PhD Proposal Seminar in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies, M S University of Baroda. I presented PhD Seminar in front of PhD Committee, post graduate student, and research scholars. However, after interaction with various experts in USA, I have changed my methodology of my PhD research. To see revised PhD proposal check another presentation: PhD_Proposal Seminar_Revised_
Gender,HIV/AIDs Transmission: Socio Economic And Socio Cultural Impact in Tan...Sandeep Singh
The research was done in Tanzania and presented at Banaras Hindu University International Conference who also published Complete article in "EDUCATION FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM" by Nutan Publication Chapter 6 ISBN: 978 81 927002 1 2
Background:Epilepsy is a medical condition with serious social ramification. People living with epilepsy experience lowered quality of live and altered self-esteem as a result of stigma attached to their condition. This stigma may be attributed to knowledge deficit and different social meaning on epilepsy among populations.This study sort to assess knowledge and social construction of epilepsy and its treatment modalities among households in Vihiga County of Kenya.Method:A survey study was carried between January-June 2016. The study sort to understand knowledge on causes and treatment modalities of epilepsy among people living in Vihiga County. A sample of 121participants was randomly selected from 121 households that were selected through stratified proportionate sampling techniques Results:Thirty five (35%) defined epilepsy by describing what happens during an epileptic fit. 30% defined epilepsy by giving signs and symptoms of the condition, 24% explained epilepsy by explaining cause of the condition while 10% explained using perception:Causes; Respondents gave varied responses on causes for epilepsy, they included, curse, breaking a taboo, heredity, acute illness such as Malaria and complications from physical injury to the brain: Treatment; 50.8% said epilepsy can be treated using anti-epileptic medicine. 11.5% said herbal medication could heal epilepsy, 6% said eating cooked dog meat could heal epilepsy, 20% said rituals and animal sacrifices could heal epilepsy while 1% said epilepsy can be resolved by killing the person who is suffering epilepsy.Conclusion:Though signs and symptoms of epilepsy are well known,there is knowledge deficit on causes and treatment of epilepsy.
Social Challenges Facing Low Income Earning Women Living With HIV/AIDS: A Cas...paperpublications3
Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been in existence for more than twenty years and women account for nearly half the 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS. Women’s rate of new infection surpasses men’s because biological, cultural, and social economic conditions contribute to women’s greater vulnerability to HIV. The challenges that these low-income earning women living with HIV/AIDS face are social, economic, and psychological. When a woman is sick the family’s property, the children’s education, savings and food security are threatened because women provide the majority of labour and managerial services for their household. The purpose of the study was to establish the social challenges that face low-income earning women living with HIV/AIDS. A sample of 248 out of a population of 700 who were receiving Home Based Care within Nakuru Municipality was selected. The study was a survey where Questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that low income women living with HIV/AIDS faced various social challenges such as shame, discrimination, and causing strain in the family among others. The disparities that existed among the singles and the married revealed that one’s marital status determined the extent to which one was ashamed, evoked negative changes in the behaviour of family members and experienced discrimination based on their HIV/AIDS status. The implications of the findings is that the public support for the low-income women living with HIV/AIDS is inadequate and mostly material, and emotional support is also crucial in the management and coping with HIV/AIDS.
From Plato’s Cave to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Confinement, Social Distancing, ...Université de Montréal
From Plato’s Cave to the COVID-19 Pandemic:
Confinement, Social Distancing, and Biopolitics
Abstract
This essay by a physician-philosopher compares the COVID-19 pandemic to Plato’s allegory of the cave, where prisoners see only shadows cast on the walls of their cave and know them as their only reality. Raised there since childhood, they experience sensory deprivation, impacting their brains and their minds, limiting their perceptions and their understanding. The philosopher who escapes from the cave into the harsh light of day and returns to tell the truth is met by fellow prisoners with derision. The pandemic’s preventive measures of confinement and social distancing may induce sensory deprivation and trauma, creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of vulnerable youth. In the political sphere, philosophers like Giorgio Agamben warn that the COVID-19 crisis creates a pretext for emergency measures, at worst a “techno-medical despotism” in a new form of biopolitics, declaring a medical state of exception where the pandemic crisis is the new normal.
Key words: Plato’s cave, COVID-19 pandemic, sensory deprivation, confinement, social distancing, biopolitics
Gender,HIV/AIDs Transmission: Socio Economic And Socio Cultural Impact in Tan...Sandeep Singh
The research was done in Tanzania and presented at Banaras Hindu University International Conference who also published Complete article in "EDUCATION FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM" by Nutan Publication Chapter 6 ISBN: 978 81 927002 1 2
Background:Epilepsy is a medical condition with serious social ramification. People living with epilepsy experience lowered quality of live and altered self-esteem as a result of stigma attached to their condition. This stigma may be attributed to knowledge deficit and different social meaning on epilepsy among populations.This study sort to assess knowledge and social construction of epilepsy and its treatment modalities among households in Vihiga County of Kenya.Method:A survey study was carried between January-June 2016. The study sort to understand knowledge on causes and treatment modalities of epilepsy among people living in Vihiga County. A sample of 121participants was randomly selected from 121 households that were selected through stratified proportionate sampling techniques Results:Thirty five (35%) defined epilepsy by describing what happens during an epileptic fit. 30% defined epilepsy by giving signs and symptoms of the condition, 24% explained epilepsy by explaining cause of the condition while 10% explained using perception:Causes; Respondents gave varied responses on causes for epilepsy, they included, curse, breaking a taboo, heredity, acute illness such as Malaria and complications from physical injury to the brain: Treatment; 50.8% said epilepsy can be treated using anti-epileptic medicine. 11.5% said herbal medication could heal epilepsy, 6% said eating cooked dog meat could heal epilepsy, 20% said rituals and animal sacrifices could heal epilepsy while 1% said epilepsy can be resolved by killing the person who is suffering epilepsy.Conclusion:Though signs and symptoms of epilepsy are well known,there is knowledge deficit on causes and treatment of epilepsy.
Social Challenges Facing Low Income Earning Women Living With HIV/AIDS: A Cas...paperpublications3
Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been in existence for more than twenty years and women account for nearly half the 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS. Women’s rate of new infection surpasses men’s because biological, cultural, and social economic conditions contribute to women’s greater vulnerability to HIV. The challenges that these low-income earning women living with HIV/AIDS face are social, economic, and psychological. When a woman is sick the family’s property, the children’s education, savings and food security are threatened because women provide the majority of labour and managerial services for their household. The purpose of the study was to establish the social challenges that face low-income earning women living with HIV/AIDS. A sample of 248 out of a population of 700 who were receiving Home Based Care within Nakuru Municipality was selected. The study was a survey where Questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that low income women living with HIV/AIDS faced various social challenges such as shame, discrimination, and causing strain in the family among others. The disparities that existed among the singles and the married revealed that one’s marital status determined the extent to which one was ashamed, evoked negative changes in the behaviour of family members and experienced discrimination based on their HIV/AIDS status. The implications of the findings is that the public support for the low-income women living with HIV/AIDS is inadequate and mostly material, and emotional support is also crucial in the management and coping with HIV/AIDS.
From Plato’s Cave to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Confinement, Social Distancing, ...Université de Montréal
From Plato’s Cave to the COVID-19 Pandemic:
Confinement, Social Distancing, and Biopolitics
Abstract
This essay by a physician-philosopher compares the COVID-19 pandemic to Plato’s allegory of the cave, where prisoners see only shadows cast on the walls of their cave and know them as their only reality. Raised there since childhood, they experience sensory deprivation, impacting their brains and their minds, limiting their perceptions and their understanding. The philosopher who escapes from the cave into the harsh light of day and returns to tell the truth is met by fellow prisoners with derision. The pandemic’s preventive measures of confinement and social distancing may induce sensory deprivation and trauma, creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of vulnerable youth. In the political sphere, philosophers like Giorgio Agamben warn that the COVID-19 crisis creates a pretext for emergency measures, at worst a “techno-medical despotism” in a new form of biopolitics, declaring a medical state of exception where the pandemic crisis is the new normal.
Key words: Plato’s cave, COVID-19 pandemic, sensory deprivation, confinement, social distancing, biopolitics
CASP Scientific Contributions to 23rd WASP World Congress of Social Psychiatr...Université de Montréal
M Charbonneau, V Di Nicola, KS Gaind. CASP Scientific Contributions to 23rd WASP World Congress of Social Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania – October 25-28, 2019. Global Mental Health & Psychiatry Review, Winter 2020, 1(1): 5-6.
Defining Social Psychiatry in the 21st Century: The 23rd World Congress of S...Université de Montréal
Defining Social Psychiatry in the 21st Century:
The 23rd World Congress of Social Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania, October 25-28, 2019
& World Social Psychiatry
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, FRCPC, DFAPA
Founder & President, Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry/
Association canadienne de psychiatrie sociale
Chief, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Montreal University Institute for Mental Health
Professor, University of Montreal and The George Washington University
To highlight the re-establishment of the Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry this year, I have been invited to present a review article in the inaugural issue of the new psychiatric journal, World Social Psychiatry, to be launched at the World Congress of Social Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania, October 25-28, 2019. Inspired by a Zulu saying which gets to the heart of the argument, my article is called, “ ‘A Person Is a Person Through Other Persons’: A Social Psychiatry Manifesto for the 21st Century.”
A critical issue for our field is how to define contemporary social psychiatry for our times. In my forthcoming article, I address this definitional task by breaking it down into three major questions for social psychiatry and conclude with a call for action, a manifesto for the 21st century social psychiatry: (1) What is social about psychiatry? I address definitional problems that arise, such as binary thinking, and the need for a common language. (2) What are the theory and practice of social psychiatry? Issues include social psychiatry’s core principles, values, and operational criteria; the social determinants of health and the Global Mental Health (GMH) Movement; and the need for translational research. This part of the review establishes the minimal criteria for a coherent theory of social psychiatry and the view of persons that emerges from such a theory, the social self. (3) Why the time has come for a manifesto for social psychiatry. I outline the parameters for a theory of social psychiatry, based on both the social self and the social determinants of health, to offer an inclusive social definition of health, concluding with a call for action, a manifesto for the 21st century social psychiatry.
In a parallel activity at the World Congress, an international symposium with the theme of defining social psychiatry in the 21st century will bring together eminent psychiatrists from several continents to address this important task for the field of social psychiatry. Professors Adalberto Barreto from Brazil, BS Chavan from India, Oye Gureje from Nigeria, and Yueqin Huang from China will offer their seminal studies and privileged perspectives to open what we hope will be a lively discussion chaired by President-Elect Rachid Bennegadi from France and myself, President of the Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry.
References:
Di Nicola V. Family, psychosocial, and cultural determinants of health. In: E Sorel (Ed), 21st Century Global Mental
The Global South - Global Mental Health & Psychiatry Newsletter - June 2018Université de Montréal
In this essay, I discuss the evolving notion of the Global South. These considerations point to the need to understand and embrace the emerging characteristics of the Global south that I define as syncretism, conviviality, and porosity. Syncretism is the practice of different religious traditions such as Catholicism and Afro-Brazilian candomblé side by side to create new syntheses of belief and practice. I am applying this more generally to the capacity in the Global south to embrace plurality and difference to create more a more harmonious and inclusive syncretic culture. Conviviality is a similar term invoked by Ivan Illich, emphasizing interdependence. Porosity is an idea I adopted from the work of Walter Benjamin in my work in Brazil and Haiti to soften borders and boundaries in the daily work of culture. What these three notions have in common is a more fluid, less categorical approach to culture, medicine and politics.
The Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry (CASP) / l’Association Canadien...Université de Montréal
Article announcing the formation of the renewed Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry / l’Association Canadienne de Psychiatrie Sociale (CASP/ACPS).
The Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry/l’Association Canadienne de Psychiatrie Sociale (CASP/ACPS) has been admitted to the World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP) with a warm welcome from WASP President Roy Kallivayalil and the Executive Committee. Reflecting Canada’s two official languages, English and French, CASP/ACPS is a bilingual association with Founding Members across Canada, from Quebec in the East to Ontario in Central Canada, and British Columbia in the West.
Child and Family Impacts of the Coronavirus Syndemic: Developmental, Family, ...Université de Montréal
My presentation is part of the WASP-WPA Interorganizational Symposium for the WPA 21st Virtual World Congress of Psychiatry, Catragena, Colombia, October 16-21, 2021
Session Description
At this time, the death toll from COVID-19 is approaching 3 million people worldwide. The full toll of COVID-19 far exceeds
even this sobering number. Beyond the direct biological impacts of an infectious disease, the global impact of COVID-19 is
revealing and magnifying pre-existing fractures in our social structures. COVID-19 has led to significant differential impacts
among groups across age, health and socio-cultural variables, whether through increased direct illness morbidity and
mortality in the elderly or those with mental illness, or through indirect impacts associated with widespread societal and
health system changes, including youth impacted by confinement and social isolation impinging on development of prosocial
skills, increased caregiver and family stresses ranging from financial distress to violence, and further disenfranchisement of
already marginalized and vulnerable groups. At the same time, heightened public awareness and outcry about such
disparities has the potential to fuel new alliances, challenging and perhaps dismantling some historical stereotypes of race,
ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability and illness. Rather than a pandemic, the global impacts reveal a
syndemic – multiple pandemics along different lines, both the viral/biological pandemic, plus a social pandemic superimposed
on pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, sexism, ableism, ageism and other forms of stigma and
discrimination. This session will include discussion of the varied impacts of COVID-19 and exploration of their root causes
from a social psychiatry perspective.
Social Unrest and Mental Health
World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP) Symposium
at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting 2021
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, DFAPA, FCPA President, CASP; President-Elect, WASP Professor of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, QC
Learning objectives
To understand the association between social unrest and mental health …
Specifically, to:
Identify the social determinants of unrest
Offer case examples of social unrest
Review WHO prevalence estimates and overall mental health impacts of social unrest
Discuss special considerations for children, youth & families
Plan for presentation
Social unrest and mental health: 30-45 minutes – V Di Nicola Social determinants: Triggers, aggravators & attenuators, circularity
Case examples (evidence-based studies)
Hong Kong Protests Black Lives Matter
WHO Prevalence Estimates (data)
Protests, Riots & Revolutions: A systematic review
Children, Youth & Families: Special considerations
A REVIEW OF THE AGENCIES OF THE CONTROL MEASURES OF HIV/AIDS IN NAGALANDpaperpublications3
Abstract: This article is an evaluation of the agencies of control measures towards HIV/AIDS in ‘Nagaland’ a North-Eastern state in the country of India. HIV/AIDS is not only a health problem but it is also a developmental issue that raises economic and social causes and consequences. The pandemic impacts all aspects of development from education to human rights to economic development. In a state like Nagaland, it has been considered necessary to look into the role of the religious organizations, the intervention by governmental as well as non - governmental organizations, institutions of learning, the family and the individuals etc. These agencies are the backbone towards the controlling of the epidemic. A critical evaluation of the HIV control machineries has been undertaken to examine their contribution towards controlling HIV/AIDS.
Changelings: Children, Culture and Trauma
Vincenzo Di Nicola
Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma
Global Mental Health Course
Educational Objectives
The presentation will sensitize participants to appreciate basic questions about working with traumatized children and their families across culture to create trauma-informed care:
Why development matters – and how it changes the clinical presentation of trauma at different ages
Why family matters – and how it creates models for the experience of trauma that attenuate or amplify both developmental neurobiology and sociocultural influences
Why culture matters – and how it offers or limits the range of socially privileged perceptions and culturally sanctioned solutions
Outline
Children, Culture and Trauma: Three lenses
Children & Culture: “Looking Across at Growing Up”
Children & Trauma: “Changelings”
“The Nightmare of Childhood”
“The Longest Shadow”
“The Experimental Child”
Culture & Trauma: “Two trauma communities”
Clinical and cultural trauma studies
Healing
Rebrith
Aporias/Puzzles
How does bringing childhood, culture, and trauma together affect our understanding of each?
What does an archaeology of trauma reveal?
(R Mollica: What is the nature of trauma?)
What can be done?
A presentation on tuberculosis control efforts in Cuba vs. Haiti. Presented for my class Intensive Study of Public Health Services in Cuba, June 25, 2015.
“The Experimental Child”: Child, Family & Community Impacts of the Coronaviru...Université de Montréal
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus crisis a natural laboratory of stress offering health and social care services a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This hostile new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments.
For this reason, this crisis has been renamed a syndemic, encompassing two different categories of disease—an infectious disease (SARS-CoV-2) and an array of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Together, these conditions cluster within specific populations following deeply-embedded patterns of inequality and vulnerability (Horton, 2020). These pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, ableism, ageism create stigma and discrimination and amplify the impacts of this syndemic. And children are the most vulnerable population around the world. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020).
This exceptional set of circumstances—in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies—is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health in partner with child and family psychiatry and allied professions must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced syndemic in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions, and prospective paediatric, psychological, and social studies will be outlined.
Keywords: Children & families, COVID-19, syndemic, ACE Study, confinement, social isolation
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); Nigeria is a heavily populated country in West Africa and highly enriched with natural resources, a country that is very much encoded with high cultural values and appears to severely constrain women to attain their potentials.
PhD Proposal Defense Team Psychological Safety, Team Learning and Team Knowle...Peter Cauwelier
Presentation I used to present my proposal in front of the PhD committee at Bangkok University. My model links team psychological safety and team learning, with the creation of knowledge at the team level. Happy to say the proposal defense went very well !
CASP Scientific Contributions to 23rd WASP World Congress of Social Psychiatr...Université de Montréal
M Charbonneau, V Di Nicola, KS Gaind. CASP Scientific Contributions to 23rd WASP World Congress of Social Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania – October 25-28, 2019. Global Mental Health & Psychiatry Review, Winter 2020, 1(1): 5-6.
Defining Social Psychiatry in the 21st Century: The 23rd World Congress of S...Université de Montréal
Defining Social Psychiatry in the 21st Century:
The 23rd World Congress of Social Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania, October 25-28, 2019
& World Social Psychiatry
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, FRCPC, DFAPA
Founder & President, Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry/
Association canadienne de psychiatrie sociale
Chief, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Montreal University Institute for Mental Health
Professor, University of Montreal and The George Washington University
To highlight the re-establishment of the Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry this year, I have been invited to present a review article in the inaugural issue of the new psychiatric journal, World Social Psychiatry, to be launched at the World Congress of Social Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania, October 25-28, 2019. Inspired by a Zulu saying which gets to the heart of the argument, my article is called, “ ‘A Person Is a Person Through Other Persons’: A Social Psychiatry Manifesto for the 21st Century.”
A critical issue for our field is how to define contemporary social psychiatry for our times. In my forthcoming article, I address this definitional task by breaking it down into three major questions for social psychiatry and conclude with a call for action, a manifesto for the 21st century social psychiatry: (1) What is social about psychiatry? I address definitional problems that arise, such as binary thinking, and the need for a common language. (2) What are the theory and practice of social psychiatry? Issues include social psychiatry’s core principles, values, and operational criteria; the social determinants of health and the Global Mental Health (GMH) Movement; and the need for translational research. This part of the review establishes the minimal criteria for a coherent theory of social psychiatry and the view of persons that emerges from such a theory, the social self. (3) Why the time has come for a manifesto for social psychiatry. I outline the parameters for a theory of social psychiatry, based on both the social self and the social determinants of health, to offer an inclusive social definition of health, concluding with a call for action, a manifesto for the 21st century social psychiatry.
In a parallel activity at the World Congress, an international symposium with the theme of defining social psychiatry in the 21st century will bring together eminent psychiatrists from several continents to address this important task for the field of social psychiatry. Professors Adalberto Barreto from Brazil, BS Chavan from India, Oye Gureje from Nigeria, and Yueqin Huang from China will offer their seminal studies and privileged perspectives to open what we hope will be a lively discussion chaired by President-Elect Rachid Bennegadi from France and myself, President of the Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry.
References:
Di Nicola V. Family, psychosocial, and cultural determinants of health. In: E Sorel (Ed), 21st Century Global Mental
The Global South - Global Mental Health & Psychiatry Newsletter - June 2018Université de Montréal
In this essay, I discuss the evolving notion of the Global South. These considerations point to the need to understand and embrace the emerging characteristics of the Global south that I define as syncretism, conviviality, and porosity. Syncretism is the practice of different religious traditions such as Catholicism and Afro-Brazilian candomblé side by side to create new syntheses of belief and practice. I am applying this more generally to the capacity in the Global south to embrace plurality and difference to create more a more harmonious and inclusive syncretic culture. Conviviality is a similar term invoked by Ivan Illich, emphasizing interdependence. Porosity is an idea I adopted from the work of Walter Benjamin in my work in Brazil and Haiti to soften borders and boundaries in the daily work of culture. What these three notions have in common is a more fluid, less categorical approach to culture, medicine and politics.
The Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry (CASP) / l’Association Canadien...Université de Montréal
Article announcing the formation of the renewed Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry / l’Association Canadienne de Psychiatrie Sociale (CASP/ACPS).
The Canadian Association of Social Psychiatry/l’Association Canadienne de Psychiatrie Sociale (CASP/ACPS) has been admitted to the World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP) with a warm welcome from WASP President Roy Kallivayalil and the Executive Committee. Reflecting Canada’s two official languages, English and French, CASP/ACPS is a bilingual association with Founding Members across Canada, from Quebec in the East to Ontario in Central Canada, and British Columbia in the West.
Child and Family Impacts of the Coronavirus Syndemic: Developmental, Family, ...Université de Montréal
My presentation is part of the WASP-WPA Interorganizational Symposium for the WPA 21st Virtual World Congress of Psychiatry, Catragena, Colombia, October 16-21, 2021
Session Description
At this time, the death toll from COVID-19 is approaching 3 million people worldwide. The full toll of COVID-19 far exceeds
even this sobering number. Beyond the direct biological impacts of an infectious disease, the global impact of COVID-19 is
revealing and magnifying pre-existing fractures in our social structures. COVID-19 has led to significant differential impacts
among groups across age, health and socio-cultural variables, whether through increased direct illness morbidity and
mortality in the elderly or those with mental illness, or through indirect impacts associated with widespread societal and
health system changes, including youth impacted by confinement and social isolation impinging on development of prosocial
skills, increased caregiver and family stresses ranging from financial distress to violence, and further disenfranchisement of
already marginalized and vulnerable groups. At the same time, heightened public awareness and outcry about such
disparities has the potential to fuel new alliances, challenging and perhaps dismantling some historical stereotypes of race,
ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability and illness. Rather than a pandemic, the global impacts reveal a
syndemic – multiple pandemics along different lines, both the viral/biological pandemic, plus a social pandemic superimposed
on pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, sexism, ableism, ageism and other forms of stigma and
discrimination. This session will include discussion of the varied impacts of COVID-19 and exploration of their root causes
from a social psychiatry perspective.
Social Unrest and Mental Health
World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP) Symposium
at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting 2021
Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD, DFAPA, FCPA President, CASP; President-Elect, WASP Professor of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, QC
Learning objectives
To understand the association between social unrest and mental health …
Specifically, to:
Identify the social determinants of unrest
Offer case examples of social unrest
Review WHO prevalence estimates and overall mental health impacts of social unrest
Discuss special considerations for children, youth & families
Plan for presentation
Social unrest and mental health: 30-45 minutes – V Di Nicola Social determinants: Triggers, aggravators & attenuators, circularity
Case examples (evidence-based studies)
Hong Kong Protests Black Lives Matter
WHO Prevalence Estimates (data)
Protests, Riots & Revolutions: A systematic review
Children, Youth & Families: Special considerations
A REVIEW OF THE AGENCIES OF THE CONTROL MEASURES OF HIV/AIDS IN NAGALANDpaperpublications3
Abstract: This article is an evaluation of the agencies of control measures towards HIV/AIDS in ‘Nagaland’ a North-Eastern state in the country of India. HIV/AIDS is not only a health problem but it is also a developmental issue that raises economic and social causes and consequences. The pandemic impacts all aspects of development from education to human rights to economic development. In a state like Nagaland, it has been considered necessary to look into the role of the religious organizations, the intervention by governmental as well as non - governmental organizations, institutions of learning, the family and the individuals etc. These agencies are the backbone towards the controlling of the epidemic. A critical evaluation of the HIV control machineries has been undertaken to examine their contribution towards controlling HIV/AIDS.
Changelings: Children, Culture and Trauma
Vincenzo Di Nicola
Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma
Global Mental Health Course
Educational Objectives
The presentation will sensitize participants to appreciate basic questions about working with traumatized children and their families across culture to create trauma-informed care:
Why development matters – and how it changes the clinical presentation of trauma at different ages
Why family matters – and how it creates models for the experience of trauma that attenuate or amplify both developmental neurobiology and sociocultural influences
Why culture matters – and how it offers or limits the range of socially privileged perceptions and culturally sanctioned solutions
Outline
Children, Culture and Trauma: Three lenses
Children & Culture: “Looking Across at Growing Up”
Children & Trauma: “Changelings”
“The Nightmare of Childhood”
“The Longest Shadow”
“The Experimental Child”
Culture & Trauma: “Two trauma communities”
Clinical and cultural trauma studies
Healing
Rebrith
Aporias/Puzzles
How does bringing childhood, culture, and trauma together affect our understanding of each?
What does an archaeology of trauma reveal?
(R Mollica: What is the nature of trauma?)
What can be done?
A presentation on tuberculosis control efforts in Cuba vs. Haiti. Presented for my class Intensive Study of Public Health Services in Cuba, June 25, 2015.
“The Experimental Child”: Child, Family & Community Impacts of the Coronaviru...Université de Montréal
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus crisis a natural laboratory of stress offering health and social care services a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This hostile new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments.
For this reason, this crisis has been renamed a syndemic, encompassing two different categories of disease—an infectious disease (SARS-CoV-2) and an array of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Together, these conditions cluster within specific populations following deeply-embedded patterns of inequality and vulnerability (Horton, 2020). These pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, ableism, ageism create stigma and discrimination and amplify the impacts of this syndemic. And children are the most vulnerable population around the world. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020).
This exceptional set of circumstances—in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies—is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health in partner with child and family psychiatry and allied professions must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced syndemic in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions, and prospective paediatric, psychological, and social studies will be outlined.
Keywords: Children & families, COVID-19, syndemic, ACE Study, confinement, social isolation
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); Nigeria is a heavily populated country in West Africa and highly enriched with natural resources, a country that is very much encoded with high cultural values and appears to severely constrain women to attain their potentials.
PhD Proposal Defense Team Psychological Safety, Team Learning and Team Knowle...Peter Cauwelier
Presentation I used to present my proposal in front of the PhD committee at Bangkok University. My model links team psychological safety and team learning, with the creation of knowledge at the team level. Happy to say the proposal defense went very well !
The 2015 Millennial Majority Workforce: Study ResultsElance-oDesk
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Assessing the Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS Patients attending Anti-Retroviral ...RosyPurakayastha
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This article deals with one of the most important diseases which lingers around the humanity for the past 4 decades. This has shattered many families. Created many children losing their both parents or one of them which created a huge impact in their social and economical status. Many are still living not only with the disease but also with the stigma of the disease. Though the perspective of the disease has widely changed from its initial days the impact continues. This article will give you some common facts and information on the same. S. Jayaseela Baskal Rajan | Dr. S. Selvaraj "HIV / AIDS – Common Facts and Information" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49906.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49906/hiv--aids-–-common-facts-and-information/s-jayaseela-baskal-rajan
emerging and re-emerging vector borne diseasesAnil kumar
this presentation in about emerging and re-emerging vector borne diseases and their spatial spread with reference to time, surveillance, monitoring and management program and other difficulties and suggestions for program
A presentation from the 2008 HIV Health and Treatments Update forum held in Sydney on 25 Nov 2008.
Part 1: an overview of HIV in 2008 and treatment trends, presented by Bill Whittaker.
Ziqitza Healthcare Limited, as an Emergency Service Provider, we are at the forefront with the various state government and corporates to ensure that our services which are so critical are not hampered at all.
Primary health care reform in 1 care for 1 malaysiaEyesWideOpen2008
The government denies that 1Care has been confirmed and accepted, yet it promotes its 1Care reforms internationally!
This is from the International Journal of Public Health Research Special Issue 2011, pp (50-56)
Running head RESEARCH PAPER1RESEARCH PAPER.docxtodd521
Running head: RESEARCH PAPER
1
RESEARCH PAPER
1
Research Paper on HIV and AIDS
Kimberly H. Morgan
EDRC-533: Medical and Psychosocial Aspects
Dr. Michelle L. Priester
April 30, 2018
HIV/AIDS
Abstract
HIV is a virus that causes AIDS. The term in full stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This virus has led to massive deaths globally with many more people being infected as well as being affected by the effects of the virus. In this paper, we shall describe the virus in depth, showing how it gets into a person's body, its causes and symptoms. We shall also discuss its prevalence and how it has affected people's lives. Most importantly, we shall discuss how a person can be treated after being infected with the virus. Finally, we shall study various preventative measures that can be used against the virus.
HIV Definition
The term HIV means Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This is a virus that makes the immune system of a person weak through destruction of vital cells that fight infection and diseases. To date, there is no existence of a cure in the United States nor in other parts of the world. Nevertheless, it is easy to prevent HIV infection through varying control measures. . Depending on different factors, some people are more prone to getting infected than others. Such factors include risky sexual behaviors, sex partners and environment (CDC, 2018).HIV is to a large extent spread through unsafe sex, blood contamination, needles, breastfeeding, and delivery and from a mother to her child during pregnancy.
AIDS Definition
Unlike HIV that is a virus, AIDS is a full-blown disease caused by HIV virus. Once a person's immune system becomes extremely weak, then he\she is said to have AIDS. At this moment, a person's immune system is not able to fight diseases or infection. There are certain illnesses and symptoms that develop as a result of a person contracting AIDS. This can also be described as the last HIV stage since at this moment the infection is highly advanced. If the symptoms of this disease are not controlled or treated, a person ends up losing life (Avert, 2017).
How a Person Get Infected with HIV and HIV Life-cycle
HIV attacks T- helper cells which are also known as CD4 cells. This are some forms of white cells. A person is able to have a strong immune system through CD4 cells being healthy because it's the only way they can be able to fight infections and diseases. It is not possible for HIV to reproduce or grow without being in T-helper cells. HIV makes many copies or reproduces while inside these cells. As a result of the reproduction, the immune system gets damaged which causes it to weak a person's natural immune system. The overall health of a person is the main determinant of how the HIV virus grows. Other determinants of HIV growth is how constant a person takes treatment and how early a person gets diagonalzed. If the antiretroviral treatment is taken correctly, then the immune system remains healthy hence pr.
Similar to Ph d proposal_seminar_apurva_pandya 21aug2010 (20)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
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Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
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- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
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ASA GUIDELINE
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
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CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Ph d proposal_seminar_apurva_pandya 21aug2010
1. HIV Counseling Practices:
Experiences and Perspectives of Counselors Working
with Targeted Interventions in Gujarat
PhD Research Proposal
Apurva Pandya, MA Shagufa Kapadia,PhD
Researcher Research
Guide
Department of Human Development and Family Studies
Faculty of Family and Community Sciences,
M S University of Baroda, Vadodara
21 August 2010 1
2. A GLOBAL VIEW OF HIV INFECTION
33 million people [30–36 million] living with HIV, 2007
Number of people living with HIV
33.2 Million
Young people aged 15–24 living with
HIV 5.4 million
Children below 15 years living with
HIV 2.5 Million
2
3. GLOBAL SCENARIO
Everyday 6800 people get HIV infection.
96% are belong to poor and middle income
countries.
5600 are adult,1200 are children and out of
which 50% are women and 40% are young
(15-24 years of age).
Negative impact on life ( life expectancy,
orphans, economic crisis, stigma and
discrimination).
3
4. TYPES OF HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC
NASCENT EPIDEMIC
An HIV epidemic in a country in which less than 5% of individuals in
high-risk groups are infected.
CONCENTRATED EPIDEMIC
An HIV epidemic in a country in which 5% or more of individuals in
high-risk groups, but less than 5% of women attending urban ante-natal
clinics are infected.
GENERALISED EPIDEMIC
An HIV epidemic in a country where more than 5% of individuals in
high-risk groups as well as women attending urban ante-natal clinics are
infected.
(World Bank, 1997, 87)
It is easier to control a nascent epidemic than a generalised one.
4
5. HIV/AIDS: INDIAN SCENARIO
120000
104087
100000
80000
Number of AIDS cases
56615
60000
40000
12193
20000 8890
0
0-14 years 15-29 years 30-49 years >49 years
Age Group
Total 1,81,785 people
are living with HIV
(June,2007).
Out of them, 31.2 are
women.
5
6. HIV PREVALANCE IN DIFFERENT GROUPS
8.00
IDU, 6.95
7.00 MSM, 6.48
6.00
FSW, 4.9
5.00
4.00 STD, 3.74
3.00
o
n
P
e
y
v
c
s
r
t
i
2.00
1.00 ANC, 0.6
0.00
6
9. GLOBAL EFFORTS IN PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS
Phase-1 Phase 2: Phase3:
Up to mid 1990s Mid 1990s to 2000 2000 to date
Characterised by Health Characterised by Period of paradigm
Belief Model [a medical Primary Behaviour ‘shift’, recognition that
problem] Change (informed by social, community and
Health Belief Model and structural factors are
Medically and various behaviour important, but
epidemiologically driven. change theories and biomedical and
Education and knowledge
are regarded as ‘the key to
models) [a behavioural behavioural approaches
effective prevention’ problem] still dominant [a
(UNESCO, 2005, 6) development issue].
9
11. But infections continued to rise…
questions asked…
Appropriateness for sexual behaviour
A Western approach
Onus on the individual
No understanding of the risk taking
environment
11
12. GLOBAL EFFORTS IN PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS
Phase-1 Phase 2: Phase3:
Up to mid 1990s Mid 1990s to 2000 2000 to date
Characterised by Health Characterised by Period of paradigm
Belief Model [a medical Primary Behaviour ‘shift’, recognition that
problem] Change (informed by social, community and
Health Belief Model and structural factors are
Medically and various behaviour important, but
epidemiologically driven. change theories and biomedical and
Education and knowledge
are regarded as ‘the key to
models) [a behavioural behavioural approaches
effective prevention’ problem] still dominant [a
(UNESCO, 2005, 6) UN agencies development issue].
combined forces
Multi-sectoral
approach (SIPPA,
2005, 11) ABC 12
12
15. But infections continued to rise…
questions asked…
Why are people still continuing to take risks?
Research showing that individual agency is
constrained by social, economic and structural
factors, such as poverty, mobility and migration
patterns and gender inequality (Parker, 2000).
15
16. GLOBAL EFFORTS IN PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS
Phase-1 Phase 2: Phase3:
Up to mid 1990s Mid 1990s to 2000 2000 to date
Characterised by Health Characterised by Period of paradigm
Belief Model [a medical Primary Behaviour ‘shift’, recognition that
problem] Change (informed by social, community and
Health Belief Model and structural factors are
Medically and various behaviour important, but
epidemiologically driven. change theories and biomedical and
Education and knowledge
are regarded as ‘the key to
models) [a behavioural behavioural approaches
effective prevention’ problem] still dominant [a
(UNESCO, 2005, 6) UN agencies development issue].
combined forces Tackling HIV/AIDS
Multi-sectoral becomes a
approach (SIPPA, Millennium
2005, 11) ABC Development Goal 16 16
17. THE WIDER PICTURE OF THE FACTORS
THAT FACILITATE HIV TRANSMISSION
17
18. SOME ISSUES
Less number people who need ARV, receiving ARV.
Patient compliance -especially in deprived
communities.
Fears of drug resistance and strains of development of
viral load.
Focus diverted to care and treatment - Prevention
need is ignored.
Infection and death from HIV and AIDS continue to
rise.
Despite knowledge risky sexual behaviour
18
19. PARADIGM SHIFT
AIDS is a ‘behavioural problem with
behavioural solutions.’ (Green, 2003).
Questioned by Farmer.
‘AIDS is also surely, a social problem with social
solutions.’ (Farmer, 2003).
19
20. “AIDS is rooted in problems of poverty, food and livelihood
insecurity, socio-cultural inequalities and poor support services
and infrastructure.” ( Hemrich & Topouzis, 2000).
‘...there is a need to focus on the psycho-social and community level
determinants of sexuality. We need to pay attention to the social change
that needs to take place to support the likelihood of healthier sexual
behaviour. Sexual behaviour, and the possibility of sexual behavioural
change, are determined by an interlocking series of multi-level processes,
ranging from the intra-psychological to the macro-social.’ (Campbell , 2003.
p. 183) 20
21. CHALLENGES IN HIV PREVENTION
The HIV/AIDS epidemic is hidden, often concentrated
among already marginalized groups.
[female sex workers (FSW), Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) and
spouses of Men who have Sex with Men (MSM)].
Number of people are testing for HIV.
HIV/AIDS related stigma.
Programmes that exist are based on clinical services reaching
out to a limited number of those in need.
The programmes pay little attention to the psycho-social
needs of the high risk groups (HRGs).
21
22. Behaviour change is the key !
Hence counseling remains significant aspect of HIV
prevention, care, support and treatment.
AIDS responses have grown and improved
considerably over the past decade. But they still do not
match the scale or the pace of a steadily worsening
epidemic.’ (UNAIDS, 2005,5)
‘…the AIDS epidemic continues to
outstrip global efforts to contain it.’
(UNAIDS, 2005,6
‘…responses to the epidemic came too late and were not
commensurate to the magnitude and urgency of the
challenge.’ (UNESCO, 2005, 5) 22
23. CURRENT NEED
People need knowledge to enable them to be
able to make choices about their life styles.
But this alone cannot guarantee behavioural
change.
There are many intervening factors that
prevent individuals adopting safer behaviour.
23
24. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE THEORIES AND MODELS
1. INDIVIDUAL FOCUSED THEORIES
Health belief model
Social learning theory 2. SOCIAL THEORIES AND MODELS
Theory of reasoned action Diffusion of innovation theory
Stages of change model Social influence or social inoculation model
AIDS risk reduction model Social Network theory
Theory of gender and power
3. STRUCTURAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
THEORIES AND MODELS
4. CONSTRUCTS ALONE AND
Theory for individual and social change TRANSTHEORETICAL
or empowerment model
Social ecological model for health
MODELS
promotion Perception of risk control
Socio economic factors Sexual communication
24
25. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
HIV is the virus which can be prevented from
transmission through change in behaviour.
Change in knowledge about STI/HIV and risky
sexual behavior is the way to prevent HIV
transmission among High Risk Groups (HRGs).
The programmes pay little attention to the
psycho-social needs of the high risk groups
(HRGs).
Many theories of behaviour change exist but
none is depicting counselors’ experiences and
explore counselors’ perspectives.
Indigenous counseling practices are not known
in Indian context. 25
26. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Main Objective
The intent of this research is to examine personal experiences of counselors’, and
juxtapose them with their preferred counseling theories to evolve a culturally
appropriate theory or model of HIV counseling.
Specific Objectives
n Study existing counselling practices of counselors' working with Targeted
Intervention projects supported by National AIDS Control Organization (NACO),
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
n Examine counselors’ ways of relating psychological concepts and theories to
everyday counseling practice.
n Explore counselor’s perspectives on HIV current counseling practice.
n Explore challenges faced by counselors in everyday counseling practice.
n Explore innovative HIV counseling skills and techniques being used by the
counselors.
n Explore counselors’ reflective journey of counseling practice and their personal
counseling approaches. 26
27. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Total 16 questions
9 questions address quantitative aspects and
7 questions deal with qualitative aspects
NOTE: Questions are given in the handout.
27
28. Existing major behaviour
change models/theories for
Orientation training on Targeted Intervention HIV prevention
project and Counselling provided by State
Training Resource Centre (STRC)
Knowledge of counselling
approaches, theories skills
and techniques Knowledge of High Risk
Groups and sensitivity
Knowledge of toward their issues
Knowledge of Targeted
Counselling and
Intervention project and
behaviour change theories
HIV issues
Process of counselling
Counselors’ cultural reference
Reflections of knowledge in actual
counselling practice Innovative use of
Personalized counselling knowledge of targeted
style and practicing Intervention and HIV
indigenous counseling Innovative use of
approaches/ strategies counseling skills
Challenges faced in and techniques
application of counselling Working model/theory of HIV
principles and theories Counselling
CONCEPTUAL MODELOF THE STUDY 28
29. RESARCH DESIGN
A Mixed Method Model III (Smith, 1997) with sequential
exploratory design (Creswell,2003) is ideal for this proposed
research.
QUANTI QUALI
The study will use the grounded theory-GT (Strauss &
Corbin, 1990) approach, which has emerged as one of the
most popular and rigorous methods of deriving theories
from qualitative data.
29
30. OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Research
Phase Objectives Tools Sample Groups
Questions
1 RQ-1 - RQ-9 Assess knowledge in three Structured Survey Instrument All counselors working
Quantitative domains, relationship with with Targeted
knowledge, cultural Intervention projects in
Gujarat (approx. 87)
sensitivity and counseling
practice. Assess gender
differences in knowledge ,
cultural sensitivity and
counseling practice.
Obj.-1 Overview
2 RQ-10 - RQ 16 Application of knowledge, Telephone In-depth Interviews 30 counselors working
Qualitative skills and techniques in with Targeted
practice, challenges, Intervention projects in
Gujarat.
indigenous practices.
[Objectives-1, 2, 4,5,6 ]
3 RQ-16 Counselors’ perspectives Focus Group Interviews 22 counselors
Qualitative on current HIV counseling through Satellite (11 men counselors + 11
practice and context Communication Technology, women counselors)
BISAG, Department of
Information Communication
and Technology, Govt. of
[Objective-3] Gujarat, Gandhinagar.
4 RQ-14 - RQ 15 Counselor client- Naturalist observation of 5 counselors (one
Qualitative interaction, clients’ counselling sessions counselor from each TI
response to counseling project typology i.e.
MSM, FSW, IDU,
31. UNIVERSE
Counselors working with Targeted Interventions in the Gujarat state
DATA COLLECTION TOOLS
In this study, survey instrument, in-depth interview, Focus Group Interview and
naturalistic observation will be used to gather data.
STUDY SITE
Gujarat
SAMPLE SIZE
All counsellors (87) working with NGOs implementing Targeted Intervention
projects willing to participate in the study will be selected for the survey.
Sample size determination for the in-depth interview will be dependent on
saturation of themes. Approximately 30 participants will be selected for the in-
depth interview.
Up to 11 men and women counsellors will be requested to participate in satellite
based Focus Group Interview (FGI). Determination of no. of FGI will be based
on saturation of themes.
31
32. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Informed consent in written- counselors and clients (in
case of naturalistic observation)
Voluntary participation.
Any form of moral, physical or emotional harm .
Adequate training on ethics in social science research and
research methodology from-
Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai;
Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia
University, New York Harvard University, Boston and
Centre for Disease Control
(CDC), Atlanta.
Prior approval from Gujarat State AIDS Control Society,
Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government32
33. PLAN OF ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES
Quantitative analysis using SPSS Find correlation between knowledge, cultural sensitivity, and
Correlation test; counseling skills
T test Gender difference in knowledge and counselling skills and
techniques
Qualitative analysis using Maxqda® Explore emerging themes around following concepts and
or ATLAS- Ti new themes.
•Indigenous counseling skills, techniques and strategies
•Ways counselor relate psychological concepts
•Reflections on everyday counseling practice
Evolve culture specific counseling theory or model
A grounded theory based analytic approach will be used. The conceptual framework proposed in
this study will provide an initial list of themes, while allowing for new themes to emerge from
the data.
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34. ANALYTICAL ISSUES AND THEIR RESOLUTION
No tested and validated scale to measure counselors’ knowledge and counseling
practice in Indian context for HIV counselling investigator intends to
develop survey instrument.
Self-reported and explanatory survey responses incomplete information will
be sought from the participant.
Non-generalizability of the results focuses on personal experiences and
existing counseling, not generalizations.
Mixed method study with prime focus on qualitative approach thus reliability and
validity of the study will be challenging
Multiple methods: methodological triangulation and theory triangulation, Denzin,
1984 will be used.
Thick description (Denzin & Lincoln, 1994)
External audit (Emerson & Pollner, 2002; Miles & Huberman, 1994, pp.275-77) by
experts from India and USA will be done.
Member checks (Emerson & Pollner, 2002; Miles & Huberman, 1994, pp.275-77).
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35. EXPECTED OUTCOME
Inform culturally appropriate HIV counseling theory or model to
National AIDS Control Programme Phase III of National AIDS
Control Organization (NACO).
Facilitate policy development on HIV counseling to support decision-
making to improve the quality of HIV counselors’ training and
counseling practices.
Contribute to the development of counselors’ training modules,
counseling tool kit and counseling best practices specific to Targeted
Intervention programme of the Gujarat state.
Facilitate development of culturally appropriate counseling theory or
model for the country to guide Targeted Intervention programme.
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36. REFERENCES
Bogdan, R. & Biklen, R.C. (1992). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory
and methods. Boston: Allyn-Bacon.
Byrne, M. (2001). Grounded theory as a qualitative research methodology. AORN Journal, 73 (6),
1155-1156.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1997). Perspectives in disease prevention and health
promotion: Public Health Service guidelines for counseling and antibody testing to prevent HIV
infection and AIDS. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1987; 36:509–15.[Medline]
Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (1994). Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Emerson, R. M. & Pollner, M. (1988). On the use of member’s responses to research account.
Human Organization, 47, 189-198
Lincoln, Y. & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Maxwell, J.A. (1996). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Miles, M.B. & Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
National AIDS Control Organization (2009). 2009-10 Annual Report. Department of AIDS
Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi.
Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and
techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
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Move the conceptual framework slide before the objectives (that is, after the rationale).
Check the spelling of counselors. Keep it single l at all places. Need to state the main domains in the survey. Keep the draft questionnaire with you in case of need.
The first two seem similar. Check and clarify. Is this or the next slide to be considered?