Integrated Pest Management in Groundnut: By RARS Tirupat and AICRP Groundnut
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About 100 species of insect and non-insect pests are known to attack groundnut right from vegetative stage to harvest. The presentation gives information on identification of key pests and an IPM package to control them in an eco-friendly manner.
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Major insect pests of cucurbits include the red pumpkin beetle, blister beetle, pumpkin fruit fly, and spotted beetle. These pests damage plants through feeding on roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. Effective management strategies include removing and destroying infested fruits, applying recommended insecticides to control populations, and using traps and protein baits to attract fruit flies.
Organic Pest and Disease Management in Vegetables
The document provides information on various pests and diseases that affect crops like cauliflower, brinjal, chillies and paddy. It describes the causal organisms, symptoms, and management strategies for each issue. For bacterial soft rot in cauliflower, management includes following spacing, avoiding injuries, irrigation control, and application of neem cake or Pseudomonas fluorescens. For boron deficiency in cauliflower, the symptoms and use of borax to correct the deficiency are outlined. Citrus stem borer, whiteflies in brinjal, fruit borers, tobacco caterpillar and other issues are similarly summarized.
Turmeric ajith
This document discusses the turmeric plant and one of its major pests, the turmeric shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis). It provides details on the identification, life cycle, damage caused, and management of the shoot borer pest. It notes that the shoot borer larvae bore into and feed on the turmeric shoots and rhizomes, reducing yields. For management, the document recommends using resistant varieties, natural enemies, proper sanitation, and chemical pesticide sprays timed to control populations.
Pest of groundnut, sesame and mustard.
This document summarizes several pests that affect important crops like groundnut, sesame, and mustard in India. It describes 6 major pests of groundnut - groundnut leaf miner, gram pod borer, termite, white grubs, groundnut aphid, and groundnut jassid. For each pest, it provides the scientific name, life cycle, nature of damage, and management methods. It also summarizes 2 major pests of sesame - leaf webber/leaf roller/capsule borer and hawk or dead head moth. The document is a useful reference for farmers and agricultural experts in India that want to understand and manage pests that impact important oilseed and pulse crops.
Pests of Cardamom.ppt
Cardamom faces several pests that can significantly damage crops. The cardamom thrips feeds on plant parts and sucks sap, stunting panicles and reducing capsule formation. Leaf eating caterpillars like Eupterote species can defoliate plants entirely. The stem and capsule borer bores into young capsules and stems, causing drying and empty capsules. Root grub feeds on and damages cardamom roots. Other pests include whitefly, cardamom aphid, lacewing bug, and cardamom scale insect, all of which suck plant sap and reduce yields. Integrated pest management strategies like removing alternate hosts, applying recommended insecticides, and controlling shade levels can help manage these
insectpestsofcucurbits-150702174843-lva1-app6891.pdf
The document discusses several major and minor insect pests of cucurbits. The major pests include the red pumpkin beetle, cucurbits stink bug, pumpkin fruit fly, and spotted beetle. Life cycles and key details are provided for each pest. Management strategies for each pest focus on cultural control, chemical control using insecticides like malathion and carbaryl, and in some cases biological control using natural enemies.
Breeding for insect resisistance in cucurbits
This document discusses mechanisms of insect resistance in cucurbits. It describes three main categories of resistance mechanisms: avoidance, resistance, and tolerance. Avoidance includes antixenosis mechanisms that reduce insect colonization through biophysical traits like plant pubescence, frego bracts, and visual cues. Resistance operates after insect attack through antibiosis mechanisms. Tolerance reduces damage despite insect infestation. The document provides examples of each type of mechanism, such as hairy plants deterring piercing insects and plant volatiles acting as oviposition deterrents.
1. Pests of Cotton & Their management.pptx
This document summarizes 11 major pests of cotton crops in India and their management strategies. It describes the identification, symptoms of damage, and lifecycle of pests including leafhopper, cotton aphid, thrips, mealybug, whitefly, red cotton bug, dusky cotton bug, leaf roller, ash weevils, semilooper, and tobacco cutworm. For each pest, it provides details on distribution, host plants, and integrated pest management approaches like monitoring, biological control, and recommended insecticides for chemical control.
pest of coconut.
1. The rhinoceros beetle and red palm weevil are major pests of coconut and other palm trees. They damage growing points which can arrest growth and kill trees. Their life cycles take 10-12 months and 50-90 days respectively. Management involves removing infested material and applying insecticides.
2. The coconut black headed caterpillar feeds inside folded leaves, damaging photosynthesis. It has a 2 month life cycle during hot months. Control requires clipping leaves and spraying with insecticides or Bt.
3. Coconut eriophyid mite feeds on nuts, reducing size and quality. Management involves fertilizing, intercropping and spraying acaricides or insect growth regulators.
Insects pests of maize
This document summarizes several major and minor insect pests that affect maize crops. The major pests discussed include the maize stem borer (Chilo partellus), white grub (Phyllophaga rugosa), rice ear-cutting caterpillar (Mythimna separata), flower beetle (Chiloloba acuta), and wireworms (Agriotes spp.). Details are provided on the life cycles and damage caused by each pest. Management strategies recommended for each include cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical control methods such as pesticide application.
Cardamom
This document summarizes 9 pests that affect cardamom plants: 1) Thrips, 2) Shoot, panicle and capsule borer, 3) Capsuleborers, 4) Beetleborer, 5) Hairy caterpillars, 6) Shoot fly, 7) Whiteflies, 8) Cardamom aphid, 9) Root grubs. For each pest, it describes symptoms of damage and life stages. Management strategies include regulating shade, removing infected plant parts, applying insecticides like quinalphos, fenthion, and phosalone. Timing of management is important to target pest life stages and periods of high abundance.
Insect pests of cucurbits
This document discusses several major and minor insect pests that affect cucurbit crops. The four major pests covered are the red pumpkin beetle, cucurbits stink bug, pumpkin fruit fly, and spotted beetle. For each, details are provided on identification, life cycle, damage caused, and management strategies. The red pumpkin beetle feeds on plant parts both above and below ground, with all life stages causing damage. Management involves deep plowing, flooding, early sowing, and applying insecticides to soil. The cucurbits stink bug feeds on foliage and stems, with nymphs and adults both damaging plants. Management focuses on sanitation and using parasitoids and insecticide sprays. The
Official miaze present
1. The document discusses agronomy practices related to Zea mays (corn), including cultivation steps from planting to harvesting.
2. It describes the growth and development stages of corn from seed emergence to physiological maturity in 10 stages.
3. The document also covers corn pests like earworms and cutworms, diseases like black bundle disease and bacterial stalk rot, and their management.
biocontrol of greenhouse or glasshouse pests
Biological control is commonly used to manage greenhouse pests. Natural enemies like parasitoids, predators, and pathogens help control insects and mites. Common greenhouse pests include whiteflies, thrips, aphids, spider mites, fungus gnats, and caterpillars. Various natural enemies are effective against each pest, such as the wasp Encarsia formosa against whiteflies, predatory mites like Amblyseius swirskii against thrips, and the parasitic wasp Aphidius colemani against aphids. Proper identification of pests and selection of natural enemies, along with timely releases before pest populations grow, can provide effective biological control in
Insect pests of apple
This document summarizes several major insect pests that affect apple production worldwide. It discusses the woolly aphid, San Jose scale, cottony cushion scale, European red mite, apple stem borer, codling moth, and tent caterpillar. For each pest, it provides details on distribution, biology, life cycle, damage symptoms, and management approaches. Common management techniques include using resistant rootstocks, pruning infested branches, promoting natural enemies, and applying recommended insecticides at specific timings. The document serves as a comprehensive guide to identifying and controlling key pests that threaten apple crops.
Insect pests of amaranthus and moringa
This document summarizes several insect pests that affect amaranthus and moringa plants, including the amaranthus stem weevil, amaranthus caterpillar, pod fly of moringa, bud worm of moringa, and leaf caterpillar of moringa. For each pest, it provides details on distribution, host plants, nature of damage caused, life cycle stages from egg to adult, and recommended management practices such as collecting and destroying infected plant parts, using light traps, and applying specified insecticides.
Ginger.pptx
The document discusses several pests that affect ginger plants and stored ginger rhizomes. The most serious field pest is the shoot borer moth, whose larvae bore into ginger stems and cause yellowing and drying. Other field pests include thrips, leaf folders, and root grubs. In storage facilities, the major pests are the spice beetle, which bores into dried ginger, and the rhizome scale, which feeds on and desiccates stored rhizomes. Management strategies for the various pests include collection of damaged plant parts, light trapping, chemical sprays, heat treatment of rhizomes, fumigation of storage facilities, and discarding severely infested ginger.
Insect pest of banana crop
This document lists and describes several pests that affect banana plants. It discusses the banana pseudostem weevil (Odoiporus longicollis), rhizome weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus), banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa), and leaf eating caterpillars including Pericallia ricini and Spodoptera litura. For each pest, it provides details on identification, life cycle, nature of damage, symptoms, and management strategies to control infestations. The management strategies include cultural, biological and chemical control methods.
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Status of Microbial Research at National Research Centre for Groundnut (ICAR) during 2006 - As reference
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Turning India Self Reliant in Edible Oil - Retrospect and Prospect
- Hybrids have great potential to increase oilseed production by exploiting hybrid vigor, as seen with castor and sunflower hybrids. However, only a limited number of hybrids exist for other crops like mustard and safflower.
- India's average oilseed yield is about half the world average, and deviations from the national average are more often negative than positive. This huge yield gap and increasing demand mean India must import about 40% of its edible oil needs.
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This document discusses the Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea), an underutilized African crop. It was introduced to India in 2002 at the National Research Centre for Groundnut to study its drought tolerance and potential for food/nutritional security. Several varieties were evaluated and found to yield 4000 kg/ha. While growth was initially slow, some varieties developed many leaves and branches, flowering within 37-56 days. Crop maturity ranged from 110-154 days. High yielding varieties produced over 15g of pods per plant. The crop shows potential for arid/semi-arid regions of India. An EU-funded project characterized the crop's molecular, environmental, and nutritional traits to facilitate cultivation in Africa
Utilization of Crop Residues in Agri-Business Venture
This document provides information about utilizing crop residues as an agribusiness venture. It discusses paddy and groundnut production in India, with a focus on West Bengal and Odisha. Paddy straw has limited nutritional value for cattle as a feed due to low protein and digestibility. However, groundnut haulms contain higher protein and other nutrients, making them a more suitable cattle feed. Burning groundnut haulms means losing out on a high quality fodder resource. Developing the use of groundnut haulms as a cattle feed could support milk and meat industries in eastern states where paddy and groundnut are grown.
Management of Mycotoxins in Agriculturally Important Commodities
This presentation highlights the commodity-wise contamination of major mycotoxins and the magnitude of contamination in commercially important agricultural crops and management practices.
Bambara Groundnut Potential in SAT Region of India
This document discusses the potential of Bambara groundnut as a stable food legume crop for semi-arid tropical regions of India. It finds that there is genetic variability in Bambara groundnut for water use efficiency (WUE) and the related trait of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C). Δ13C was found to be a stable parameter for assessing WUE and screening Bambara accessions. The study identified several accessions with high biomass and low Δ13C, indicating higher WUE. It concludes that Bambara groundnut breeding programs can select for WUE and related traits to develop varieties suitable for diverse agroclimatic conditions.
Aflatoxin Management in Groundnut
This document discusses comprehensive strategies for managing aflatoxin in groundnuts. It begins by explaining that aflatoxin is produced by fungi and can contaminate various crops like groundnuts, maize, and sorghum. It then lists factors that can favor aflatoxin contamination at different stages from pre-harvest to post-harvest. The document advocates for an integrated management approach using cultural practices, host plant resistance, and post-harvest processing. Large-scale demonstrations in India and Gujarat showed that integrated management can successfully reduce average aflatoxin levels to below 10 ppb.
Groundnut Export Strategies
This document discusses strategies for improving India's groundnut export industry. It begins with background on groundnut production worldwide and in India. It then analyzes reasons for India's failure to export to premium markets like the EU, including aflatoxin contamination and inconsistent quality and supply. Suggested solutions include increasing productivity, breeding for export quality, stabilizing yields, and comprehensive aflatoxin management. Case studies show how simple interventions reduced aflatoxin levels on farm and across regions. The document concludes with strategies for India to boost exports like identifying low-aflatoxin production zones, understanding import requirements, ensuring quality standards, and forming a supervisory agency to audit and clear exports.
Groundnut in West Bengal
This document summarizes information about groundnuts. It is a versatile crop grown between 70 N-S latitude. It is an important food and edible oil crop, especially in India. It has unique fodder value and its shells and cakes are used as fuel and feed. The major production areas are in Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra, which account for 80% of total production. There is potential to increase yields in India from the current average of 1700 kg/ha to 9000 kg/ha. The document discusses opportunities to grow groundnuts in West Bengal as an alternative to rice in certain areas.
Aflatoxin Management in Groundnut - Farmers' Friendly Technique
Aflatoxin management in Groundnut by addressing issues at pre and post harvest levels in an inexpensive way.
PMG Technology Doubling Groundnut Yields
Polythene mulch technology can significantly increase groundnut productivity through moisture conservation and weed management. Its use in China has led to groundnut yields of 3-4 tons/ha compared to 2 tons/ha without mulch. The technology is relevant for groundnut cultivation in India during the post-rainy season. It provides early germination and growth, retains soil moisture, reduces weed competition and pest attacks, and increases photosynthesis. Field demonstrations show yield gains of 30-40% in rabi crops and 20-45% in summer crops through the use of polythene mulch.
Scope to Fortify Paddy Straw with Groundnut Haulms
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Integrated Pest Management in Groundnut: By RARS Tirupat and AICRP Groundnut
- 1. Integrated Pest Management in Groundnut
- 2. Root Grub • More severe in lighter soils. • Adults emerge from soil immediately after monsoon rains. • Adults feed on Neem, Acacia, Ber trees. • Grubs are ‘C’ shaped live in soil and feed on groundnut roots. • Affect plant density, there by yields.
- 3. Root Grub Management • Deep summer ploughing to expose the pupae to heat and bird predation. • Use light traps to destroy adults, there by minimize the damage intensity. • Seed treatment with Chlorpyriphos or Phorate 10G
- 4. Termites
- 7. Aphids • Suck sap from tender leaves, flowers and pegs. • Sap sucking leads to stunting and weakening of seedlings. • Vectors of economically important viral diseases.
- 8. Management • Spray systemic insecticides such as Dimethioate; Monochrotophos. • Aphids incidence usually severe during dry spells.
- 9. Jassid • Both adults and nymphs suck sap • Leaves turn yellow incase of jassid injury • Incase of severe incidence, the leaf tips show ‘V’ shaped yellow symptom • This is Called “Hopper burn”
- 11. Jassid Management • Jassids cause severe crop damage at early stage. Install light traps or sticky traps for monitoring the populations. • Spray systemic insecticides such as Dimethioate, Monochrotophos.
- 12. 3. THRIPS (Caliothrips palmi) • Thrips live in tender buds (folded leaves). • Due to their sap sucking leaves get crinkled. • Thrips feeding will result in white scars on the leaves. • These are vectors of BND and StNV diseases.
- 13. Thrips Damage
- 14. Management of Thrips • Seed treatment with Imidacloprid. • Removal of weeds such as Parthenium. • Introduction of border crop such as Sorghum, Pearl millet or maize 5-6 lines or intercrop 5:1 ratio.
- 15. Red Hairy Caterpillar (RHC) • Adults emerge from soil after the monsoon rain and attracted to light. • It is a main pest of rainy season crop. • Adults two days after emergence lay eggs in masses, 300-700. • Eggs hatch in 4 days and the young larvae start feeding on the crops.
- 16. RHC MANAGEMENT • Deep ploughing in summer. • Day after monsoon rain arrange bonfires in the fields around 7-10 PM to attract and destroy the adults. • Grow Cowpea as trap crop. • Make trenches around the field to arrest larva migration and dust with Methyl Parathion. • To manage small larvae spray with NS Extract. • If the damage is 25% or more spray with Quinalphos /
- 17. Spodoptera • It is a major pest of Post Rainy crop. • Adults lay eggs in cluster of 300-500 and covered with scales. • Eggs hatch in 3-4 days and larvae feed on leaves by scrapping. • Well grown larvae completely defoliates the leaves.
- 18. Management of Spodoptera • Deep ploughing. • Placing Pheromone traps • (10/ ha). • Collection of egg mass. • Fix bird perches (50/ha). • For management of young larvae spray with NSKE • If the defoliation is >25% spray with Chlorpyriphos or Quinalphos. • For bigger larvae arrange poison baits.
- 19. Gram Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
- 20. Leaf miner • It attains severity during drought stress in rainy and late sown crop in post rainy season. • Young larvae mine the leaves. • Grown up larvae feed on leaves by staying in leaf folds Management/Control • Timely sowing. • Use of Soybean as trap crop. • Use of millet as intercrop. • Based on the population spray with Quinalphos or Monocrotophos.
- 21. Bruchid damaged pods (Carydon serratus L)
- 24. Management of Bruchid beetle • Cleaning and fumigation of godowns. • Cleaning and fumigation of gunny bags. • Proper drying of pods. • Keep Aluminum Phosphide tablets in airtight godowns. • Spray Malathion or Deltamethrin.
- 25. Source: Plant Protection Scientists RARS-Tirupati (AICRP Groundnut)