Spanish Influences On Philippine Literature
• The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman
alphabet.
• The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious
practices.
• The Spanish language which became the literary language during this
time lent many of its words to our language.
• European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in
our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
• Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other
dialects.
• Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano
and Visayan.

48. TRANSLATE
IT!

49. Bakit hindi ako pwedeng
sumama sa iyo?

50. Ano’ng dapat kong gawin?

51. Pakitawagan ako pagdating
mo ng bahay

55. 1900-1942 The AMERICAN Period
• After having been colonized by the Spaniards, a new set of
colonizers brought about new changes in Philippine
literature. Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino
writers to write using English language. English as medium
of instruction was introduced in the schools as intellectual
language of education. Jose Garcia Villa became famous for
his free verse. Angela Manalang Gloria used free verse in
writing her poetry about illicit love.

57. Plays written during the period
• Kahapon , Ngayon, at Bukas-
Written by Aurelio Tolentino
depicting the suppression done
by the Americans and their plan
to colonize the Philippines.

58. 1941-1945 The JAPANESE Period
• Between 1941-1945, Philippine Literature was interrupted
in its development when the Philippines was again
conquered by another foreign country, Japan. Philippine
literature in English came to a halt. Except for the TRIBUNE
and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW, almost all newspapers in
English were stopped by the Japanese.

59. FILIPINO POETRY DURING THIS
PERIOD
The Common Theme Of Most Poems
During The Japanese Occupation Was
Nationalism, Country, Love, And Life In
The Barrios, Faith, Religion And The Arts.

60. HAIKU
•-Short descriptive poem about
nature –
•Consisting 17 syllables –
•5 syllables in the first line –
•7 syllables in the second line –
•5 syllables in the third line

62. •Tanaga – like the Haiku, is
short but it had measure and
rhyme. Each line had 17
syllables and it’s also
allegorical in meaning.

64. What’s more
DIRECTIONS: Describe the changes happened in our
literature from Pre-colonial Period to Japanese Period. Put
emphasis on the language used and the influences
contributed by Americans, Japanese and Spaniards in
the Philippine literature.
ACTIVITY 2:

66. What I can do
ACTIVITY 3:
ACTIVITY 3:

67. DIRECTIONS: Make a gratitude letter addressed to ilustrados indicating
the importance of their writings in the attainment of nation’s freedom
and in the development of Philippine literature. Use the template
provided in the answer sheet.

68. Assessment
I. Directions: Identify the literary historical period as
described by geographic, linguistic, and ethnic
dimensions. Shade the circle of the correct answer.

69. 1. Chant (Bulong) was used in witchcraft or
enchantment especially in far places in Visayas.
a) Japanese Period
b) Rebirth of Freedom
c) Pre-Spanish Period
d) Period of Enlightenment
2. Haiku, is short with a measure and rhyme
consisting of 17 syllables which had favorable
diminishing effect to Tagalog literature.
a) New Society Period
b) American Period
c) 21st Century Period
d) 3rd Republic

70. 3. Lagaylay was used in a special occasion for the Pilareños of
Sorsogon during May time to get together.
a) Spanish Period
b) New Society Period
c) Pre-Spanish Period
d) Period of 3rd Republic
4. EL NUEVO DIA (The New Day) was established by
Sergio Osmeña in 1900. The American censors twice banned
this and threatened Osmeña with banishment because of his
nationalistic writings.
a) Spanish Period
b) New Society Period
c) Pre-Spanish Period
d) Period of 3rd Republic

71. 5. The Moro-moro is presented on a special stage.
This is performed during town fiestas to entertain the
people and to remind them of their Christian religion.
a) Spanish Period
b) New Society Period
c) Pre-Spanish Period
d) Period of 3rd Republic
II. Directions: Use the ticket on the next page to write your
reflection about the discussion we have had. Write 2 new
things you’ve learned, 2 realizations you’ve formed, and 1
question in mind. Use the space provided in the answer
sheet.(5pts)
 2 learnings
 2 realizations
 1 question

72. Which category in 21st Century skills
do you think the core of our topic falls
in? (Communication, collaboration,
creativity, critical thinking,
productivity, leadership and
technology literacy). Explain why.
What I can show