3. Q
WHAT IS
PRESCRIPTION
?
Prescription is an order written by
the physician (either electronic or
handwritten), dentist or any other
medical practitioner to the
pharmacist to compound or
dispense a specific medication for
individual.
Here’s a
prescription
5. TYPES OF PRESCRIPTION
Prescription are of two types :
Prescription for already prepared drug
(by pharmaceutical companies) e.g. cap
ciprofloxacin (500mg)
The pharmacist prepare the medication according
to the drug and dosages directed by the
physician.
Pre compounding
Extemporaneous
6. READING & UNDERSTANDING OF
PRESCRIPTION
Parts of prescription:
Date Name of the drug
Information (genetic or trade name)
about Rx symbol Formulation of drug
Patient Unit dosage of drug
Information about
prescriber
Heading InscriptionSuperscription
7. PARTS OF PRESCRIPTION
Information to the Prescription direction Signature of prescriber
Pharmacist regarding- to the patient- Signature of patient
Quantity to be a) Instruction about the (if required)
dispensed amount of drug to the Refill instruction
Dosage form to be taken (if needed)
Dispensed b) Time Special instruction
c)Frequency of the dose (if any)
to be taken
Subscription Transcription Signature & Instruction
8. HANDLING OF PRESCRIPTION
Finishing:- Includes packaging, labelling , rechecking
and filling
Pricing:-The prescription is prized after finishing is done
Delivering:- These are of two types
a) Store delivery
b)Home delivery/ mail delivery
10. COMMON LATIN TERMS USED IN PRESCRIPTION
ad lib. ad libitum at pleasure
a.c. ante cibum before meals
b.i.d. aqua water
caps. bis in die twice a day
c capsula capsule
d. Dies with
disp. Dispensa a day daily
gtt. guttae dispense
h. hora drops
h.s. hora somni hour
non rep. non repetatur at bed time
no. numerus do not repeat
p.c. post cibum amount
p.r.n. pro re nata after meals
Abbreviation Latin English
11. MODERN METHODS OF
PRESCRIBING
Electronic prescribing is a
technology frame work that
allows physician and other
practitioner to write and send
prescription to a participating
pharmacy electronically
instead of using handwritten
or faxed notes or calling in
prescriptions. Electronic prescribing
12. MODERN METHOD OF PRESCRIBING
Physician or staff
member enter
prescription information
on computer using e-
prescription software.
The e-prescription is
then automatically
transmitted to patient
preferred pharmacy.
First step Second step
13. BENEFITS OF E-PRESCRIBING
Increase patient safety:- Potentially harmful drug
interactions, allergic and dosage error are flagged
by the system.
Increase legibility:- reduce the need to call back
from pharmacist to verify prescription on
information .
Improving quality of care:- Medication options are
selected that are economical for the patient.
Convenient:- Both for the physician and for the
patient
14. SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT
These are mainly of three types
a) Metric system: Most widely used system of
measurement e.g. gram (weight), liter(volume).
b) Apothecary system:- Old system of measurement
e.g. minim(liquid) , grain(solid).
c) Household system:- Not accurate due to lack of
standardization e.g. teaspoon( liquid), kg
/mg/pound(solid)
15. METRIC SYSTEM
It is used in Indian pharmacopoeia for the
measurement of weight and capacity
It was implemented in India from 1 April ,1964 in
pharmacy profession
A kilogram is the standard A liter is the standa
Unit for measurement of -rd unit for measure
weight and all other -ments of capacity
measurement are derived are derived from it
from it.
Measurement of weight Measurement of capacity
16. CALCULATION INVOLVED IN
DISPENSING
Calculation based on density
Alcoholic dilution
Allegation method
Calculation based on age, body and body surface
area
17. CALCULATION BASED ON
DENSITY
Density is mass of the substance per unit volume.
Question- Calculate the volume of 2gm of glycerin. The
density of glycerin is 1.25gm/ml.
mass(kg or g)
-volume=weight/density density D=M
- volume=2gm/1.25g/ml V
-volume=1600ml volume
18. ALCOHOLIC DILUTION
Question- Calculate the amount of 95% of alcohol
required to prepare 400ml of 45% of alcohol.
-Volume required to prepare= 400ml
-percentage of alcohol required= 45%
-Percentage of alcohol used= 95%
Volume of strong alcohol to be used =
Volume required *Percentage/ Percentage used
19. ALLEGATION METHOD
When the calculation involve the mixing of two
similar preparations of different strength in order to
produce the preparations intermediate strength, the
allegation method is used.
Stronger Percentage Weaker Percentage
Required Percentage
Required Percentage-
Weaker percentage
Stronger Percentage-
Required Percentage
20. CALCULATION BASED ON AGE,
BODYWEIGHT AND BODY SURFACE AREA
Young’s formula Clarke’s Rule Catzel rule
Dilling’s formula Mosteller rule
Freid’s Formula
Pediatric dose calculation
Age Bodyweight Body surface area
