This document provides details about a proposed PhD research project that will examine the counseling practices and perspectives of counselors working with targeted HIV intervention programs in Gujarat, India. The research aims to understand counselors' personal experiences providing HIV counseling services, their views on current practices and capacity building needs, and ultimately develop an indigenous and culturally appropriate model for HIV counseling. The proposed methodology is a grounded theory approach involving interviews with approximately 17 counselors and observation of counseling sessions. Expected outcomes include informing culturally appropriate HIV counseling training and practices to support India's National AIDS Control Program.
PhD Proposal Seminar in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies, M S University of Baroda. I presented PhD Seminar in front of PhD Committee, post graduate student, and research scholars. However, after interaction with various experts in USA, I have changed my methodology of my PhD research. To see revised PhD proposal check another presentation: PhD_Proposal Seminar_Revised_
Background:Epilepsy is a medical condition with serious social ramification. People living with epilepsy experience lowered quality of live and altered self-esteem as a result of stigma attached to their condition. This stigma may be attributed to knowledge deficit and different social meaning on epilepsy among populations.This study sort to assess knowledge and social construction of epilepsy and its treatment modalities among households in Vihiga County of Kenya.Method:A survey study was carried between January-June 2016. The study sort to understand knowledge on causes and treatment modalities of epilepsy among people living in Vihiga County. A sample of 121participants was randomly selected from 121 households that were selected through stratified proportionate sampling techniques Results:Thirty five (35%) defined epilepsy by describing what happens during an epileptic fit. 30% defined epilepsy by giving signs and symptoms of the condition, 24% explained epilepsy by explaining cause of the condition while 10% explained using perception:Causes; Respondents gave varied responses on causes for epilepsy, they included, curse, breaking a taboo, heredity, acute illness such as Malaria and complications from physical injury to the brain: Treatment; 50.8% said epilepsy can be treated using anti-epileptic medicine. 11.5% said herbal medication could heal epilepsy, 6% said eating cooked dog meat could heal epilepsy, 20% said rituals and animal sacrifices could heal epilepsy while 1% said epilepsy can be resolved by killing the person who is suffering epilepsy.Conclusion:Though signs and symptoms of epilepsy are well known,there is knowledge deficit on causes and treatment of epilepsy.
Prevention and Care Framework and Priorities
Epidemiology of HIV in the EMA
HIV continuum of care in the Chicago EMA – linkage to care, engaged in care and viral suppression
Reaching the NHAS goals
Child and Family Impacts of the Coronavirus Syndemic: Developmental, Family, ...Université de Montréal
My presentation is part of the WASP-WPA Interorganizational Symposium for the WPA 21st Virtual World Congress of Psychiatry, Catragena, Colombia, October 16-21, 2021
Session Description
At this time, the death toll from COVID-19 is approaching 3 million people worldwide. The full toll of COVID-19 far exceeds
even this sobering number. Beyond the direct biological impacts of an infectious disease, the global impact of COVID-19 is
revealing and magnifying pre-existing fractures in our social structures. COVID-19 has led to significant differential impacts
among groups across age, health and socio-cultural variables, whether through increased direct illness morbidity and
mortality in the elderly or those with mental illness, or through indirect impacts associated with widespread societal and
health system changes, including youth impacted by confinement and social isolation impinging on development of prosocial
skills, increased caregiver and family stresses ranging from financial distress to violence, and further disenfranchisement of
already marginalized and vulnerable groups. At the same time, heightened public awareness and outcry about such
disparities has the potential to fuel new alliances, challenging and perhaps dismantling some historical stereotypes of race,
ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability and illness. Rather than a pandemic, the global impacts reveal a
syndemic – multiple pandemics along different lines, both the viral/biological pandemic, plus a social pandemic superimposed
on pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, sexism, ableism, ageism and other forms of stigma and
discrimination. This session will include discussion of the varied impacts of COVID-19 and exploration of their root causes
from a social psychiatry perspective.
From Plato’s Cave to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Confinement, Social Distancing, ...Université de Montréal
From Plato’s Cave to the COVID-19 Pandemic:
Confinement, Social Distancing, and Biopolitics
Abstract
This essay by a physician-philosopher compares the COVID-19 pandemic to Plato’s allegory of the cave, where prisoners see only shadows cast on the walls of their cave and know them as their only reality. Raised there since childhood, they experience sensory deprivation, impacting their brains and their minds, limiting their perceptions and their understanding. The philosopher who escapes from the cave into the harsh light of day and returns to tell the truth is met by fellow prisoners with derision. The pandemic’s preventive measures of confinement and social distancing may induce sensory deprivation and trauma, creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of vulnerable youth. In the political sphere, philosophers like Giorgio Agamben warn that the COVID-19 crisis creates a pretext for emergency measures, at worst a “techno-medical despotism” in a new form of biopolitics, declaring a medical state of exception where the pandemic crisis is the new normal.
Key words: Plato’s cave, COVID-19 pandemic, sensory deprivation, confinement, social distancing, biopolitics
Defining Social Psychiatry in the 21st Century: The 23rd World Congress of S...Université de Montréal
Defining Social Psychiatry in the 21st Century:
The 23rd World Congress of Social Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania, October 25-28, 2019
& World Social Psychiatry
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, FRCPC, DFAPA
Founder & President, Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry/
Association canadienne de psychiatrie sociale
Chief, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Montreal University Institute for Mental Health
Professor, University of Montreal and The George Washington University
To highlight the re-establishment of the Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry this year, I have been invited to present a review article in the inaugural issue of the new psychiatric journal, World Social Psychiatry, to be launched at the World Congress of Social Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania, October 25-28, 2019. Inspired by a Zulu saying which gets to the heart of the argument, my article is called, “ ‘A Person Is a Person Through Other Persons’: A Social Psychiatry Manifesto for the 21st Century.”
A critical issue for our field is how to define contemporary social psychiatry for our times. In my forthcoming article, I address this definitional task by breaking it down into three major questions for social psychiatry and conclude with a call for action, a manifesto for the 21st century social psychiatry: (1) What is social about psychiatry? I address definitional problems that arise, such as binary thinking, and the need for a common language. (2) What are the theory and practice of social psychiatry? Issues include social psychiatry’s core principles, values, and operational criteria; the social determinants of health and the Global Mental Health (GMH) Movement; and the need for translational research. This part of the review establishes the minimal criteria for a coherent theory of social psychiatry and the view of persons that emerges from such a theory, the social self. (3) Why the time has come for a manifesto for social psychiatry. I outline the parameters for a theory of social psychiatry, based on both the social self and the social determinants of health, to offer an inclusive social definition of health, concluding with a call for action, a manifesto for the 21st century social psychiatry.
In a parallel activity at the World Congress, an international symposium with the theme of defining social psychiatry in the 21st century will bring together eminent psychiatrists from several continents to address this important task for the field of social psychiatry. Professors Adalberto Barreto from Brazil, BS Chavan from India, Oye Gureje from Nigeria, and Yueqin Huang from China will offer their seminal studies and privileged perspectives to open what we hope will be a lively discussion chaired by President-Elect Rachid Bennegadi from France and myself, President of the Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry.
References:
Di Nicola V. Family, psychosocial, and cultural determinants of health. In: E Sorel (Ed), 21st Century Global Mental
CASP Scientific Contributions to 23rd WASP World Congress of Social Psychiatr...Université de Montréal
M Charbonneau, V Di Nicola, KS Gaind. CASP Scientific Contributions to 23rd WASP World Congress of Social Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania – October 25-28, 2019. Global Mental Health & Psychiatry Review, Winter 2020, 1(1): 5-6.
Changelings: Children, Culture and Trauma
Vincenzo Di Nicola
Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma
Global Mental Health Course
Educational Objectives
The presentation will sensitize participants to appreciate basic questions about working with traumatized children and their families across culture to create trauma-informed care:
Why development matters – and how it changes the clinical presentation of trauma at different ages
Why family matters – and how it creates models for the experience of trauma that attenuate or amplify both developmental neurobiology and sociocultural influences
Why culture matters – and how it offers or limits the range of socially privileged perceptions and culturally sanctioned solutions
Outline
Children, Culture and Trauma: Three lenses
Children & Culture: “Looking Across at Growing Up”
Children & Trauma: “Changelings”
“The Nightmare of Childhood”
“The Longest Shadow”
“The Experimental Child”
Culture & Trauma: “Two trauma communities”
Clinical and cultural trauma studies
Healing
Rebrith
Aporias/Puzzles
How does bringing childhood, culture, and trauma together affect our understanding of each?
What does an archaeology of trauma reveal?
(R Mollica: What is the nature of trauma?)
What can be done?
PhD Proposal Seminar in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies, M S University of Baroda. I presented PhD Seminar in front of PhD Committee, post graduate student, and research scholars. However, after interaction with various experts in USA, I have changed my methodology of my PhD research. To see revised PhD proposal check another presentation: PhD_Proposal Seminar_Revised_
Background:Epilepsy is a medical condition with serious social ramification. People living with epilepsy experience lowered quality of live and altered self-esteem as a result of stigma attached to their condition. This stigma may be attributed to knowledge deficit and different social meaning on epilepsy among populations.This study sort to assess knowledge and social construction of epilepsy and its treatment modalities among households in Vihiga County of Kenya.Method:A survey study was carried between January-June 2016. The study sort to understand knowledge on causes and treatment modalities of epilepsy among people living in Vihiga County. A sample of 121participants was randomly selected from 121 households that were selected through stratified proportionate sampling techniques Results:Thirty five (35%) defined epilepsy by describing what happens during an epileptic fit. 30% defined epilepsy by giving signs and symptoms of the condition, 24% explained epilepsy by explaining cause of the condition while 10% explained using perception:Causes; Respondents gave varied responses on causes for epilepsy, they included, curse, breaking a taboo, heredity, acute illness such as Malaria and complications from physical injury to the brain: Treatment; 50.8% said epilepsy can be treated using anti-epileptic medicine. 11.5% said herbal medication could heal epilepsy, 6% said eating cooked dog meat could heal epilepsy, 20% said rituals and animal sacrifices could heal epilepsy while 1% said epilepsy can be resolved by killing the person who is suffering epilepsy.Conclusion:Though signs and symptoms of epilepsy are well known,there is knowledge deficit on causes and treatment of epilepsy.
Prevention and Care Framework and Priorities
Epidemiology of HIV in the EMA
HIV continuum of care in the Chicago EMA – linkage to care, engaged in care and viral suppression
Reaching the NHAS goals
Child and Family Impacts of the Coronavirus Syndemic: Developmental, Family, ...Université de Montréal
My presentation is part of the WASP-WPA Interorganizational Symposium for the WPA 21st Virtual World Congress of Psychiatry, Catragena, Colombia, October 16-21, 2021
Session Description
At this time, the death toll from COVID-19 is approaching 3 million people worldwide. The full toll of COVID-19 far exceeds
even this sobering number. Beyond the direct biological impacts of an infectious disease, the global impact of COVID-19 is
revealing and magnifying pre-existing fractures in our social structures. COVID-19 has led to significant differential impacts
among groups across age, health and socio-cultural variables, whether through increased direct illness morbidity and
mortality in the elderly or those with mental illness, or through indirect impacts associated with widespread societal and
health system changes, including youth impacted by confinement and social isolation impinging on development of prosocial
skills, increased caregiver and family stresses ranging from financial distress to violence, and further disenfranchisement of
already marginalized and vulnerable groups. At the same time, heightened public awareness and outcry about such
disparities has the potential to fuel new alliances, challenging and perhaps dismantling some historical stereotypes of race,
ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability and illness. Rather than a pandemic, the global impacts reveal a
syndemic – multiple pandemics along different lines, both the viral/biological pandemic, plus a social pandemic superimposed
on pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, sexism, ableism, ageism and other forms of stigma and
discrimination. This session will include discussion of the varied impacts of COVID-19 and exploration of their root causes
from a social psychiatry perspective.
From Plato’s Cave to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Confinement, Social Distancing, ...Université de Montréal
From Plato’s Cave to the COVID-19 Pandemic:
Confinement, Social Distancing, and Biopolitics
Abstract
This essay by a physician-philosopher compares the COVID-19 pandemic to Plato’s allegory of the cave, where prisoners see only shadows cast on the walls of their cave and know them as their only reality. Raised there since childhood, they experience sensory deprivation, impacting their brains and their minds, limiting their perceptions and their understanding. The philosopher who escapes from the cave into the harsh light of day and returns to tell the truth is met by fellow prisoners with derision. The pandemic’s preventive measures of confinement and social distancing may induce sensory deprivation and trauma, creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of vulnerable youth. In the political sphere, philosophers like Giorgio Agamben warn that the COVID-19 crisis creates a pretext for emergency measures, at worst a “techno-medical despotism” in a new form of biopolitics, declaring a medical state of exception where the pandemic crisis is the new normal.
Key words: Plato’s cave, COVID-19 pandemic, sensory deprivation, confinement, social distancing, biopolitics
Defining Social Psychiatry in the 21st Century: The 23rd World Congress of S...Université de Montréal
Defining Social Psychiatry in the 21st Century:
The 23rd World Congress of Social Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania, October 25-28, 2019
& World Social Psychiatry
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, FRCPC, DFAPA
Founder & President, Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry/
Association canadienne de psychiatrie sociale
Chief, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Montreal University Institute for Mental Health
Professor, University of Montreal and The George Washington University
To highlight the re-establishment of the Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry this year, I have been invited to present a review article in the inaugural issue of the new psychiatric journal, World Social Psychiatry, to be launched at the World Congress of Social Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania, October 25-28, 2019. Inspired by a Zulu saying which gets to the heart of the argument, my article is called, “ ‘A Person Is a Person Through Other Persons’: A Social Psychiatry Manifesto for the 21st Century.”
A critical issue for our field is how to define contemporary social psychiatry for our times. In my forthcoming article, I address this definitional task by breaking it down into three major questions for social psychiatry and conclude with a call for action, a manifesto for the 21st century social psychiatry: (1) What is social about psychiatry? I address definitional problems that arise, such as binary thinking, and the need for a common language. (2) What are the theory and practice of social psychiatry? Issues include social psychiatry’s core principles, values, and operational criteria; the social determinants of health and the Global Mental Health (GMH) Movement; and the need for translational research. This part of the review establishes the minimal criteria for a coherent theory of social psychiatry and the view of persons that emerges from such a theory, the social self. (3) Why the time has come for a manifesto for social psychiatry. I outline the parameters for a theory of social psychiatry, based on both the social self and the social determinants of health, to offer an inclusive social definition of health, concluding with a call for action, a manifesto for the 21st century social psychiatry.
In a parallel activity at the World Congress, an international symposium with the theme of defining social psychiatry in the 21st century will bring together eminent psychiatrists from several continents to address this important task for the field of social psychiatry. Professors Adalberto Barreto from Brazil, BS Chavan from India, Oye Gureje from Nigeria, and Yueqin Huang from China will offer their seminal studies and privileged perspectives to open what we hope will be a lively discussion chaired by President-Elect Rachid Bennegadi from France and myself, President of the Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry.
References:
Di Nicola V. Family, psychosocial, and cultural determinants of health. In: E Sorel (Ed), 21st Century Global Mental
CASP Scientific Contributions to 23rd WASP World Congress of Social Psychiatr...Université de Montréal
M Charbonneau, V Di Nicola, KS Gaind. CASP Scientific Contributions to 23rd WASP World Congress of Social Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania – October 25-28, 2019. Global Mental Health & Psychiatry Review, Winter 2020, 1(1): 5-6.
Changelings: Children, Culture and Trauma
Vincenzo Di Nicola
Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma
Global Mental Health Course
Educational Objectives
The presentation will sensitize participants to appreciate basic questions about working with traumatized children and their families across culture to create trauma-informed care:
Why development matters – and how it changes the clinical presentation of trauma at different ages
Why family matters – and how it creates models for the experience of trauma that attenuate or amplify both developmental neurobiology and sociocultural influences
Why culture matters – and how it offers or limits the range of socially privileged perceptions and culturally sanctioned solutions
Outline
Children, Culture and Trauma: Three lenses
Children & Culture: “Looking Across at Growing Up”
Children & Trauma: “Changelings”
“The Nightmare of Childhood”
“The Longest Shadow”
“The Experimental Child”
Culture & Trauma: “Two trauma communities”
Clinical and cultural trauma studies
Healing
Rebrith
Aporias/Puzzles
How does bringing childhood, culture, and trauma together affect our understanding of each?
What does an archaeology of trauma reveal?
(R Mollica: What is the nature of trauma?)
What can be done?
Social Unrest and Mental Health
World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP) Symposium
at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting 2021
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, DFAPA, FCPA President, CASP; President-Elect, WASP Professor of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, QC
Learning objectives
To understand the association between social unrest and mental health …
Specifically, to:
Identify the social determinants of unrest
Offer case examples of social unrest
Review WHO prevalence estimates and overall mental health impacts of social unrest
Discuss special considerations for children, youth & families
Plan for presentation
Social unrest and mental health: 30-45 minutes – V Di Nicola Social determinants: Triggers, aggravators & attenuators, circularity
Case examples (evidence-based studies)
Hong Kong Protests Black Lives Matter
WHO Prevalence Estimates (data)
Protests, Riots & Revolutions: A systematic review
Children, Youth & Families: Special considerations
The Global South - Global Mental Health & Psychiatry Newsletter - June 2018Université de Montréal
In this essay, I discuss the evolving notion of the Global South. These considerations point to the need to understand and embrace the emerging characteristics of the Global south that I define as syncretism, conviviality, and porosity. Syncretism is the practice of different religious traditions such as Catholicism and Afro-Brazilian candomblé side by side to create new syntheses of belief and practice. I am applying this more generally to the capacity in the Global south to embrace plurality and difference to create more a more harmonious and inclusive syncretic culture. Conviviality is a similar term invoked by Ivan Illich, emphasizing interdependence. Porosity is an idea I adopted from the work of Walter Benjamin in my work in Brazil and Haiti to soften borders and boundaries in the daily work of culture. What these three notions have in common is a more fluid, less categorical approach to culture, medicine and politics.
Антиретровирусное лечение – перспективы Европейского клинического общества по...hivlifeinfo
Антиретровирусное лечение – перспективы Европейского клинического общества по СПИДу (EACS)/Antiretroviral Treatment.The European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) Perspective.2017
The Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry (CASP) / l’Association Canadien...Université de Montréal
Article announcing the formation of the renewed Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry / l’Association Canadienne de Psychiatrie Sociale (CASP/ACPS).
The Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry/l’Association Canadienne de Psychiatrie Sociale (CASP/ACPS) has been admitted to the World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP) with a warm welcome from WASP President Roy Kallivayalil and the Executive Committee. Reflecting Canada’s two official languages, English and French, CASP/ACPS is a bilingual association with Founding Members across Canada, from Quebec in the East to Ontario in Central Canada, and British Columbia in the West.
“The Experimental Child”: Child, Family & Community Impacts of the Coronaviru...Université de Montréal
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus crisis a natural laboratory of stress offering health and social care services a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This hostile new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments.
For this reason, this crisis has been renamed a syndemic, encompassing two different categories of disease—an infectious disease (SARS-CoV-2) and an array of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Together, these conditions cluster within specific populations following deeply-embedded patterns of inequality and vulnerability (Horton, 2020). These pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, ableism, ageism create stigma and discrimination and amplify the impacts of this syndemic. And children are the most vulnerable population around the world. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020).
This exceptional set of circumstances—in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies—is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health in partner with child and family psychiatry and allied professions must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced syndemic in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions, and prospective paediatric, psychological, and social studies will be outlined.
Keywords: Children & families, COVID-19, syndemic, ACE Study, confinement, social isolation
Aridhia recently presented a keynote session on the big data phenomenon and the implications for healthcare at the 4th Big Data Insight Group Forum in London, November 2012.
Considering the main theme of the Congress “Innovations in Social Psychiatry Across the World,” our symposium, which is organized by the WASP Section of Family Intervention Programs, will address both themes proposed by the congress: Psychosocial Interventions in Psychiatry and Mental Health Users and Care Givers and their role in improving the recovery of psychotic patients, especially with the Covid-19 pandemic tsunami:
(1) Prof. Mathew Varghese will talk about Family interventions with psychoses, in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic through a trial of an online caregiver training program.
(2) Dr. Yann Hodé’s presentation addresses whether the Family Intervention Program “Profamille” reduces suicidality due to better compliance.
(3) Dr. Fattah’s presentation will develop a new management paradigm involving a former patient as a new agent of recovery and elaborate the role of the Peer Health Mediator within an outpatient unit and what he brings with his experiential knowledge of the disease, promoting recovery in patients and empowerment in their families.
(4) Prof. Vincenzo Di Nicola addresses the impact on vulnerable youth and families of the Covid-19 “syndemic” (defined as a series of simultaneous pandemics with both biological and social psychiatric vectors), with an emphasis on youth at risk for psychosis and related mental and relational disorders.
Key Words: Family Intervention Programs, Caregivers, Recovery
The PhD as Quest: A modest proposal for a new metaphor of doctoral education Alistair McCulloch
This presentation shows how the idea of the quest is a better metaphor for doctoral education or doing a PhD than the most frequently used metaphor, the journey. A journey implies a linear process without necessarily any struggle. A quest implies a long journey in search of a precious object, a hero, a test or series of tests, guardians of the object and helpers. Ultimately, however, it is the hero who must win the PhD. The presentation was originally presented at the 4th International Conference on Postgraduate Supervision, held at Stellenbosch, South Africa in April 2013, and has since been published in full as A McCulloch (2013). 'The quest for the PhD: a better metaphor for doctoral education', International Journal for Researcher Development 4 (1), 55-66.
Social Unrest and Mental Health
World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP) Symposium
at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting 2021
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, DFAPA, FCPA President, CASP; President-Elect, WASP Professor of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, QC
Learning objectives
To understand the association between social unrest and mental health …
Specifically, to:
Identify the social determinants of unrest
Offer case examples of social unrest
Review WHO prevalence estimates and overall mental health impacts of social unrest
Discuss special considerations for children, youth & families
Plan for presentation
Social unrest and mental health: 30-45 minutes – V Di Nicola Social determinants: Triggers, aggravators & attenuators, circularity
Case examples (evidence-based studies)
Hong Kong Protests Black Lives Matter
WHO Prevalence Estimates (data)
Protests, Riots & Revolutions: A systematic review
Children, Youth & Families: Special considerations
The Global South - Global Mental Health & Psychiatry Newsletter - June 2018Université de Montréal
In this essay, I discuss the evolving notion of the Global South. These considerations point to the need to understand and embrace the emerging characteristics of the Global south that I define as syncretism, conviviality, and porosity. Syncretism is the practice of different religious traditions such as Catholicism and Afro-Brazilian candomblé side by side to create new syntheses of belief and practice. I am applying this more generally to the capacity in the Global south to embrace plurality and difference to create more a more harmonious and inclusive syncretic culture. Conviviality is a similar term invoked by Ivan Illich, emphasizing interdependence. Porosity is an idea I adopted from the work of Walter Benjamin in my work in Brazil and Haiti to soften borders and boundaries in the daily work of culture. What these three notions have in common is a more fluid, less categorical approach to culture, medicine and politics.
Антиретровирусное лечение – перспективы Европейского клинического общества по...hivlifeinfo
Антиретровирусное лечение – перспективы Европейского клинического общества по СПИДу (EACS)/Antiretroviral Treatment.The European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) Perspective.2017
The Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry (CASP) / l’Association Canadien...Université de Montréal
Article announcing the formation of the renewed Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry / l’Association Canadienne de Psychiatrie Sociale (CASP/ACPS).
The Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry/l’Association Canadienne de Psychiatrie Sociale (CASP/ACPS) has been admitted to the World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP) with a warm welcome from WASP President Roy Kallivayalil and the Executive Committee. Reflecting Canada’s two official languages, English and French, CASP/ACPS is a bilingual association with Founding Members across Canada, from Quebec in the East to Ontario in Central Canada, and British Columbia in the West.
“The Experimental Child”: Child, Family & Community Impacts of the Coronaviru...Université de Montréal
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus crisis a natural laboratory of stress offering health and social care services a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This hostile new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments.
For this reason, this crisis has been renamed a syndemic, encompassing two different categories of disease—an infectious disease (SARS-CoV-2) and an array of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Together, these conditions cluster within specific populations following deeply-embedded patterns of inequality and vulnerability (Horton, 2020). These pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, ableism, ageism create stigma and discrimination and amplify the impacts of this syndemic. And children are the most vulnerable population around the world. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020).
This exceptional set of circumstances—in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies—is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health in partner with child and family psychiatry and allied professions must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced syndemic in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions, and prospective paediatric, psychological, and social studies will be outlined.
Keywords: Children & families, COVID-19, syndemic, ACE Study, confinement, social isolation
Aridhia recently presented a keynote session on the big data phenomenon and the implications for healthcare at the 4th Big Data Insight Group Forum in London, November 2012.
Considering the main theme of the Congress “Innovations in Social Psychiatry Across the World,” our symposium, which is organized by the WASP Section of Family Intervention Programs, will address both themes proposed by the congress: Psychosocial Interventions in Psychiatry and Mental Health Users and Care Givers and their role in improving the recovery of psychotic patients, especially with the Covid-19 pandemic tsunami:
(1) Prof. Mathew Varghese will talk about Family interventions with psychoses, in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic through a trial of an online caregiver training program.
(2) Dr. Yann Hodé’s presentation addresses whether the Family Intervention Program “Profamille” reduces suicidality due to better compliance.
(3) Dr. Fattah’s presentation will develop a new management paradigm involving a former patient as a new agent of recovery and elaborate the role of the Peer Health Mediator within an outpatient unit and what he brings with his experiential knowledge of the disease, promoting recovery in patients and empowerment in their families.
(4) Prof. Vincenzo Di Nicola addresses the impact on vulnerable youth and families of the Covid-19 “syndemic” (defined as a series of simultaneous pandemics with both biological and social psychiatric vectors), with an emphasis on youth at risk for psychosis and related mental and relational disorders.
Key Words: Family Intervention Programs, Caregivers, Recovery
The PhD as Quest: A modest proposal for a new metaphor of doctoral education Alistair McCulloch
This presentation shows how the idea of the quest is a better metaphor for doctoral education or doing a PhD than the most frequently used metaphor, the journey. A journey implies a linear process without necessarily any struggle. A quest implies a long journey in search of a precious object, a hero, a test or series of tests, guardians of the object and helpers. Ultimately, however, it is the hero who must win the PhD. The presentation was originally presented at the 4th International Conference on Postgraduate Supervision, held at Stellenbosch, South Africa in April 2013, and has since been published in full as A McCulloch (2013). 'The quest for the PhD: a better metaphor for doctoral education', International Journal for Researcher Development 4 (1), 55-66.
Identifying Emotions in Tweets for Brazilian Stock Market Prediction (WTD Pre...Fernando Vieira da Silva
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PhD Proposal Seminar_Revised__Apurva 21oct2010
1. HIV Counseling Practices:
Experiences and Perspectives of Counselors Working
with Targeted Interventions in Gujarat
PhD Research Proposal
Apurva Pandya, MA Shagufa Kapadia,PhD
Researcher Research
Guide
Department of Human Development and Family Studies
Faculty of Family and Community Sciences,
M S University of Baroda, Vadodara
21 October 2010 1
2. A GLOBAL VIEW OF HIV INFECTION
Number of people living with HIV
33.2 Million
Young people aged 15–24 living with
HIV 5.4 million
Children below 15 years living with
HIV 2.5 Million
2
3. GLOBAL SCENARIO
Everyday 6800 people get HIV infection.
96% are belong to poor and middle income countries.
5600 are adult,1200 are children and out of which
50% are women and 40% are young (15-24 years of
age).
Negative impact on life ( life expectancy, orphans,
economic crisis, stigma and discrimination).
3
4. TYPES OF HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC
NASCENT EPIDEMIC
An HIV epidemic in a country in which less than 5% of individuals in
high-risk groups are infected.
CONCENTRATED EPIDEMIC
An HIV epidemic in a country in which 5% or more of individuals in
high-risk groups, but less than 5% of women attending urban ante-natal
clinics are infected.
GENERALISED EPIDEMIC
An HIV epidemic in a country where more than 5% of individuals in
high-risk groups as well as women attending urban ante-natal clinics are
infected.
(World Bank, 1997, 87)
It is easier to control a nascent epidemic than a generalised one.
4
5. HIV/AIDS: INDIAN SCENARIO
120000
104087
100000
80000
Number of AIDS cases
56615
60000
40000
12193
20000 8890
0
0-14 years 15-29 years 30-49 years >49 years
Age Group
Total 1,81,785 people
are living with HIV
(June,2007).
Out of them, 31.2 are
women.
5
6. HIV PREVALANCE IN DIFFERENT GROUPS
8.00
IDU, 6.95
7.00 MSM, 6.48
6.00
FSW, 4.9
5.00
4.00 STD, 3.74
3.00
o
n
P
e
y
v
c
s
r
t
i
2.00
1.00 ANC, 0.6
0.00
6
9. GLOBAL EFFORTS IN PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS
Phase-1 Phase 2: Phase3:
Up to mid 1990s Mid 1990s to 2000 2000 to date
Characterised by Health Characterised by Period of paradigm
Belief Model [a medical Primary Behaviour ‘shift’, recognition that
problem] Change (informed by social, community and
Health Belief Model and structural factors are
Medically and various behaviour important, but
epidemiologically driven. change theories and biomedical and
Education and knowledge
are regarded as ‘the key to
models) [a behavioural behavioural approaches
effective prevention’ problem] still dominant [a
(UNESCO, 2005, 6) development issue].
9
11. But infections continued to rise…
questions asked…
Appropriateness for sexual behaviour
A Western approach
Onus on the individual
No understanding of the risk taking
environment
11
12. GLOBAL EFFORTS IN PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS
Phase-1 Phase 2: Phase3:
Up to mid 1990s Mid 1990s to 2000 2000 to date
Characterised by Health Characterised by Period of paradigm
Belief Model [a medical Primary Behaviour ‘shift’, recognition that
problem] Change (informed by social, community and
Health Belief Model and structural factors are
Medically and various behaviour important, but
epidemiologically driven. change theories and biomedical and
Education and knowledge
are regarded as ‘the key to
models) [a behavioural behavioural approaches
effective prevention’ problem] still dominant [a
(UNESCO, 2005, 6) UN agencies development issue].
combined forces
Multi-sectoral
approach (SIPPA,
2005, 11) ABC 12
12
15. But infections continued to rise…
questions asked…
Why are people still continuing to take risks?
Research showing that individual agency is
constrained by social, economic and structural
factors, such as poverty, mobility and migration
patterns and gender inequality (Parker, 2000).
15
16. GLOBAL EFFORTS IN PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS
Phase-1 Phase 2: Phase3:
Up to mid 1990s Mid 1990s to 2000 2000 to date
Characterised by Health Characterised by Period of paradigm
Belief Model [a medical Primary Behaviour ‘shift’, recognition that
problem] Change (informed by social, community and
Health Belief Model and structural factors are
Medically and various behaviour important, but
epidemiologically driven. change theories and biomedical and
Education and knowledge
are regarded as ‘the key to
models) [a behavioural behavioural approaches
effective prevention’ problem] still dominant [a
(UNESCO, 2005, 6) UN agencies development issue].
combined forces Tackling HIV/AIDS
Multi-sectoral becomes a
approach (SIPPA, Millennium
2005, 11) ABC Development Goal 16 16
17. THE WIDER PICTURE OF THE FACTORS THAT
FACILITATE HIV TRANSMISSION
17
18. SOME ISSUES
Less number people who need ARV, receiving ARV.
Patient compliance -especially in deprived
communities.
Fears of drug resistance and strains of development of
viral load.
Focus diverted to care and treatment - Prevention
need is ignored.
Infection and death from HIV and AIDS continue to
rise.
Despite knowledge risky sexual behaviour
18
19. PARADIGM SHIFT
AIDS is a ‘behavioural problem with
behavioural solutions.’ (Green, 2003).
Questioned by Farmer.
‘AIDS is also surely, a social problem with social
solutions.’ (Farmer, 2003).
19
20. “AIDS is rooted in problems of poverty, food and livelihood
insecurity, socio-cultural inequalities and poor support services
and infrastructure.” ( Hemrich & Topouzis, 2000).
‘...there is a need to focus on the psycho-social and community level
determinants of sexuality. We need to pay attention to the social change
that needs to take place to support the likelihood of healthier sexual
behaviour. Sexual behaviour, and the possibility of sexual behavioural
change, are determined by an interlocking series of multi-level processes,
ranging from the intra-psychological to the macro-social.’ (Campbell , 2003.
p. 183) 20
21. CHALLENGES IN HIV PREVENTION
The HIV/AIDS epidemic is hidden, often concentrated among already
marginalized groups.
[female sex workers (FSW), Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) and spouses of
Men who have Sex with Men (MSM)].
Number of people are testing for HIV.
HIV/AIDS related stigma.
Programmes that exist are based on clinical services reaching out to a
limited number of those in need.
The programmes pay little attention to the psycho-social needs of the
most-at-risk populations (MARPs).
21
22. Behaviour change is the key !
Hence counseling remains significant aspect of HIV
prevention, care, support and treatment.
AIDS responses have grown and improved
considerably over the past decade. But they still do not
match the scale or the pace of a steadily worsening
epidemic.’ (UNAIDS, 2005,5)
‘…the AIDS epidemic continues to
outstrip global efforts to contain it.’
(UNAIDS, 2005,6
‘…responses to the epidemic came too late and were not
commensurate to the magnitude and urgency of the
challenge.’ (UNESCO, 2005, 5) 22
23. CURRENT NEED
People need knowledge to enable them to be
able to make choices about their life styles.
But this alone cannot guarantee behavioural
change.
There are many intervening factors that
prevent individuals adopting safer behaviour.
23
24. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE THEORIES AND MODELS
1. INDIVIDUAL FOCUSED
THEORIES 2. SOCIAL THEORIES AND
MODELS
Health belief model
Social learning theory Diffusion of innovation theory
Theory of reasoned action
Stages of change model Social influence or social inoculation model
AIDS risk reduction model
3. STRUCTURAL AND Social Network theory
ENVIRONMENTAL
Theory of gender and power
THEORIES AND MODELS
4. CONSTRUCTS ALONE AND
TRANSTHEORETICAL
Theory for individual and social change or MODELS
empowerment model
Perception of risk control
Social ecological model for health promotion
Socio economic factors Sexual communication 24
25. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
HIV is the virus which can be prevented from transmission
through change in behavior.
Change in knowledge about STI/HIV and risky sexual behavior
is the way to prevent HIV transmission among most-at-risk
populations (MARPs).
The programmes pay little attention to the psycho-social needs
of the MARPs.
Many theories of behaviour change exist but none is depicting
counselors’ experiences and explore counselors’ perspectives.
Indigenous counseling practices are not known in Indian
context.
25
26. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Main Objective
The intent of this research is to examine personal experiences of
counselors’, and juxtapose them with their preferred counseling
theories to evolve a culturally appropriate theory or model of HIV
counseling.
Specific Objectives
Examine counselors’ personal and professional experiences of
providing HIV counseling services.
Understand their perspectives on current practices and capacity
building.
Evolve indigenous practices and a culturally appropriate working
model for HIV counseling. 26
27. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
How do counselors practice HIV counseling services
within targeted intervention?
How do counselors use or develop counseling skills
and techniques?
How do counselors deal with challenges in everyday
counseling practice?
What are counselors’ perspectives on current HIV
counseling practice and their capacity building?
Does the experience of HIV counseling enable
development of a personal counseling approach?
How? 27
28. Research Design
Research Methodology: Grounded Theory (GT).
It helps in discovery of new information (Glaser and Strauss 1967).
Develop theoretical formulations (Byrne 2001) , and
Establish framework for future exploration (Strauss & Corbin, 1990).
Universe:
Counselors working with Targeted Interventions in the state of Gujarat and
their clients
Sample Size:
Sample size will be determined on the basis of saturation of themes.
Approximately Seventeen Counselors will be interviewed and five counseling
sessions will be observed
Sampling Technique:
Theoretical Sampling
Data Collection Tools:
In-depth interview protocol and naturalistic observation protocol 28
9
29. DATA COLLECTION THROUGH VARIOUS
METHODS
To Gain Demographic
Information, Understand
Knowledge and Beliefs of
Counselors─HIV/AIDS, Targeted To Understand Counseling
Types of Research Data
Interventions, Risk populations, Effectiveness, Clients’
and Counseling, Feedback and Perceptions of
Existing HIV counseling practices Counseling
Text Visual
Narrative
To Understand
Process of
In-depth Interview Brief Interview of Counseling
Counseling documents of Counselors Clients
For example, daily diary,
registers Observational Field Photographs Participants
Observation of
Notes Counseling sessions
To Understand Recording To Understand Counseling Context and
and documentation of
counseling process Organizational Environment
29
30. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Informed consent in written- counselors and clients (in case of
naturalistic observation)
Voluntary participation.
Any form of moral, physical or emotional harm .
Adequate training on ethics in social science research and research
methodology from-
Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai;
Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New
York
Prior approval from Gujarat State AIDS Control Society,
Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Gujarat
has been taken.
30
31. PLAN OF ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES
Qualitative analysis using Maxqda® Explore emerging themes around following concepts and
or ATLAS- Ti or NVIVO 9 new themes.
•Indigenous counseling skills, techniques and strategies
•Ways counselor relate psychological concepts
•Reflections on everyday counseling practice
Evolve culture specific counseling theory or model
A grounded theory based analytic approach will be used. The conceptual framework proposed in
this study will provide an initial list of themes, while allowing for new themes to emerge from
the data.
31
32. ANALYTICAL ISSUES AND THEIR RESOLUTION
Sr. Analytical Issues Management
No.
1 Threat to Theoretical Validity Researcher will remain :
open and receptive to respondents
responses
open to contradictory evidence
2 Threat to Interpretive Validity Researcher will remain aware about
Researchers’ bias to interpret data perspectives and beliefs the research
brings to the research project.
Recoding of the data by external person
External Audit of the result and
discussion will be carried out
3 Threat to Descriptive Validity Audio -taping interviews and detailed,
concrete, and chronological field notes
during the interview process will be taken
Member Check will be applied to ensure
description validity.
Technical literature review will be done
once coding is completed 32
33. EXPECTED OUTCOME
Inform culturally appropriate HIV counseling theory or model to
National AIDS Control Programme Phase III of National AIDS
Control Organization (NACO).
Facilitate policy development on HIV counseling to support decision-
making to improve the quality of HIV counselors’ training and
counseling practices.
Contribute to the development of counselors’ training modules,
counseling tool kit and counseling best practices specific to Targeted
Intervention programme of the Gujarat state.
Facilitate development of culturally appropriate counseling theory or
model for the country to guide Targeted Intervention programme.
33
34. PLAN OF ACTION
Activities Oct- Jan- May- Dec Jan Feb Mar-1 Apr- May- Jun- Jul-1 Aug-12
Dec Apr Nov -11 -12 -12 2 12 12 12 2
10 11 11
Review of Literature
Development of
Data Collection
Protocol
Data Collection
Interim Analysis
Preliminary Analysis
PoA Seminar
Writing Results and
ROL
Writing Discussion
R&D Seminar
Synopsis
Thesis Submission
34
35. REFERENCES
Bogdan, R. & Biklen, R.C. (1992). Qualitative research for education: An introduction
to theory and methods. Boston: Allyn-Bacon.
Byrne, M. (2001). Grounded theory as a qualitative research methodology. AORN
Journal, 73 (6), 1155-1156.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1997). Perspectives in disease prevention
and health promotion: Public Health Service guidelines for counseling and antibody
testing to prevent HIV infection and AIDS. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1987; 36:509–15.
[Medline]
Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (1994). Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage.
Lincoln, Y. & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Maxwell, J.A. (1996). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage.
National AIDS Control Organization (2009). 2009-10 Annual Report. Department of
AIDS Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New
Delhi.
Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory
procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
35
36. THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!
DOORS ARE OPEN FOR YOUR COMMENTS
AND FEEDBACK!
36
Editor's Notes
Move the conceptual framework slide before the objectives (that is, after the rationale).
The first two seem similar. Check and clarify. Is this or the next slide to be considered?