Phenol & Aniline
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Phenol and aniline are organic compounds derived from benzene. Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, contains a hydroxyl group bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon. It can be prepared through oxidation of benzene, cumene, chlorobenzene, or diazonium salts. Phenol undergoes acylation, halogenation, carboxylation, and other reactions. Its structure exhibits resonance. Aniline contains an amino group bonded to a phenyl group. It can be prepared from nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, or benzoic acid. Aniline undergoes various substitution and addition reactions. Its structure also exhibits resonance, contributing to its weak basicity.
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This document presents information about the Perkin reaction, which was discovered in the 19th century by English chemist William Henry Perkin. The Perkin reaction is an aldol condensation that converts an aromatic aldehyde and an acid anhydride to an alpha beta unsaturated cinnamic acid. It involves a four step mechanism - abstraction of alpha hydrogen from the acid anhydride, attack of the carbanion on the carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde, an intramolecular acetyl shift, and loss of the acetate ion to form the unsaturated carboxylic acid product. The Perkin reaction is used to synthesize cinnamic acids, phytoestrogens, stilbenes, and resver
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1. Phenol can be prepared through several methods including the Dow process involving chlorobenzene, cumene oxidation, and from coal tar.
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439131997-PHENOL-pptx (1).pptx.pdf
This document discusses phenol, including its introduction, nomenclature, preparation, reactions, safety measures, waste treatment, and removal from wastewater. Key points include:
- Phenol contains an -OH group directly attached to an aryl group and forms stronger hydrogen bonds than alcohols.
- Common phenols are named using either trivial names or IUPAC nomenclature specifying substituents.
- Phenol is prepared through hydrolysis of chlorobenzene, oxidation of isopropylbenzene, or diazotization of an arylamine.
- Phenols undergo oxidation to quinones or electrophilic aromatic substitution, and are used to make phenol
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This document presents information about the Perkin reaction, which was discovered in the 19th century by English chemist William Henry Perkin. The Perkin reaction is an aldol condensation that converts an aromatic aldehyde and an acid anhydride to an alpha beta unsaturated cinnamic acid. It involves a four step mechanism - abstraction of alpha hydrogen from the acid anhydride, attack of the carbanion on the carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde, an intramolecular acetyl shift, and loss of the acetate ion to form the unsaturated carboxylic acid product. The Perkin reaction is used to synthesize cinnamic acids, phytoestrogens, stilbenes, and resver
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Benzil benzilic acid rearrangement
Benzilic acid rearrangement. The benzilic acid rearrangement is formally the 1,2-rearrangement of 1,2-diketones to form α-hydroxy–carboxylic acids using a base. This reaction receives its name from the reaction of benzil with potassium hydroxide to form benzilic acid.
Naphthalene
1) Naphthalene consists of two benzene rings fused together in the ortho position.
2) It is obtained from coal tar and purified by distillation.
3) Naphthalene undergoes substitution and oxidation reactions. Common substitution products include nitro-, amino-, and sulfonated-naphthalenes. Oxidation of naphthalene produces phthalic acid.
Preparation and reaction of phenol
1. Phenol can be prepared through several methods including the Dow process involving chlorobenzene, cumene oxidation, and from coal tar.
2. Phenol undergoes various reactions including forming salts with bases, esterification, ether formation, halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, and the Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
3. The Kolbe-Schmitt or Kolbe process involves heating sodium phenoxide with carbon dioxide under pressure to form sodium salicylate, which is then acidified to form salicylic acid.
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Unit 1- Effects of substituents on Mono substituted benzene Ring
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Similar to Phenol & Aniline
Phenols
This document provides an overview of phenols, including their preparation from haloarenes, benzene sulphonic acid, diazonium salts, and cumene. It describes the physical properties of phenols, such as their higher boiling points compared to hydrocarbons due to hydrogen bonding. Several reactions of phenols are also outlined, including Kolbe's reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Fries rearrangement, acetylation, nitration, halogenation, and their reaction with bromine water. Finally, the document lists some common uses of phenols as precursors for plastics, drugs, disinfectants, and in molecular biology techniques.
439131997-PHENOL-pptx (1).pptx.pdf
This document discusses phenol, including its introduction, nomenclature, preparation, reactions, safety measures, waste treatment, and removal from wastewater. Key points include:
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- Common phenols are named using either trivial names or IUPAC nomenclature specifying substituents.
- Phenol is prepared through hydrolysis of chlorobenzene, oxidation of isopropylbenzene, or diazotization of an arylamine.
- Phenols undergo oxidation to quinones or electrophilic aromatic substitution, and are used to make phenol
Aromatic compounds
This document discusses aromatic compounds and benzene chemistry. It begins by introducing aromatic hydrocarbons and noting they have different properties than aliphatic hydrocarbons. Benzene, the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, is described as having posed problems for early chemists to determine its structure. Kekulé proposed benzene has alternating single and double bonds, but this did not explain its chemical behavior. The resonance structure of benzene is able to account for its reactivity. The document continues discussing nomenclature of aromatic compounds with different numbers of substituents on the benzene ring. Characteristic reactions of benzene like halogenation and nitration are also covered. Phenols are introduced as aromatic compounds containing an -OH group
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Phenol for JEE/NEET/OUAT
Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is an organic compound consisting of a hydroxyl group bonded directly to an aromatic benzene ring. It is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic pungent odor. Phenol was first discovered in 1834 by Runge through the extraction of coal tar. It is used as an antiseptic, in the production of plastics and detergents, and as a precursor in drugs and other pharmaceutical products due to its disinfectant properties.
Presentation on phenol.pptx
Phenols are aromatic compounds containing one or more OH groups directly attached to carbon atoms in a benzene ring. Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is the simplest phenol. Phenols are more acidic than alcohols due to resonance stabilization of the phenoxide ion. They can be prepared through processes like the hydrolysis of chlorobenzene, from diazonium salts, or through the oxidation of cumene. Phenols react to form salts, esters, and show color changes with iron chloride. They have uses as disinfectants, in plastics production, and as wood preservatives.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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- 1. Topic : Phenol & Aniline Presented by: Mohabbat Mandal Presented to: ID:171-150-0-155 Laudmila Haque Mehedi Hasan Naim Sr. Lecturer of Environmental Science ID:171-151-0-155 BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology Afrana Anam Any ID:171-152-0-155 Shahadat Hossain ID:171-153-0-155 Kamrul Islam Omi ID:171-154-0-155
- 2. Content 1. Introduction 2. Phenol Preparations 3. Reactions with Phenol 4. Resonance of Phenol 5. Aniline Preparation 6. Reactions of Aniline 7. Resonance of Aniline
- 3. Phenol • In organic chemistry, a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol, which is also called carbolic acid 𝐶6 𝐻5OH. Aniline • Aniline is an organic compound consisting of a phenyl group(C6H5) attached to an amino group (—NH2) .The formula is C6H5NH2.
- 4. Phenol Preparations benzene sulfonic acid chlorobenzene cumene diazonium salts Acidic Oxidation From Sodium Hydroxide or by Base From Sodium Hydroxide/ Chlorobenzene/Daw process By Hydrolysis 650k, 300atm
- 5. Reactions with Phenol (Aryl ketone via C-acylation, a Friedel-Crafts reaction) (ester via O-acylation, an esterification) Acylation of Phenols Halogenation Carboxylation of Phenol Aspirin Acyl chloride
- 6. Resonance of Phenol Phenol is acidic in nature. It will lose Hydrogen cation to form Phenoxide ion which is more stable than Phenol. Resonance structures of Phenol:
- 7. Aniline Preparation From Nitrobenzene From chlorobenzene From Benzoic acid
- 9. 4.
- 10. Resonance of Aniline Basicity: Aniline is a weak base. ... Traditionally, the weak basicity of aniline is attributed to a combination of inductive effect from the more electronegative sp2 carbon and resonance effects, as the lone pair on the nitrogen is partially delocalized into the pi system of the benzene ring.
- 11. Thank you