Lab manual of COMMUNITY PHARMACY AND MANAGEMENT

1. ITM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH
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ITM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND
RESEARCH
LABORATRORY MANUAL OF
COMMUNITY PHARMACY AND
MANAGEMENT

2. ITM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH
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CONTENT
INDEX
Sr.no Title of Experiment
Date
01. To Record Your Own Blood Pressure
02. To Perform the Study on Dispensing and Auxiliary Labels
03. To Perform the Study on Drug Interaction
04. To Perform the Handling of Prescription in A Professional Standard
05. To Perform the Determination of Capillary Blood Glucose Level
06. To Perform the Patient Counselling on Asthma
07. To Perform the Patient Counselling on Hypertension
08. To Perform the Patient Counselling on Diabetes
09. To Perform the Patient Counselling on Rheumatoid Arthritis
10. To Perform the Patient Counselling on Hyperlipidaemia
11. To Perform the Patient Counselling on Headache to A Patient
12. To Perform the Patient Counselling on Gastro-Intestinal Disturbance
13. To Perform the Patient Counselling on Worn Infection
14. To Perform the Patient Counselling on Pyrexia
15. To Perform the Patient Counselling on UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTION.
16. To Perform the Patient Counselling on skin infection
17. To Perform the Patient Counselling on Teeth Disorder
18. Determination of Tidal Volume and vital capacity by using Hutchison
Spirometer
19 To measure body mass index with help of BMI formula to identify actual body
weight status and Desirable Body wt. status
20. To Perform the Determination of capillary oxygen level by using Pulse oximeter

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Experiment No: - 01
Aim: - To Record Your Own Blood Pressure with the help of sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.
Reference: - Murgesh N INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 6 TH EDITION
2004 satya publication p.gn. 75-76
Requirement: - Stethoscope, Sphygmomanometers.
Theory :-
 A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.
 Usually hypertension is defined as blood pressure above 140/90, and is considered severe if
the pressure is above 180/120.
 High blood pressure often has no symptoms. Over time, if untreated, it can cause health
conditions, such as heart disease and stroke.
 Eating a healthier diet with less salt, exercising regularly and taking medication can help
lower blood pressure.
Procedure :-
 The cuff was tight round the upper arm
 The pressure was raised to 200mmhg and the gradually released
 The variation of sound was heard with stethoscope placing the chest piece on bronchial artery
just below cuff
 Due to giving air pressure gradually in cuff the vessel was pressured on the blood flow
demolished but while releasing the air pressure gradually blood just begin to flow through out
narrow blood and this result in generation of sound called Lub when the pressure was further
Release Normal streamline flow and sound was no longer heard called dub
Result: - Measured blood pressure with the help of Sphygmomanometer and Stethoscope…….mmhg.

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Experiment No: - 02
Aim: - To Perform the Study on Dispensing and Auxiliary Labels
Theory:-
An auxiliary label (also called cautionary and advisory level or prescription drug warning is a label)
added on to a dispense medication packaged by a pharmacist in addition to the usual prescription.
These levels are intended to provide supplementary formation regarding safe administration, use, and
storage of the medication. Auxiliary level provides information which can augment but not replace
verbal counselling for a pharmacist
Auxiliary level are generally smart stickers consisting of a pictogram and one of the more lines of the
contacts intended to enhance patient knowledge.
Purpose of labelling
 to describe the identify the product
 to avoid medication error
 to contribute optimal therapeutic outcome
 to achieve proper handling and storage of the product
 to allow the product to be trust in the event of a concern such as quality issue
Usage
Deciding what axillary suitable for particular prescription required knowledge of the truck
classification interaction and side effect
Auxiliary label placed on a prescription while may be place vertically, horizontally, or on the vial
(interactive placement).
Placement of the label is an interactive manner where the patient first interact with it to open the valid
more likely to be noticed and comprehend by the patient.
Effectiveness
Auxiliary label can commonly be Misinterpreted, especially when multi-step on multi-part instruction
are presentation on one label.
Misinterpretation of auxiliary label can occur when patient are unable to understand the wording of
the level and does assume instruction based on pictograms or colour of the level in addition to me
Centre petition some studies have found that the most patient ignore auxiliary level on prescription
completely especially those with low health literacy common and element consider to increase the
effectiveness of an objective level include a single step instructions using easy to read text for
example low excise core use of clear simple icons it present use of colour to represent reality and
clarity of the instruction being represented font size and style including bold face or capitalisation
pattern can also impact the effectiveness of an auxiliary level the effectiveness of auxiliary level is
also increase when pharmacist on their presence of the package and explain the importance of each of
the warning begin present using dog seller level
Result: -

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Experiment No: - 03
Aim: - To Perform the Study on Drug Interaction.
Reference: -
Theory: - A Pharmacological and clinical response of drug when Co-administered different forms
that known effect of drug is called as Drug Interaction.
Reason of drug interaction :-
1. Use of OTC drug
 without constitution of a physical use of OTC drug like aspirin, antacid, nasal
decongestant etc.
 with prescription drug can result in drug interaction.
2. Patient Non-compliance
 Many patients don’t adhere to instruct of prescription or pharmacist advice on
prescribed drug.
 A diabetic Patient is advice to prevent to alcoholic drinks to avoid hypo-glycaemic
crises.
3. Drug abuse or misuse.
 A thinking of a patient with more consumption of drug will produce quick relief can
result into drug interaction.
Role of Pharmacist in drug interaction
 A pharmacist is well versed with pharmacodynamic of drug.
 He is ideal person who can play vital role in preventing interaction of drug by
advising the patient in following.
 Don't use OTC drug without consultation of physician.
 Strictly follow the treatment from multiple inform them about illness before taking
medicines.
 Don't consume drug in excess from recommendation dose.
 which type of food is Forbidden for particular drug.
Drug interaction are categories as follow/ Mechanism of drug interaction.
1. Pharmacokinetic Interaction: - Interaction drug-drug and additive drug and food which
change your absorption metabolism or elimination are called as drug Pharmacokinetic
interaction.
Example: -
(a) Co-administration of antacid and aspirin enhance rate of absorption
(b) antacid decreases the absorption of drugs such as data cyclic ciprofloxacin propanol and
atenolol.

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2. Pharmacodynamic interaction: - it is a change in action or intensity Of ACtion Two or
more drug in their usually them may act what is expected Some interactioj summatrised as
follow
a. Antagonism:-
 Action of one drug is multified by another
 ex:- co administration of CNS stimulant with CNS depressant
b. Addition and synergism
 When the interacting drug has similar ACTION are given in their full
individual doses and product effect ehich is some of individual effect.
c. Adverse drugf reaction
 ADR is any response to drug which is Noxious and which occurs at prescribed
standard dose. The ADR is may be side-effect or extension effect.
d. DRUG ALCHOL/TABBACO INTERACTION
 While prescribing to patient for curing particular disease physiocian take of drug
interaction
e. FOOD DRUG INTERACTION
 In case of oral drug administration food may alter the absorption of drug
food change the gastric ph and gastric emptying time. It can be increased
gastric ph upto 6 and prolong gastric resdance.
Hoe to avoid Unwanted drug-drug interaction in clinical practice
 Ensure you have a full drug history including over the counter and herbal
product
Result :-

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Experiment No: - 04
Aim: - To Perform the Handling of Prescription in A Professional Standard
Reference :-
Requirment :- Prescription
Theory :- Prescription official piece of paper on which a doctor write the type of medicine that you
should have.
Professional procedure of handling of Prescription :-
a. Handling of prescription :- the handling of prescription is crucial the pharmacxist should
follow the following steps when processing a prescription for compounding and dispensing
 RECIEVEING
 READING AND CHECKING
 COLLECTION AN DWEIGHING THE Material
 Compounding labelling and packaging
1. RECEIVING
 The pharmacist must get the prescription while accepting the prescription, a
pharmacist should not alter his or her facial expression in any way. It creates the
appearance that then patient is puzzled or stunned After seeing the prescription.
2. READING AND CHECKING
 Behind the counter the prescription should be checked after it is received. The
validity of the prescription should be verified. Verify the prescriber signatutre and the
date of the prescription in order tom properly fill up a prescription , the pharmacist
must read all of the libes and words. He/she must not make any guesses about the
qwords. Asa soon as he or she have any douvt a pharmacist should clary with other
pharmacist.
3. COLLECTING AND WEIGHJING THE MATERIAL
 Material should be retrieved from slaves or draws prior to compounding a script. On
the left-hand side of the balance once it’s has been measured dafter the prescription
components have been compounded, they are returned to this-shelves or draws. Three
times each containers of the mterials should be inspected during compounding.
A. As soon they are rem oved from the shelves/draws
B. Measurement of materials
C. When the containers are packed back on the shelves or draws the processes is
complete.

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4. Compounding packaging and labelling
 It is recommended that just one prescription be prepared at one time. Clean surface
should be used during compounding, each piece of equipment must be thoroughly
cleaned and dried before use.it should be created under the supervision if the doctor
or in the accordance with pharmacopeia or formulary instruction. It is important to fill
the container with the or prepared compounds. The container with the prepared
compounds should have clearly mark with the label.
Result: -

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Experiment No: - 05
Aim: - To Perform the Determination of Capillary Blood Glucose Level
Reference :-
Requirment :- Glucometer, Niddle and Strips
Theory :- Blood glucose monitoring, for observe for pattern in fluctuation of glucose level that occur
in response to diet, exercise, medication and pathological processes associated with blood glucose
fluctuate such as diabetes
Procedure
 Wash your hands with warm, soapy water
 Then dry them well with a clean towel
 Prepare a clean lancvet device by inserting a clean niddle, this is a spring loaded
device that ho;lds the niddle.
 Remove one test strip from the bottle or box of strips.
 Be sure to close the bottle or box completely to avoid contaminating the othjer
strips woth dirt or moisture
 All modern meters have you to insert the strip into the meter before u collect
blood
 Stick the side of your finger tip with lancet some vloof sugar machines allow for
testing from different sides from your body such as arms
 Wipe off the first drop of blood and then collect a drop of blood into the strip
making sure you have an adequate amount for reading
 Stop the bleeding by holding a clean cotton ball
Result:-