1. The document describes several endemic animal species found in the Philippines, including the tamaraw buffalo, Visayan spotted deer, Philippine warty pig, Philippine mouse deer, Philippine pangolin, Philippine eagle, Philippine tarsier, giant golden-crowned flying fox, and Cordilleran ground wrabler. 2. For each species, details are provided on their scientific name, physical description, and natural habitats and locations within the Philippines. 3. The species described are endemic to different islands in the Philippines and inhabit forests, grasslands, and mountainous areas across the archipelago.

1. FAUNA
 are defined as the animals characteristic of a particular time period or
a particular location. It refers to the animals.
Common Name: Tamaraw
Scientific Name: Bubalus mindorensis
Description
A small hoofed mammal belonging to the family Bovidae. The tamaraw
is a small, stocky buffalo. Adults are grayish-black in color, with a darker line
running along the spine and white markings on the insides of the forelegs.
Lighter markings are also found above the eyes, where they form
"eyebrows". Some tamaraw have white spots on their lower cheeks and/or a
white crescent on the throat. Both males and females have a pair of
relatively straight, backward-pointing horns which are extremely stout. Each
horn is very wide and triangular at the base and remains very thick for most
of the length - only towards the sharp tips do they become narrower and
more rounded in cross section. The horns of males tend to be longer and
thicker than those of females, growing up to 51 cm long.
Distribution/Locations
The tamaraw is endemic to the Philippine island of Mindoro (9,735
km2 in area), with a total range estimated to be less than 300
km2 (Hedges et al., 2008). While formerly widespread across the island, this
species is now believed to occupy only three areas: Mount Iglit-Baco
National Park (within the Iglit range), Mount Aruyan/Sablayan, and Mount
Calavite Tamaraw Preserve (Hedges et al., 2008). In the Pleistocene Epoch
(at least 11,000 years ago), the tamaraw was also found on the island of
Luzon (Beyer, 1957 in Kuehn, 1986).

2. Common Name: Visayan spotted deer / Philippine spotted deer
Scientific Name: Cervus alfredi
Description
it is small, short-legged deer is the largest endemic species of the
west Visayan islands of the Philippines and is easily distinguished from
other Philippine deer by the distinctive pattern of buff-coloured spots
scattered across its dark brown back and sides. The underparts are a
creamy colour with white fur on the chin and lower lip, contrasting sharply
with the otherwise deep brown face and neck. The head is a slightly lighter
shade of brown than the body, and the eyes are surrounded by a ring of
paler fur . As is typical of most cervids, only males bear antlers, which are
bumpy and relatively short and stout at around 20 centimetres in length .
Males can also be distinguished from females by their much larger overall
size
Distribution/Locations
The Visayan spotted deer formerly occurred throughout the dense
tropical forests of the Visayan Islands. Visayan spotted deer were mostly
found on the mountain ranges of Cebu, Guimaras, Leyte, Masbate, Negros,
Panay, and Samar island.

3. Common Name: Philippine warty pig
Scientific Name: Susphilippensis
Description
The robustly built Philippine warty pig has a coarse, bristly, blackish
coat with a scattering of silvery white hairs on the sides. Long, stiff hairs
form a crest running down the middle of the back, which is particularly
conspicuous in males during the breeding season when if forms a prominent
mane over the head crest and neck. The medium-length tail has a tuft of
long, black hairs at the tip, used to swat away flies and signal mood. The
Philippine warty pig has a long snout, terminating in a flat, mobile disc with
the nostrils in the centre . The teeth are well-developed, with the large
upper and lower canines forming laterally and upwardly protruding tusks in
males . It has relatively small eyes and ears, and its narrow feet have four
toes, but only the two central toes are used for walking .
Distribution/Locations
In general, the original distribution of S. philippensis covered the
western islands of the Philippines, while the original distribution of S.
cebifrons covered the central and eastern islands.
Specifically, the range of Philippine warty pigs
included Luzon, Biliran, Samar, Leyte, Mindoro, Mindanao, Jolo, Polillo, Cata
nduanes, and possibly other islands. Moreover, it was formerly found in most
habitats (from sea level to up to 2800 m) but is now confined to remote
forests due to loss of habitat and heavy hunting by noose traps or trigger set
bullets.Wild pigs have been reported in Bohol and Sibuyan, although it is
unclear whether these populations are S. cebifrons or S. philippensis.

4. Common Name: Philippine mouse deer / Pilandok
Scientific Name: Tragulus nigricans
Description
is a small,nocturnal ruminant, in stature (Rabor, 1977). This species is
smaller than T. napu from neighbouring Borneo (Meijaard and Groves,
2004). Head and body length for T. nigricans is approximately 40-50 cm;
shoulder height is approximately 18 cm. It has a black and brown coat with
white stripes on the throat and chest. Each individual hair has sections of
different colors - the base is generally light (ranging from white to ashy
brown), with a tawny, orange, or brown midsection, and a long black tip.
Distribution/Locations
This species is endemic to the Philippines, where it is known only from
Balabac, Bugsuk and Ramos Islands (Oliver 1993, Heaney et al. 2002, Grubb
2005). It has also been introduced to Apulit and Calauit Island (Meijaard and
Groves 2004, Rico and Oliver 2008).

5. Common Name: Philippine / Palawan Pangolin
Scientific Name: Manis culionensis
Description
Philippine pangolins, like all pangolins, are arboreal and terrestrial
quadrupeds. Resembling armored anteaters, they have an elongated snout,
a round body, and a long, prehensile tail. Their body is covered with pointed,
overlapping scales that are dark in color and made of keratin. However, their
nose, eyes, and underbelly are not armored in this way. They also possess
large, sharp claws on their forelimbs and a long, thin tongue coated with
adhesive saliva. Infant pangolins have scales that are soft and light in color
that harden as they mature. Philippine pangolins on average weigh 1.8 to
2.4 kg and measure 58 to 176 cm in length.
Distribution/Locations
Philippine pangolins, Manis culionensis, are endemic to four Phillippine
islands: Palawan, Busuanga, Culion, and Calauit. They have also been
introduced to the island of Apulit. (Batin and Widmann, 2008).
They are found in lowland forests, grasslands, agricultural areas, and
mosaics thereof.

6. Common Name: Philippine Eagle
Scientific Name: Pithecophaga jefferyi
Description
The Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) is the world's largest
eagle, and one of the most threatened raptors. The male and female
Philippine eagle are similar in appearance, possessing a creamy white belly
and underwing, whilst the upperparts are a rich chocolate-brown, with a
paler edge. The long feathers of the head and nape form a distinctive,
shaggy crest and are creamy-buff in colour with black streaks. Philippine
eagle chicks have white down, and juveniles are similar in appearance to
adults but have white margins to the feathers on the back and upperwing.
The Philippine eagle has heavy, yellow legs with large, powerful claws, and
the large, deep bill is a bluish-grey.
Distribution/Locations
The Philippine eagle is endemic to the Philippines and can be found on
four major islands: eastern Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao. The largest
numbers of eagles reside on Mindanao, with between 82 and 233 breeding
pairs. Only six pairs are found on Samar, two on Leyte, and a few on Luzon.
It can be found in Northern Sierra Madre National Park on Luzon and Mount
Apo, Mount Malindang, and Mount Kitanglad National Parks on Mindanao.
This eagle is found in dipterocarp and midmontane forests, particularly
in steep areas. Its elevation ranges from the lowlands to mountains of over
1,800 m (5,900 ft). Only an estimated 9,220 km2 (2,280,000 acres) of old-
growth forest remain in the bird's range.[7] However, its total estimated
range is about 146,000 km2 (56,000 sq mi)

7. Common Name: Philippine Tarsier
Scientific Name: Tarsius syrichta or Carlito syrichta
Description
The Philippine tarsier has a gray fur and a nearly naked tail. The
middle finger is elongated. Head and body length are around 118-149 mm;
It weighs 113-142 grams. Males are larger than females. The most notable
feature of this extraordinary looking primate is its enormous eyes; tarsiers
have the biggest eyes relative to their body weight of any mammal. As well
as huge eyes, the Philippine tarsier has large, membranous ears set on its
rounded head. It has short forelimbs, but greatly elongated hindlimbs, a
feature which is reflected in this species name as tarsier refers to the
elongated tarsal or ankle region. Its long digits culminate in rounded pads
that provide the tarsier with effective grip on any surface. The
fully opposable first toes also help the tarsier grip to slender branches. All
the fingers and toes have flattened nails, except for the second and third
toes which have claw-like nails used in grooming. The Philippine tarsier has
wavy fur with a silky texture, ranging in colour on the upperparts from buff
or greyish-brown to dark brown. The fur on the underparts is buff, greyish
or slate . The tail is naked apart from a few short hairs on the tip, and is
used as an extra support when clinging to an upright branch
Distribution/Locations
The Philippine tarsier, as its name suggests, is endemic to the
Philippine archipelago C. syrichta populations are generally found in the
southeastern part of the archipelago. Established populations are present
primarily on the islands of Bohol, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao. It has also
been found on various isolated islands within its known range, such as
Maripipi Island, Siargao Island, Basilan Island and Dinagat Island.

8. Common Name: Giant golden-crowned flying fox
Scientific Name: Acerodon jubatus
Description
Size: The wingspan length of these bats can be anything between 1.5
to 1.7 metres. Their head and body height varies between 178 and 290 mm.
Weight: Not much heavy in proportion to their size weighing only
between 0.7 and 1.2 kg.
Body Color: The golden cap, along with an orangish-yellow part at the
back of their neck, contrast with the brownish-black fur on the rest of the
head and the reddish-brown fur on the back.
Wings: Wings are exceptionally large and holds the forearms that
vary between 125 and 203 mm.
Eyes: Eyes are specifically large, very much like that of a dog or a fox
with a face of its size.
Distribution/Locations
The Giant Golden-Crowned Flying-Fox is found only in the Philippines,
though not spread all across the country. Their location is limited to a few
islands namely, Luzon, Polillo, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Bohol, Boracay,
Cebu, and Leyte.
They live in deep caves as well as in the rainforests.

9. Common Name: Cordilleran Ground Wrabler
Scientific Name: Robsonius rabori
Description
The robsonius rabori reaches a length of 20–22 centimeters when it
matures. It has rather notable long legs and a long bill. Its feathers tipped
dusky brown and it has a rusty-chestnut head with a thin whitish eye ring
with a small area of bare gray skin behind the eye. Its throat is white and
has black tips on the outside of it. The breast is a medium neutral gray, with
feather shafts slightly paler and a white belly. It also has chestnut wings to
dark brown wings with each feather tucked in so it appears mostly chestnut
when folded. The bird sings very high-pitched songs which often last
between approximately 1.6 and 2.2 seconds.
Distribution/Locations
The Cordillera ground warbler are found in the Luzon Island complex.
They are found in the northern Luzon in the Cordillera Central and the
northern Sierra Madre. Typically, they remain within low-land forest and
secondary growth areas, between sea-level and 1300m.