This document lists and describes the various pests that affect cocoa plants, including sap feeders like tea mosquito bugs, mealybugs, and plant hoppers; leaf feeders such as loopers, hairy caterpillars, and weevils; borers like the red borer and castor capsule borer; and vertebrate pests including rats, squirrels, civets, and monkeys. It provides details on the damage caused by each pest as well as recommended management methods like spraying recommended pesticides, pruning, trapping, and poison baiting. In total, it outlines 25 insect and invertebrate pests and 7 vertebrate pests that farmers must manage to successfully grow cocoa
mango is the king of fruits and has a premier status among the commercial fruits grown in India. Indo-Burma region is believed to be the center of origin for mango. it grows wide in the forests of North East India. Now it is grown throughout the tropics. The main production centers are India, Florida, Egypt, natal, E.Africa coast and West Indies. It requires dry weather for flowering and often it is biennial fruit bearer. It is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 10-40 m high and can survive for 100 years or more.
About 100 species of insect and non-insect pests are known to attack groundnut right from vegetative stage to harvest. The presentation gives information on identification of key pests and an IPM package to control them in an eco-friendly manner.
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
This ppt will help Agricultural professionals to diagnose banana diseases and the management strategies. This is a compilation of important diseases of banana prevalent in India which contains some of my own photographs and others collected from Web. This is intended only for educating students and other agricultural field staff.
mango is the king of fruits and has a premier status among the commercial fruits grown in India. Indo-Burma region is believed to be the center of origin for mango. it grows wide in the forests of North East India. Now it is grown throughout the tropics. The main production centers are India, Florida, Egypt, natal, E.Africa coast and West Indies. It requires dry weather for flowering and often it is biennial fruit bearer. It is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 10-40 m high and can survive for 100 years or more.
About 100 species of insect and non-insect pests are known to attack groundnut right from vegetative stage to harvest. The presentation gives information on identification of key pests and an IPM package to control them in an eco-friendly manner.
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
This ppt will help Agricultural professionals to diagnose banana diseases and the management strategies. This is a compilation of important diseases of banana prevalent in India which contains some of my own photographs and others collected from Web. This is intended only for educating students and other agricultural field staff.
At Taste Of Middle East, we believe that food is not just about satisfying hunger, it's about experiencing different cultures and traditions. Our restaurant concept is based on selecting famous dishes from Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, and other Arabic countries to give our customers an authentic taste of the Middle East
Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...Ang Chong Yi
In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and NourishmentRoti Bank
One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
5. Tea Mosquito Bug
Helopeltis antonii
• Feeding puncture - circular water soaked spots - turn pitch black in color -
multiple feeding injuries-Deformation of pods.
• Neem Oil 3%
• spraying - Imidacloprid (0.6 ml/lit) , Thiamethoxam (0.6g/litre),
Profenophos (2 ml/litre)
6. Mealy Bugs
Paracoccus marginatus, Planococcoides sp. , Planococcus lilacinus, P. citri
• Damage : - Shoot tip
- Buds
- Flower cushions
- Cherelles
• Summer – Spindle leaves, spathes & bunches
• Symptoms – Yellowing - Dry up : Retarded growth, excessive branching at undesired
height - Abortion – Wilting of cherelles
• Neem Oil 3% or FORS 25g/litre
• Dimethoate (2 ml/litre) , Profenophos (2 ml/litre), Chlorpyriphos (5 ml/litre), Buprofezin
(2 ml/litre), Imidacloprid (0.6 ml/lit), Thiamethoxam (0.6g/litre)
7. Flattid Plant Hoppers
• Desapping - tender shoots and pods - honey dew - sooty mould
fungus on the leaves and pods.
• Management: Foliar application of Thiacloprid @ 2 ml/litre twice at
5 days interval
8. Aphids
Toxoptera aurantii and Aphis gossypii
• colonize - underside of tender leaves, succulent stem, flower buds
and small cherelles.
• Heavy infestation - during hot summer and after rainy season -
brings premature shedding of flowers and curling of leaves.
• Management : Spraying of dimethoate @ 2 ml per litre
9. Ash weevils
Myllocerus viridanus , M. maculosus
• Feed on the older leaves – underside- interveinal tissues –
skeletonized – growth retardation.
• Peak in July-September , more severe in coconut-cocoa system.
• Fenitrothion 0.05%, Quinalphos 0.025% or Fenthion 0.05%.
10. Hairy caterpillars
(Lymantriya sp., Euproctis sp., Dasychira sp.,)
• serious leaf damage on seedlings and young trees.
• Management: Foliar spray of acephate @ 2g/litre.
11. Stem Girdler
Sthenias grisator
• Female beetle - girdles the branches and inserts whitish spindle shaped
eggs singly into the tissue in a slanting manner.
• branches above the girdle wither and dry.
• Swab Coal tar + Kerosene @ 1:2
• Injection of dichlorvas + monocrotophos solution into bore holes - Clay
12. Stem Borer
Zeuzera coffeae
• Caterpillars – Bore the young branches – unramfied hollow tunnels
inside
• Round hole on the stem – drying up – excreta, frass strewn out on the
ground.
• Prune and destroy
• Smear the affected portion with Carbaryl 0.1 %
13.
14. Rats
Rattus rattus, Bandicota spp.
• Ripe pods - gnaw the bronzing pods near the stalk portion and
mucilaginous pulp is eaten.
• Inhabit the coconut palm crowns
• 10 g bromadiolone (0.005%) wax cakes / ripe banana stuffed with
carbofuran - branches - twice @ an interval of 10-12 days./ Frond of the
coconut
• Set up bamboo traps with bow attachment on the crown of palms.
16. Striped Squirrels
Funambulus tristriatus , Funambulus palmarum
• Gnaw the pod- oval hole at the center or terminal portion
• trapping with wooden or wire mesh single catch ‘live’ trap with ripe
coconut kernel as the bait.
• Right time harvest – bronzing
• Mechanical protection - covering with punched polybags (150
gauge) smeared with bitumen-kerosene mixture.
17. Palm Civet
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
• Bite & Break @ terminal half / One side of the pod – Beans swollen as such.
• “Civet Cocoa”
• Trapping
• Poison bait – O.5 g of Carbofuran granules using ripe banana - 2/ trunk @ 5-
6 trees/ha.
