The rural-urban socioecological transformation of Mediterranean mountain areas under global change. Local studies in Olzinelles and Matadepera (Barcelona Metropolitan Region)
Seminário 4 egerton-warburton_et_al-2000-ecological_applications_mycorrhiza (2)Carlos Alberto Monteiro
This document summarizes a study that evaluated shifts in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities along an anthropogenic nitrogen deposition gradient in coastal sage scrub vegetation in southern California. The researchers found that increasing nitrogen input was associated with displacement of larger-spored AM fungi species by proliferation of small-spored Glomus species. There was also a reduction in AM species richness and diversity, as well as decreases in spore abundance, root infection, and changes in spore production timing in more nitrogen-enriched sites. A fertilization experiment yielded similar results, indicating that nitrogen input likely explains the relationship between pollution and shifts in the AM communities.
1) There was a positive relationship between local and regional plant species richness in tallgrass prairie, but this relationship varied with grazing, topography, and fire frequency.
2) Experimental removal of the dominant grass Andropogon scoparius resulted in a significant increase in local species richness compared to reference plots.
3) Overall species richness was higher in grazed areas compared to ungrazed areas, but grazing did not significantly affect the relationship between number of sites occupied and average abundance across the landscape.
Reforestation is one of the Philippines’ government efforts to restore and rehabilitate degraded mangrove ecosystems. Although there is recovery of the ecosystem in terms of vegetation, the recovery of closely-linked faunal species in terms of community structure is still understudied. This research investigates the community structure of mangrove crabs under two different management schemes: protected mangroves and reforested mangroves. The transect-plot method was employed in each management scheme to quantify the vegetation, crab assemblages and environmental variables. Community composition of crabs and mangrove trees were compared between protected and reforested mangroves using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and analysis of similarity in PRIMER 6. Chi-squared was used to test the variance of sex ration of the crabs. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was used to determine the relationship between crabs and environmental parameters. A total of twelve species of crabs belonging to six families were identified in protected mangroves while only four species were documented in reforested mangroves. Perisesarma indiarum and Baptozius vinosus were the most dominant species in protected and reforested mangrove, respectively. Univariate analysis of variance of crab assemblage data revealed significant differences in crab composition and abundance between protected mangroves and from reforested mangroves (P<0.05).><0.05).Environmental factors and human intervention had contributed to the difference in crab assemblages in mangrove ecosystems.
Growth, gas exchanges and accumulation of inorganic matter of Populus nigra L...Innspub Net
1. The study evaluated the effects of treated wastewater irrigation on the growth, gas exchange, and mineral accumulation of Populus nigra L.
2. Irrigation with treated wastewater increased photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates in poplar seedlings over the first 60 days compared to controls, but these effects decreased after 90 days.
3. Treated wastewater irrigation also increased biomass and root growth initially, but decreased the relative growth rate of poplars after 90 days compared to controls, possibly due to accumulation of trace metals like cadmium, lead, and nickel in plant tissues over time.
This study examines land cover change and fire patterns within the Bay of Jiquilisco Reserve mangrove forest region of El Salvador between 2001-2015. Satellite imagery analysis shows a decrease in forest cover and an increase in water cover within the Monte Cristo mangrove subset between 2002-2014. Few fires were detected in the region, though some occurred at the forest-agriculture interface, indicating fire may be used for deforestation. Overall fire patterns in El Salvador correlate with agricultural and wooded areas. Community management of the reserve lands may contribute to lower fire frequency within the mangroves compared to surrounding areas.
1) The presentation outlined approaches for vegetation management that considers both weed control goals and wildlife habitat needs.
2) Modifications to the timing, intensity, proportion, and scale of management activities can help reduce impacts on wildlife.
3) Coordinating with wildlife professionals and taking on some wildlife responsibilities can help achieve dual goals of weed control and wildlife habitat preservation through vegetation management.
Do fine-scale factors shape the use of riparian galleries by carnivores in a ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Riparian galleries are key structural elements of Mediterranean landscapes and their importance for carnivores has been widely demonstrated. However, humanization of the landscape has led to their degradation with consequences not fully understood. In this study we assessed the response of mesocarnivores to the fine-scale variation in the quality of a riparian gallery (Vale do Cobrão stream, central Portugal), evaluated on the basis of the QBR index (‘Qualitat del Bosc de Ribera’ in spanish) and an adaptation of the same considering mesocarnivore ecological requirements. These were represented through four parameters that could influence habitat quality for these species, namely refuge (total riparian cover, cover structure), disturbance and food availability. For the latter we considered the known main food resources for Mediterranean mesocarnivores: small mammals, lagomorphs, insects and fruits. Mesocarnivore use was evaluated through camera-trapping and sign surveys. For both indexes a concordance was observed between quality variation and its use by carnivores, and we also found a positive correlation between both indexes. The adapted QBR, being more laborious but also more realistic, could serve as guidance for conservation practice at the local scale, benefiting both land managers environmentally concerned, conservation practitioners and carnivore populations inhabiting humanized landscapes. However, for spatially wider approaches the original QBR proved to be a good indicator for the presence of mesocarnivores, being useful in the development of restauration or conservation strategies, as well as for research and monitoring activities of carnivore guilds.
- There have been changes in water yield (Q) and evapotranspiration (ET) in unmanaged forests of the southern Appalachians over time.
- Q increased from 1938-1970s in low elevation watersheds but decreased 22% from the 1970s-2013, while ET initially declined but increased markedly since the 1980s.
- Changes in precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) explain some changes in Q and ET, but shifts in forest species composition and structure also contributed, potentially decreasing Q by up to 18% in some years.
- The study found that both climate factors and changes in forest structure and species played a role in altering the water balance of
Seminário 4 egerton-warburton_et_al-2000-ecological_applications_mycorrhiza (2)Carlos Alberto Monteiro
This document summarizes a study that evaluated shifts in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities along an anthropogenic nitrogen deposition gradient in coastal sage scrub vegetation in southern California. The researchers found that increasing nitrogen input was associated with displacement of larger-spored AM fungi species by proliferation of small-spored Glomus species. There was also a reduction in AM species richness and diversity, as well as decreases in spore abundance, root infection, and changes in spore production timing in more nitrogen-enriched sites. A fertilization experiment yielded similar results, indicating that nitrogen input likely explains the relationship between pollution and shifts in the AM communities.
1) There was a positive relationship between local and regional plant species richness in tallgrass prairie, but this relationship varied with grazing, topography, and fire frequency.
2) Experimental removal of the dominant grass Andropogon scoparius resulted in a significant increase in local species richness compared to reference plots.
3) Overall species richness was higher in grazed areas compared to ungrazed areas, but grazing did not significantly affect the relationship between number of sites occupied and average abundance across the landscape.
Reforestation is one of the Philippines’ government efforts to restore and rehabilitate degraded mangrove ecosystems. Although there is recovery of the ecosystem in terms of vegetation, the recovery of closely-linked faunal species in terms of community structure is still understudied. This research investigates the community structure of mangrove crabs under two different management schemes: protected mangroves and reforested mangroves. The transect-plot method was employed in each management scheme to quantify the vegetation, crab assemblages and environmental variables. Community composition of crabs and mangrove trees were compared between protected and reforested mangroves using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and analysis of similarity in PRIMER 6. Chi-squared was used to test the variance of sex ration of the crabs. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was used to determine the relationship between crabs and environmental parameters. A total of twelve species of crabs belonging to six families were identified in protected mangroves while only four species were documented in reforested mangroves. Perisesarma indiarum and Baptozius vinosus were the most dominant species in protected and reforested mangrove, respectively. Univariate analysis of variance of crab assemblage data revealed significant differences in crab composition and abundance between protected mangroves and from reforested mangroves (P<0.05).><0.05).Environmental factors and human intervention had contributed to the difference in crab assemblages in mangrove ecosystems.
Growth, gas exchanges and accumulation of inorganic matter of Populus nigra L...Innspub Net
1. The study evaluated the effects of treated wastewater irrigation on the growth, gas exchange, and mineral accumulation of Populus nigra L.
2. Irrigation with treated wastewater increased photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates in poplar seedlings over the first 60 days compared to controls, but these effects decreased after 90 days.
3. Treated wastewater irrigation also increased biomass and root growth initially, but decreased the relative growth rate of poplars after 90 days compared to controls, possibly due to accumulation of trace metals like cadmium, lead, and nickel in plant tissues over time.
This study examines land cover change and fire patterns within the Bay of Jiquilisco Reserve mangrove forest region of El Salvador between 2001-2015. Satellite imagery analysis shows a decrease in forest cover and an increase in water cover within the Monte Cristo mangrove subset between 2002-2014. Few fires were detected in the region, though some occurred at the forest-agriculture interface, indicating fire may be used for deforestation. Overall fire patterns in El Salvador correlate with agricultural and wooded areas. Community management of the reserve lands may contribute to lower fire frequency within the mangroves compared to surrounding areas.
1) The presentation outlined approaches for vegetation management that considers both weed control goals and wildlife habitat needs.
2) Modifications to the timing, intensity, proportion, and scale of management activities can help reduce impacts on wildlife.
3) Coordinating with wildlife professionals and taking on some wildlife responsibilities can help achieve dual goals of weed control and wildlife habitat preservation through vegetation management.
Do fine-scale factors shape the use of riparian galleries by carnivores in a ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Riparian galleries are key structural elements of Mediterranean landscapes and their importance for carnivores has been widely demonstrated. However, humanization of the landscape has led to their degradation with consequences not fully understood. In this study we assessed the response of mesocarnivores to the fine-scale variation in the quality of a riparian gallery (Vale do Cobrão stream, central Portugal), evaluated on the basis of the QBR index (‘Qualitat del Bosc de Ribera’ in spanish) and an adaptation of the same considering mesocarnivore ecological requirements. These were represented through four parameters that could influence habitat quality for these species, namely refuge (total riparian cover, cover structure), disturbance and food availability. For the latter we considered the known main food resources for Mediterranean mesocarnivores: small mammals, lagomorphs, insects and fruits. Mesocarnivore use was evaluated through camera-trapping and sign surveys. For both indexes a concordance was observed between quality variation and its use by carnivores, and we also found a positive correlation between both indexes. The adapted QBR, being more laborious but also more realistic, could serve as guidance for conservation practice at the local scale, benefiting both land managers environmentally concerned, conservation practitioners and carnivore populations inhabiting humanized landscapes. However, for spatially wider approaches the original QBR proved to be a good indicator for the presence of mesocarnivores, being useful in the development of restauration or conservation strategies, as well as for research and monitoring activities of carnivore guilds.
- There have been changes in water yield (Q) and evapotranspiration (ET) in unmanaged forests of the southern Appalachians over time.
- Q increased from 1938-1970s in low elevation watersheds but decreased 22% from the 1970s-2013, while ET initially declined but increased markedly since the 1980s.
- Changes in precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) explain some changes in Q and ET, but shifts in forest species composition and structure also contributed, potentially decreasing Q by up to 18% in some years.
- The study found that both climate factors and changes in forest structure and species played a role in altering the water balance of
- The study examined intraspecific variation in water source use among 56 populations of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) grown in a common garden. Xylem and soil water samples were collected on three different dates representing wet and dry conditions.
- Stable isotope analysis found that most populations relied more on deep soil layers for water during seasonal summer droughts. Populations from more arid regions accessed deeper soil water even under mild drought conditions in early autumn, displaying geographic differentiation in water uptake patterns.
- However, preferential access to deep soil water was largely independent of aboveground growth. The findings highlight the adaptive relevance and plasticity of differential access to soil water pools among Aleppo pine populations as
This document summarizes a study on resource partitioning among large grazing herbivores in Mabula Game Reserve in South Africa. The study examined factors like body size, digestive strategies, grass quality, and habitat types that influence how different herbivore species partition resources. Field observations were conducted in the wet and dry seasons to record herbivore species, group sizes, and selected grass species. Grass samples were analyzed to determine nutrient quality. Preliminary results found high overlap between blue wildebeest and plains zebra, and high selection of Cynodon dactylon grass at old settlement sites by multiple species. Further analysis of habitat use and grass chemistry may provide insights into niche separation between herbivore species.
Forestry effects on stream invertebrate communitiesRodolfo Santos
Logging in the Pakuratahi stream catchment dramatically affected the stream invertebrate communities. At sites where the forest canopy was removed, taxa richness, water quality indicators (QMCI and MCI), and community evenness declined. Communities shifted from being dominated by mayflies to midges, snails, and worms. Most sites showed partial recovery within 3-6 years, though one site had not fully recovered after 8 years. Logging increased the amount of sand and silt in the stream beds at two sites. Nearby pasture streams did not experience similar changes, indicating the effects were due to forestry activities rather than other environmental factors.
Species Diversity and Above-ground Carbon Stock Assessments in Selected Mangr...Innspub Net
Mangrove ecosystems are known for being the rainforest of the sea. Philippines is bestowed with this naturally rich mangrove ecosystem with diverse floral and faunal species. Despite this natural abundance, mangrove ecosystems are subjected to natural and human induced degradations specifically conversion to fish shrimp ponds that resulted in diminution aside from its effect on terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycling and could also affect its important role in terms of terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycling. This study is conducted to determine
the mangrove diversity, distribution and the above-ground biomass and C-stocks in Glan and Malapatan, Sarangani Province. Purposive sampling is implemented in establishing the plots on both sites. Results show eight (8) mangrove species belonging to four (4) families are observed in both areas. Data also reveal that the mangrove ecosystem in Glan Padidu, Glan is undisturbed. Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba are found to be dominant on the two sites. Because of the large tree girths and high density of species observed on the studied areas, both forests have the potential to sequester and store large amount of atmospheric carbon. Thus, this study quantifies mangrove tree biomass in view of carbon trading as significant in lessening the effects of global warming.
This research article examines how two endangered plant species in coastal sand dunes, Layia carnosa and Lupinus tidestromii, persist in different successional microhabitats (early vs. late stages). The researchers found both species had higher frequencies in early successional habitats. For L. tidestromii, plants in early successional microhabitats had higher projected population growth rates than those in late successional habitats, primarily due to higher recruitment rates in early successional microhabitats. The results support restoring natural disturbance regimes to allow persistence of endemic plant species in these ecosystems.
This study examined the effects of water availability and genotype on the decomposition rate of switchgrass litter. Six genotypes of switchgrass representing different ploidy types and geographic origins were exposed to three different rainfall treatments (extreme drought, mean rainfall, extreme wet) over four months using the litterbag method. The results showed that decomposition rate generally increased with more rainfall availability but this effect depended on date. About a third of the variation in decomposition rate was explained by changes in maximum temperature from July to November. No significant effects of genotype or ploidy were found, suggesting that differences in litter chemistry among these genotypes were not large enough to impact decomposition rates. Overall climate factors like rainfall and temperature had a stronger influence on decomposition than litter chemistry traits
Water-related bird assemblages in an urban pond ‘archipelago’: Winter pattern...Maria Paola Di Santo
This study reports on the patterns of species occurrence, abundance and richness of a wintering water-related bird assemblage in an ‘archipelago’ of 70 small artificial urban ponds (AUPs) embedded in a metropolitan landscape (Rome, central Italy). A total of 20 species in 26 AUPs were sampled. Only the largest AUPs (>0.1 ha) contained all these species, except for Gallinula chloropus. The highest total mean species abundance was observed in the largest ponds, with statistically significant differences evident among size classes. Two significant spatial thresholds in species abundance and richness were observed (between 0.01 and 0.1 ha; between 0.1 and 1 ha in size). The abundance of single species was correlated with their frequency of occurrence. Ponds in urban areas must be larger than 0.1 ha to host a rich winter assemblage of birds, with a further increase in richness noted with a surface area larger than 1 ha. The highest number of species was observed in the larger ponds (>1 ha). The species richness of each AUP is directly correlated to their size (log-transformed species–area relationship: log S = 3.515 + 0.497 log A; R2 = 0.76). Further research should be conducted to confirm these patterns and to implement information useful for planning and management of artificial ponds in urban areas for this purpose.
Environmental Changes and Effects on a Population of Smooth Newt Lissotriton ...IJEAB
The population of Lissotriton meridionalis in the area of “Bosco di Palo” Natural Park are monitored since 1995. From 2004 to 2005 in the area it was carried out a massive cutting of dead trees with evidence of alteration of the undergrowth. The study aims to verify, through the index of the population estimate, if the species has suffered changes in the size of the population following environmental changes. For the research were chosen three ponds in the wood and the data collection took place from the breeding season of 1995 – 1996 to 2014 – 2015, in each of the seasons was made an estimation of the population density. The data obtained are been compared in order to make assessments on the conservation status and persistence of the species in the site, also as a result of environmental changes suffered by “Bosco di Palo” Natural Park. The analysis of the population estimate, used in this work as an index of the conservation status of the species in the Park, confirms that, in the previous period and in the period following the die-off of trees and cutting plant health, we have substantially the same values of population size.
Risks of Cryogenic Landslide Hazards and Their Impact on Ecosystems in Cold E...Universität Salzburg
Research focuses on monitoring landscapes downgrading in specific conditions of Arctic ecosystems with cold climate conditions (marshes, permafrost, high humidity and moisture). Specific case study: cryogenic landslides typical for cold environments with permafrost. Area: Yamal Peninsula. Aim: analysis of the environmental changes caused by cryogenic landslides in northern land- scapes affecting sensitive Arctic ecosystems. Thaw of the permafrost layer causes destruction of the ground soil layer and activates cryogenic landslide processes. After disaster, vegetation coverage needs a long time to recover, due to the sensitivity of the specific northern environment, and land cover types change. ILWIS GIS was used to process 2 satellite images Landsat TM taken at 1988 and 2011, to assess spatiotemporal changes in the land cover types. Research shown ILWIS GIS based spatial analysis for environmental mapping.
Analyses of Community Attributes of Meiofauna Under A Pollution Regime in the...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Meiofauna community attributes of the lower Bonny estuary was investigated under a pollution regime. This is germane because of the strategic importance of meiofauna in the food chain and the sustenance of any aquatic ecosystem. Five stations representing diverse land based activities such as refuse dump site, fuel depot, fishing-landing areas, residential housing and a station located upstream (control) were chosen for investigation. The meiofauna samples were collected from sediments in three replicate spots per station per sampling months at low tide. Sediment samples were stirred through (63-212nm) meshes to separate meiofauna and organic debris. Meiofauna samples were processed by first washing Meiofauna through a sieve of fine mesh size made of silk material, in order to wash off formation and excess silt or mud. Meiofauna samples were sorted out and identified using standard keys. Result from field studies indicate that meiofauna population abundance and diversity varied slightly between stations and seasons. There was however, no established trend. Meiofauna were generally more abundant in the rainy season than in the dry season. In general, pollution indicator meiofaunal taxa were more in all stations except the control station; the increasing impact of pollutants in the river led to a rise in the relative abundance of r-strategist genera like Chromadora. We conclude that the application of meiofaunal indices can be a useful tool for assessing the environmental quality of estuarine ecosystems.
This document summarizes a study that compared the habitat structure, invertebrate assemblages, and fish diets associated with patches of the native floating plant pennywort versus the introduced floating plant water hyacinth in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. The study found several key differences between the two plants: 1) pennywort patches had higher leaf and insect densities and different insect assemblage compositions than hyacinth patches; 2) hyacinth roots in the water column had significantly more surface area than pennywort roots; and 3) densities and taxonomic compositions of aquatic invertebrates generally differed between the two plant types. The introduction of water hyacinth caused significant ecological alterations to the surrounding community
This study examined drought tolerance in four riparian tree species in the Western Cape Province of South Africa by measuring their vulnerability to cavitation across streams with different hydrologic regimes. As expected, decreasing streamflow resulted in lower predawn and mid-day xylem water potential for all species. Species identified in previous studies as having broad distributions, such as Metrosideros angustifolia and Brabejum stellatifolium, sustained greater decreases in mid-day xylem water potential and were less vulnerable to cavitation than Rapanea melanophloeos or Brachylaena neriifolia, species with more restricted distributions. These results provide preliminary evidence that considering drought tolerance may help refine
1) Long-term monitoring has shown that total soil respiration is higher in urban forests compared to rural forests in Baltimore. This study aims to determine if differences in earthworm abundance explain the higher respiration levels.
2) Field measurements of soil respiration, moisture, biomass, organic matter, and earthworm abundance were taken at urban and rural forest sites. Earthworms were extracted using a mustard solution.
3) Preliminary results showed earthworm biomass was higher in urban sites, suggesting higher respiration in urban forests could be due to earthworm respiration and stimulation of root respiration by earthworms. Earthworm abundance varied with soil moisture.
Presentation of the fall and rise and fall again of eastern hemlock, a foundation tree species of eastern North American forests. Testing the hypothesis that it is a foundation species, modeling its future given climate change scenarios, and validating model results with eddy covariance data
This study examines morphological changes in threespine stickleback over eight generations following their transplantation from a large lake habitat with diverse predators to a smaller pond habitat lacking fish predators. Measurements of 20 defence and trophic traits were taken on stickleback collected from the source lake and transplant pond population between 1994 and 2009. Significant reductions were observed in several plate and spine traits, gill raker number and length, and increases in jaw length and eye diameter within eight generations - representing about one-third of the differences typically seen between natural lake and pond populations. These changes occurred rapidly and in the directions predicted based on the different predator regimes and food sources between the habitats. Both natural selection and phenotypic plasticity likely contributed to the
Treatment Performance of Domestic Wastewater in a Tropical Constructed Wetlan...Oswar Mungkasa
prepared by Jonah S Butler* *Fulbright Scholar, DILG-GTZ Affiliate in Philippines: For Environmental Science Study on Wastewater Treatment. (Email: Jonahsbutler@gmail.com) for Urban Environments in Asia, 25-28 May 2011, Manila, Philippines. organized by International Water Association (IWA).
Restoration, Reconciliation, and Reconnecting with Nature Nearby
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
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Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
The direct and indirect mechanisms of facilitation by shrubs play a central role in maintaining leopard lizard populations. The document discusses how desert shrubs provide direct benefits like shelter and indirect benefits like increased prey availability to small animals. It presents the hypothesis that shrubs facilitate leopard lizards through these direct and indirect interactions. The progress report then outlines planned studies to survey leopard lizard activity patterns in relation to shrub size and removal experiments to further examine the impacts of shrub shelter and resources on lizard foraging behavior.
- The document analyzes growth patterns of black spruce trees in a central Maine peat bog to understand relationships between tree growth, climate, and distance from the bog edge.
- Tree cores were collected from black spruce trees along three transects at increasing distances from the bog edge. Tree and stand characteristics, growth rates, and influence of climate factors like temperature and precipitation were analyzed.
- Preliminary results suggest that tree growth rates increased with distance from the bog edge likely due to higher nutrient availability further from the bog. Climate accounted for only small variations in growth, with temperature having a greater influence than precipitation.
The multivariate statistical analysis of the environmental pollutants at lake...Alexander Decker
1. The document analyzes environmental pollutants in Lake Nyamagoma in Tanzania using multivariate statistical analysis of water samples collected from 8 sites during the wet season.
2. The results show variation in pollutant levels controlled by factors like primary productivity, redox conditions, dissolution, nitrification, denitrification, mixing, and reduction processes, as well as human activities in the area.
3. Four factors were extracted from the analysis: 1) high turbidity and primary productivity, 2) cation exchange processes, 3) variation in pollutants by depth and nutrients from the catchment, and 4) reduction processes and increased salinity.
This document discusses sustainability and humanity's use of natural resources. It introduces the concepts of sustainable development and examines non-renewable resources that are in danger of being depleted such as forests and water. Renewable energy sources are explored along with their potential to replace fossil fuels in the future. Global problems related to climate change, pollution, and other environmental risks are also summarized.
- The study examined intraspecific variation in water source use among 56 populations of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) grown in a common garden. Xylem and soil water samples were collected on three different dates representing wet and dry conditions.
- Stable isotope analysis found that most populations relied more on deep soil layers for water during seasonal summer droughts. Populations from more arid regions accessed deeper soil water even under mild drought conditions in early autumn, displaying geographic differentiation in water uptake patterns.
- However, preferential access to deep soil water was largely independent of aboveground growth. The findings highlight the adaptive relevance and plasticity of differential access to soil water pools among Aleppo pine populations as
This document summarizes a study on resource partitioning among large grazing herbivores in Mabula Game Reserve in South Africa. The study examined factors like body size, digestive strategies, grass quality, and habitat types that influence how different herbivore species partition resources. Field observations were conducted in the wet and dry seasons to record herbivore species, group sizes, and selected grass species. Grass samples were analyzed to determine nutrient quality. Preliminary results found high overlap between blue wildebeest and plains zebra, and high selection of Cynodon dactylon grass at old settlement sites by multiple species. Further analysis of habitat use and grass chemistry may provide insights into niche separation between herbivore species.
Forestry effects on stream invertebrate communitiesRodolfo Santos
Logging in the Pakuratahi stream catchment dramatically affected the stream invertebrate communities. At sites where the forest canopy was removed, taxa richness, water quality indicators (QMCI and MCI), and community evenness declined. Communities shifted from being dominated by mayflies to midges, snails, and worms. Most sites showed partial recovery within 3-6 years, though one site had not fully recovered after 8 years. Logging increased the amount of sand and silt in the stream beds at two sites. Nearby pasture streams did not experience similar changes, indicating the effects were due to forestry activities rather than other environmental factors.
Species Diversity and Above-ground Carbon Stock Assessments in Selected Mangr...Innspub Net
Mangrove ecosystems are known for being the rainforest of the sea. Philippines is bestowed with this naturally rich mangrove ecosystem with diverse floral and faunal species. Despite this natural abundance, mangrove ecosystems are subjected to natural and human induced degradations specifically conversion to fish shrimp ponds that resulted in diminution aside from its effect on terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycling and could also affect its important role in terms of terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycling. This study is conducted to determine
the mangrove diversity, distribution and the above-ground biomass and C-stocks in Glan and Malapatan, Sarangani Province. Purposive sampling is implemented in establishing the plots on both sites. Results show eight (8) mangrove species belonging to four (4) families are observed in both areas. Data also reveal that the mangrove ecosystem in Glan Padidu, Glan is undisturbed. Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba are found to be dominant on the two sites. Because of the large tree girths and high density of species observed on the studied areas, both forests have the potential to sequester and store large amount of atmospheric carbon. Thus, this study quantifies mangrove tree biomass in view of carbon trading as significant in lessening the effects of global warming.
This research article examines how two endangered plant species in coastal sand dunes, Layia carnosa and Lupinus tidestromii, persist in different successional microhabitats (early vs. late stages). The researchers found both species had higher frequencies in early successional habitats. For L. tidestromii, plants in early successional microhabitats had higher projected population growth rates than those in late successional habitats, primarily due to higher recruitment rates in early successional microhabitats. The results support restoring natural disturbance regimes to allow persistence of endemic plant species in these ecosystems.
This study examined the effects of water availability and genotype on the decomposition rate of switchgrass litter. Six genotypes of switchgrass representing different ploidy types and geographic origins were exposed to three different rainfall treatments (extreme drought, mean rainfall, extreme wet) over four months using the litterbag method. The results showed that decomposition rate generally increased with more rainfall availability but this effect depended on date. About a third of the variation in decomposition rate was explained by changes in maximum temperature from July to November. No significant effects of genotype or ploidy were found, suggesting that differences in litter chemistry among these genotypes were not large enough to impact decomposition rates. Overall climate factors like rainfall and temperature had a stronger influence on decomposition than litter chemistry traits
Water-related bird assemblages in an urban pond ‘archipelago’: Winter pattern...Maria Paola Di Santo
This study reports on the patterns of species occurrence, abundance and richness of a wintering water-related bird assemblage in an ‘archipelago’ of 70 small artificial urban ponds (AUPs) embedded in a metropolitan landscape (Rome, central Italy). A total of 20 species in 26 AUPs were sampled. Only the largest AUPs (>0.1 ha) contained all these species, except for Gallinula chloropus. The highest total mean species abundance was observed in the largest ponds, with statistically significant differences evident among size classes. Two significant spatial thresholds in species abundance and richness were observed (between 0.01 and 0.1 ha; between 0.1 and 1 ha in size). The abundance of single species was correlated with their frequency of occurrence. Ponds in urban areas must be larger than 0.1 ha to host a rich winter assemblage of birds, with a further increase in richness noted with a surface area larger than 1 ha. The highest number of species was observed in the larger ponds (>1 ha). The species richness of each AUP is directly correlated to their size (log-transformed species–area relationship: log S = 3.515 + 0.497 log A; R2 = 0.76). Further research should be conducted to confirm these patterns and to implement information useful for planning and management of artificial ponds in urban areas for this purpose.
Environmental Changes and Effects on a Population of Smooth Newt Lissotriton ...IJEAB
The population of Lissotriton meridionalis in the area of “Bosco di Palo” Natural Park are monitored since 1995. From 2004 to 2005 in the area it was carried out a massive cutting of dead trees with evidence of alteration of the undergrowth. The study aims to verify, through the index of the population estimate, if the species has suffered changes in the size of the population following environmental changes. For the research were chosen three ponds in the wood and the data collection took place from the breeding season of 1995 – 1996 to 2014 – 2015, in each of the seasons was made an estimation of the population density. The data obtained are been compared in order to make assessments on the conservation status and persistence of the species in the site, also as a result of environmental changes suffered by “Bosco di Palo” Natural Park. The analysis of the population estimate, used in this work as an index of the conservation status of the species in the Park, confirms that, in the previous period and in the period following the die-off of trees and cutting plant health, we have substantially the same values of population size.
Risks of Cryogenic Landslide Hazards and Their Impact on Ecosystems in Cold E...Universität Salzburg
Research focuses on monitoring landscapes downgrading in specific conditions of Arctic ecosystems with cold climate conditions (marshes, permafrost, high humidity and moisture). Specific case study: cryogenic landslides typical for cold environments with permafrost. Area: Yamal Peninsula. Aim: analysis of the environmental changes caused by cryogenic landslides in northern land- scapes affecting sensitive Arctic ecosystems. Thaw of the permafrost layer causes destruction of the ground soil layer and activates cryogenic landslide processes. After disaster, vegetation coverage needs a long time to recover, due to the sensitivity of the specific northern environment, and land cover types change. ILWIS GIS was used to process 2 satellite images Landsat TM taken at 1988 and 2011, to assess spatiotemporal changes in the land cover types. Research shown ILWIS GIS based spatial analysis for environmental mapping.
Analyses of Community Attributes of Meiofauna Under A Pollution Regime in the...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Meiofauna community attributes of the lower Bonny estuary was investigated under a pollution regime. This is germane because of the strategic importance of meiofauna in the food chain and the sustenance of any aquatic ecosystem. Five stations representing diverse land based activities such as refuse dump site, fuel depot, fishing-landing areas, residential housing and a station located upstream (control) were chosen for investigation. The meiofauna samples were collected from sediments in three replicate spots per station per sampling months at low tide. Sediment samples were stirred through (63-212nm) meshes to separate meiofauna and organic debris. Meiofauna samples were processed by first washing Meiofauna through a sieve of fine mesh size made of silk material, in order to wash off formation and excess silt or mud. Meiofauna samples were sorted out and identified using standard keys. Result from field studies indicate that meiofauna population abundance and diversity varied slightly between stations and seasons. There was however, no established trend. Meiofauna were generally more abundant in the rainy season than in the dry season. In general, pollution indicator meiofaunal taxa were more in all stations except the control station; the increasing impact of pollutants in the river led to a rise in the relative abundance of r-strategist genera like Chromadora. We conclude that the application of meiofaunal indices can be a useful tool for assessing the environmental quality of estuarine ecosystems.
This document summarizes a study that compared the habitat structure, invertebrate assemblages, and fish diets associated with patches of the native floating plant pennywort versus the introduced floating plant water hyacinth in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. The study found several key differences between the two plants: 1) pennywort patches had higher leaf and insect densities and different insect assemblage compositions than hyacinth patches; 2) hyacinth roots in the water column had significantly more surface area than pennywort roots; and 3) densities and taxonomic compositions of aquatic invertebrates generally differed between the two plant types. The introduction of water hyacinth caused significant ecological alterations to the surrounding community
This study examined drought tolerance in four riparian tree species in the Western Cape Province of South Africa by measuring their vulnerability to cavitation across streams with different hydrologic regimes. As expected, decreasing streamflow resulted in lower predawn and mid-day xylem water potential for all species. Species identified in previous studies as having broad distributions, such as Metrosideros angustifolia and Brabejum stellatifolium, sustained greater decreases in mid-day xylem water potential and were less vulnerable to cavitation than Rapanea melanophloeos or Brachylaena neriifolia, species with more restricted distributions. These results provide preliminary evidence that considering drought tolerance may help refine
1) Long-term monitoring has shown that total soil respiration is higher in urban forests compared to rural forests in Baltimore. This study aims to determine if differences in earthworm abundance explain the higher respiration levels.
2) Field measurements of soil respiration, moisture, biomass, organic matter, and earthworm abundance were taken at urban and rural forest sites. Earthworms were extracted using a mustard solution.
3) Preliminary results showed earthworm biomass was higher in urban sites, suggesting higher respiration in urban forests could be due to earthworm respiration and stimulation of root respiration by earthworms. Earthworm abundance varied with soil moisture.
Presentation of the fall and rise and fall again of eastern hemlock, a foundation tree species of eastern North American forests. Testing the hypothesis that it is a foundation species, modeling its future given climate change scenarios, and validating model results with eddy covariance data
This study examines morphological changes in threespine stickleback over eight generations following their transplantation from a large lake habitat with diverse predators to a smaller pond habitat lacking fish predators. Measurements of 20 defence and trophic traits were taken on stickleback collected from the source lake and transplant pond population between 1994 and 2009. Significant reductions were observed in several plate and spine traits, gill raker number and length, and increases in jaw length and eye diameter within eight generations - representing about one-third of the differences typically seen between natural lake and pond populations. These changes occurred rapidly and in the directions predicted based on the different predator regimes and food sources between the habitats. Both natural selection and phenotypic plasticity likely contributed to the
Treatment Performance of Domestic Wastewater in a Tropical Constructed Wetlan...Oswar Mungkasa
prepared by Jonah S Butler* *Fulbright Scholar, DILG-GTZ Affiliate in Philippines: For Environmental Science Study on Wastewater Treatment. (Email: Jonahsbutler@gmail.com) for Urban Environments in Asia, 25-28 May 2011, Manila, Philippines. organized by International Water Association (IWA).
Restoration, Reconciliation, and Reconnecting with Nature Nearby
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
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Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
The direct and indirect mechanisms of facilitation by shrubs play a central role in maintaining leopard lizard populations. The document discusses how desert shrubs provide direct benefits like shelter and indirect benefits like increased prey availability to small animals. It presents the hypothesis that shrubs facilitate leopard lizards through these direct and indirect interactions. The progress report then outlines planned studies to survey leopard lizard activity patterns in relation to shrub size and removal experiments to further examine the impacts of shrub shelter and resources on lizard foraging behavior.
- The document analyzes growth patterns of black spruce trees in a central Maine peat bog to understand relationships between tree growth, climate, and distance from the bog edge.
- Tree cores were collected from black spruce trees along three transects at increasing distances from the bog edge. Tree and stand characteristics, growth rates, and influence of climate factors like temperature and precipitation were analyzed.
- Preliminary results suggest that tree growth rates increased with distance from the bog edge likely due to higher nutrient availability further from the bog. Climate accounted for only small variations in growth, with temperature having a greater influence than precipitation.
The multivariate statistical analysis of the environmental pollutants at lake...Alexander Decker
1. The document analyzes environmental pollutants in Lake Nyamagoma in Tanzania using multivariate statistical analysis of water samples collected from 8 sites during the wet season.
2. The results show variation in pollutant levels controlled by factors like primary productivity, redox conditions, dissolution, nitrification, denitrification, mixing, and reduction processes, as well as human activities in the area.
3. Four factors were extracted from the analysis: 1) high turbidity and primary productivity, 2) cation exchange processes, 3) variation in pollutants by depth and nutrients from the catchment, and 4) reduction processes and increased salinity.
This document discusses sustainability and humanity's use of natural resources. It introduces the concepts of sustainable development and examines non-renewable resources that are in danger of being depleted such as forests and water. Renewable energy sources are explored along with their potential to replace fossil fuels in the future. Global problems related to climate change, pollution, and other environmental risks are also summarized.
This document summarizes a study that used local ecological knowledge to explore the impacts of expanding eucalyptus tree cover on water security in the Ethiopian highlands. Farmers reported decreases in water availability, increases in sedimentation, and conflicts over water resources due to reduced tree cover and uncontrolled eucalyptus expansion. While eucalyptus provided economic benefits by leaving the area, the water-related costs were borne locally through impacts on downstream communities. The study highlights trade-offs between provisioning and regulating ecosystem services associated with land use and tree cover changes.
This document summarizes a study that reconstructed global patterns of land use change from 1700-2000 at a 1 degree resolution. The study estimated land conversions, wood harvesting, and resulting secondary lands annually. Key results found that 42-68% of the global land surface was impacted by human land use activities during this period. Total secondary lands increased by 10-44 million km^2, around half of which was forested. The study provides the first global gridded estimates of its kind, and results were generally consistent with other data sources. Remaining challenges include better understanding agriculture land dynamics and developing integrated models to estimate future land use change impacts.
Ecosystem services of floodplain grasslands: Defining fodder production in t...ILRI
The document discusses ecosystem services of floodplain grasslands in the Tana delta region, specifically defining fodder production. It introduces the importance of floodplain grasslands globally and the threats they face from development and climate change. The objective is to quantify the ecosystem service of fodder production through quality, quantity, and seasonality. It describes the study area of the Tana delta and importance of the Tana river. Preliminary results couple a hydrological model of the Tana river with a grass production model to simulate grassland productivity over the past ten years. Analysis is still ongoing.
Presented by Markku Kanninen and Markku Larjavaara, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at Practical Training in CarboScen in Jakarta, Indonesia, on September 28, 2017.
— The study evaluated the effects of land use and occupation in water quality in two sub-basins located in the State of Paraná, Brazil. The first sub-basin has 69.8% of native vegetation (natural) and the other has 54.1% of the land cultivated (anthropic). Samples were collected from April to December 2015, analyzing the following parameters: dissolved oxygen, temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, turbidity, color, biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and fecal coliforms. The natural sub-basin presented, significantly, better water quality. Total phosphorus, biochemical oxygen demand and fecal coliforms exceeded the legal limits on the anthropic sub-basin. At this sub-basin correlation was found between cumulative rainfall of five days with turbidity and fecal coliforms, two days cumulative rainfall and total nitrogen, as well as between air and water temperature, affecting the dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity and fecal coliforms. In the natural sub-basin correlation was found between cumulative rainfall of two days and turbidity, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity.
Presented by Mohammed Said, Shem Kifugo, Tom Otieno, Enoch Ontiri and Bernard Bett at the Workshop on Dynamics Drivers of Diseases in Africa, Nairobi, 24–26 June 2014
Soil Degradation By Different Land Use Impacts In Tropical RainforestsChristina Parmionova
This document discusses soil degradation in tropical rainforests due to different land uses and the consequences for land rehabilitation. It finds that logging, slash-and-burn agriculture, annual crops and tree plantations can lead to decreases in biomass, soil organic matter, and plant-available nutrients as well as increases in erosion and leaching. Studies in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Ivory Coast examined changes in water and nutrient cycling from rainforest conversion to agroforestry systems like cocoa plantations. The research aimed to evaluate impacts on soils with low to medium fertility and understand how to develop sustainable production systems, especially for small farmers.
Short and long term impacts of water deficitsjlodurand
1. Grasslands store a significant amount of global carbon and account for most agricultural land. They can help mitigate climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide if properly managed.
2. Grasslands are sensitive to land degradation from overgrazing and other processes affecting 70% of pastures. They also face pressure from growing meat and dairy demand.
3. Plants have various adaptive responses to water deficits over short and long terms, from adjusting leaf area and root depth, to changes in plant communities and speciation over thousands of years as populations evolve under drought conditions.
Carbon and tree diversity in agricultural systems in Nicaragua: do trees real...CIAT
The Soils Research Area presents a new seminar series to commemorate the International Year of Soils (2015). This seminar series which in LAC will run under the theme: Managing Soils for Smarter Societies, will include monthly presentations and blogs that will focus on soils and the role they play in our society. Presented by Dr. Pablo Siles who is based at the CIAT office in Nicaragua.
Virgin Tropical Forests, Loathed Plantations and Everything Inbetween: Not Se...SIANI
This study was presented during the conference ““Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa” held in September, 2010.
Tree regeneration, Fenner School July 2009joernfischer
The document summarizes research on tree regeneration in Australia's temperate grazing zone. It finds that under current grazing practices, trees are not regenerating at most sites due to lack of seedlings. If practices do not change, millions of hectares currently supporting tens of millions of trees could become treeless. The research identifies grazing regime, tree density, and soil nutrients as factors influencing regeneration, finding that ungrazed areas and fast livestock rotation support more regeneration than continuous grazing.
Soil properties and dune heath reestablishmentRhys Turton
This document summarizes soil analysis results from four trial plots on the Sefton Coast, England that are being used to study re-establishing heather habitat. Soil samples were collected and tested for pH, organic matter, magnetic susceptibility, exchangeable cations, nitrogen and phosphorus. The results show variation in properties between sites, with some having higher organic matter or exchangeable bases. However, there are no clear correlations between the soil analysis and the condition of the re-establishment techniques used at each site.
Water Management in Rural Areas in a Changing ClimateCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Prof. Edward Pierzgalski from the Warsaw University of Life Sciences focuses on the main issues of water management in rural areas, climate change versus water resources, water management in agriculture versus climate change and what we should do.
This document outlines the syllabus for an undergraduate environmental studies course. It is divided into 8 units that will be covered over several lectures:
1. The first unit introduces the multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies, defining its scope and importance.
2. The second unit covers natural resources like forests, water, minerals, food, and energy. It addresses sustainable use and conservation.
3. Units 3-5 examine ecosystems, biodiversity conservation, and environmental pollution. Types of ecosystems and threats to biodiversity are described. Causes and impacts of different types of pollution are addressed.
4. Later units discuss social and population issues relating to the environment. Environmental protection laws and the role of public awareness
Tropical forests in a changing world: Investigating global change impacts in ...Christine O'Connell
The document summarizes a presentation on the impacts of land use change and climate change on tropical forests in Amazonia and Puerto Rico. In Amazonia, the presentation examines how agricultural expansion and intensification impact carbon storage, energy balance, and habitat. It finds that the location of future agricultural expansion will largely determine impacts on ecosystem services. In Puerto Rico, it analyzes the effects of a severe drought on soil biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas emissions, finding complex impacts varying by topography. The presentation concludes that land use change likely has larger biogeochemical effects than agricultural intensification, and climate impacts on tropical forests will involve nutrient cycle feedbacks.
Similar to PhD Thesis by Iago Otero 25 March 2010 (20)
Escassetat d’aigua, poder social i la producció d’una zona residencial d’elitiagootero
Escassetat d’aigua, poder social i la producció d’una zona residencial d’elit. L’ecologia política de l’aigua a Matadepera (Barcelona). De la classe sobre ecologia política a l'ETSAV el 18 de novembre de 2010
El canvi global. Introducció i cas d'estudi (El patrimoni de la pagesia per a...iagootero
Del curs 'Manifestacions del canvi global a Catalunya', organitzat per la Societat Catalana de Geografia. Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 10 de març de 2011
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
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Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
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Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
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Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
PhD Thesis by Iago Otero 25 March 2010
1. The rural-urban socioecological transformation of Mediterranean mountain areas under global change Local studies in Olzinelles and Matadepera (Barcelona Metropolitan Region) Iago Otero Armengol Supervisor: Dr. Martí Boada Juncà Doctoral Thesis in Environmental Sciences
13. Study areas: Matadepera and Olzinelles (BMR) Courtesy of G. Estany Scrubland Dry land Cork oak forest Holm oak forest Mixed forest Riverside forest Urban Roads Unproductive
16. Case study 1 Loss of water availability and stream biodiversity under land abandonment and climate change in a Mediterranean catchment (Olzinelles valley) Under review in Land Use Policy I. Otero, M. Boada, A. Badia, E. Pla, J. Vayreda, S. Sabaté, C.A. Gracia, J. Peñuelas
17. Case study 1 Introduction Piñol et al. (1998) Clim. Change
18. Case study 1 Introduction Gallart & Llorens (2003) Water Int.
29. Case study 1 Results: simulated runoff-rainfall ratio
30. Case study 1 Results: loss of fauna species ( 1980s ) Vulnerable Austropotamobius pallipes White-clawed crayfish Least concern Squalius cephalus Chub Vulnerable Arvicola sapidus Water vole Near threatened Barbus meridionalis Mediterranean barbel Critically endangered Anguilla anguilla European eel IUCN Red List status Scientific name Common name
31.
32. Case study 2 Socioecological heritage in Mediterranean landscapes. The case of the old municipality of Olzinelles To be submitted to Ecology and Society I. Otero, M. Boada, J.D. Tàbara
33. Case study 2 Introduction: global biocultural diversity Maffi (2005) Annu. Rev. Anthropol.
34. Case study 2 Introduction “ The morning when we put his body in the cemetery of Olzinelles, all those landscapes became smaller; lost size, contrast and depth” Perejaume Josep Travesa (1930-2006)
35. Courtesy of S. Piqueras Case study 2 Introduction: Can Pau Foguera
36.
37.
38. Case study 2 Results: uneven access to land (1853) 9.8 231.1 77.3 187 <3 3.5 82. 5 9.5 23 3-5 3.1 72. 8 4.1 10 5-10 16.2 380.6 5.8 14 10-100 61.8 1452.0 3.3 8 > 100 % study area ha % No. owners estate size ( ha )
39. Case study 2 Results: changing land-uses with estate size (1853) 74.1 6.4 18.6 Agrarian 25.9 93.6 81.4 Forest 20.4 36.4 31.3 Uncultivated 0.7 0.2 0.6 Chestnut 0.5 0.4 0.4 Poplar groves 2.8 40.6 35.2 Firewood forest 0.1 5.9 5.1 Timber forest 1.4 10.1 8.9 Cork oak forest 57.1 3.3 12.1 Vineyard 17.0 2.8 6.2 Dry land 0.0 0.3 0.3 Irrigated land % < 3 ha % > 100 ha % tax. area Land-use
40. Case study 2 Results: forest management (example) Cork oak stands ( Quercus suber ) Coppice selection every 7-10 y with cycles of 21-30 y. Sprout selection. Slashing of understorey. Uprooting stumps. Charcoal making. Grazing by pig herds and sheep flocks. Debarking every 14-17 y. Coppice selection. Felling competitor species. Selective slashing of understorey every 20 y. Charcoal making. (Acorn) grazing by pig herds and sheep flocks. Cultivating fodders, cereals, and vegetables. Holm oak stands ( Quercus ilex )
41. Case study 2 Results: dry land farming (vineyards) Medicinal and aromatic plants; fruit trees; fodders. Secondary crops Planting new vines, hoeing, fertilizing and pruning. Ploughing and grafting vines older than 3 y. Pruning buds, leafs, shoots. Fumigating with S and copper sulphate. Harvesting. Treading and pressing the grapes, boiling, fermentation. Vine farming, production of wine. Cultivation in steep slopes, vines laid out in zigzag, no terracing. Controlling soil erosion and collecting water by zigzag draining ditches. Conserving soil fertility: animal and green manure.
42. Case study 2 Results: integration and adaptation of productive activities
47. × Case study 2 Results: transformation of SES × × × × × × × ×
48. Case study 2 Results: land-cover changes (1850s-2008)
49. Case study 2 Results: declining species Species Area Group n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. Maniola jurtina Polyommatus icarus Lycaena phlaeas Leptotes pirithous Colias crocea Olzinelles Butterflies CR VU VU LC LC LC LC LC n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. n.p. Geranium lanuginosum Orobanche artemisiae-campestris picrides Spergularia purpurea Erica cinerea Helianthemum tuberaria Isoetes durieui Orobanche teucrii Stachys alpina Montnegre Mountains Plants Cat. IUCN
50. Case study 2 Results: declining species Mammals Birds Reptiles Group n.e. n.e. LC LC Talpa europaea Lepus europaeus Olzinelles VU DD NT NT LC NT LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC Alectoris rufa Coturnix coturnix Jynx torquilla Lanius senator Miliaria calandra Galerida cristata Alauda arvensis Upupa epops Emberiza cirlus Olzinelles n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. n.e. NT LC LC LC LC n.p. Timon lepidus Psammodromus jeanneae Rhinechis scalaris Malpolon monspessulanus Coronella girondica Anguis fragilis Olzinelles Cat. IUCN Species Area
51.
52. Case study 2 Conclusions “ When you were in Can Pau Foguera, it was not at all nostalgic, it was rather the other way around. It was more like a revolutionary vision, as far as you could realize that there was another possibility in the world: a parallel world” Perejaume
53. Case study 3 Water scarcity, social power and the production of an elite suburb. The political ecology of water in Matadepera In press in Ecological Economics ( doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.09.011 ) I. Otero, G. Kallis, R. Aguilar, V. Ruiz
59. MATADEPERA CATALONIA & SPAIN Case study 3 Results One family controls town-hall, urbanizations and water. Conflict landlord-peasants for sharecropping contracts. Republican alternative: water and land reform. 2000 1990 1980 1970 1960 1950 1940 1930 1920 1910 1900 1902 Josep Arnau mayor 1914 Foundation of Aguas 1919 Dissolution of Aguas 1922 Foundation of Unió de Rabassaires 1923 Primo de Rivera Dictatorship 1924 Infrastructure of Aguas back to Francisco Arnau 1931 Republican mayor 1932 Municipalization of water supply 1931 2 nd Spanish Republic 1934 Catalan agrarian reform declared unconstitutional and democratic town councils dismissed 1936 Franco military rebellion and start of Civil War
60. Case study 3 Results Civil War: alternatives to be “decided”. Franco wins, revenge, repression. Land control consolidated, water privatized. MATADEPERA CATALONIA & SPAIN 2000 1990 1980 1970 1960 1950 1940 1930 1920 1910 1900 1936 Murders in La Barata 1936 Franco military rebellion and start of Civil War 1940 Execution of Republicans 1949 Connection to Llobregat system and refoundation of Aguas 1955-56 Population 730 Urban area 38 ha 1939 End of Civil War and start of Franco Dictatorship Council report, without date. City Archives of Matadepera, box 1075.
61. “ Matadepera… given its geographical conditions… calls for the assignment of a signal-function: a place for resting and summer vacations” Plan de Ordenación de Tarrasa y Matadepera (1951) City Archives of Matadepera, box 540 Case study 3 Results: planned urbanization
62. “ We did nothing and they kicked us out from our home… The owner [town’s Mayor] told to my father ‘it does not matter whether you have a contract, it is useless, the houses are the houses’, exactly this way” Case study 3 Results: dispossession of sharecroppers Mingo Comasòlivas (1930), 26/11/2007
63. Case study 3 Results: enrolling water in the transformation of the territory Comisión traída de aguas a Matadepera, December 1947. City Archives of Matadepera, box 854.
64. “ Not only the current needs of the population will be fulfilled, but also those that in the future may arise … as Matadepera strives to realize its potential as a real holiday-making place” Case study 3 Results: enrolling water in the transformation of the territory President of Aguas to Council, 2 January 1951. City Archives of Matadepera, box 854.
65. MATADEPERA CATALONIA & SPAIN Case study 3 Results: land-cover changes 1966 Agreement Barata & Serra 1976 Town council enters Board of Aguas 1979 Democratic mayor 1984-86 Population 3493 Urban area 180 ha 1992 Mina majority shareholder of Aguas 2008 Population 8701 Urban area 358 ha 1975 Death of Franco 1978 Democratic constitution 2008 Drought metropolitan region of Barcelona 2000 1990 1980 1970 1960 1950 1940 1930 1920 1910 1900 Courtesy of G. Estany Barata to Mayor, 29 April 1971. City Archives of Matadepera, box 385.
66. Case study 2 Results: privatizing profits, socializing costs 1956 2004