Different types of physical activity can have varying impacts on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. High impact sports and repetitive action sports can place significant stress on these systems, while endurance activities also impact them to a lesser degree. Lifelong participation in regular physical activity, as recommended by health organizations, provides both short-term benefits like reduced risk of diseases and long-term benefits like adaptations that encourage continued active lifestyles. This includes increased heart and lung function and more efficient delivery of oxygen throughout the body.
CVS in exercise - SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY
Cardiovascular system and the influence of exercises on it The effects of exercise on cardiovascular system can be determined it by :-
1. The effect on heart size,
2. The effect on plasma volume ,
3. The effect on stroke volume,
4. The effect on heart rate ,
5. The effect on cardiac output ,
6. The effect on oxygen extraction ,
7. The effect on blood flow and distribution
8. The effect on blood pressure
Physiological changes During Aerobic ExerciseAnand Vaghasiya
Exercise induces more activity in the whole body almost every system of the body affected by exercise.
Increasing muscular activity demands the more Oxygen and red blood cell supply to the muscular tissue.
So what is Physiological changes During Aerobic Exercise? explained in detail.
Changes in Cardio-Vascular System
Changes in Respiration
Changes in Blood System
Endocrine functions
The Fick principle
Oxygen delivery or oxygen consumption ( VO2 )
Arterial venous oxygen difference (a-v O2 difference )
2nd and 3rd September 2011,a General Lecture Theatre, Dr Chirantan Mandal, Dr Avik Basu, Dr Dipayan Sen Dr Ushnish Adhikari,Dr Srimanti Bhattacharya, Dr Shubham Presided by Dr Arnab Sengupta (Physiology Dept Medical College Kolkata)
Cardiovascular response to exercise avik baxsuWbuhs
2nd and 3rd September 2011,a General Lecture Theatre, Dr Chirantan Mandal, Dr Avik Basu, Dr Dipayan Sen Dr Ushnish Adhikari,Dr Srimanti Bhattacharya, Dr Shubham Presided by Dr Arnab Sengupta (Physiology Dept Medical College Kolkata)
Dear all,
This ppt includes the acute and chronic effect of exercise on different body system which includes musculoskeletal systems, cardiovascular systems, respiratory system, endocrive system, psychological effects etc. I hope this is helpful for you.
Thank you
CVS in exercise - SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY
Cardiovascular system and the influence of exercises on it The effects of exercise on cardiovascular system can be determined it by :-
1. The effect on heart size,
2. The effect on plasma volume ,
3. The effect on stroke volume,
4. The effect on heart rate ,
5. The effect on cardiac output ,
6. The effect on oxygen extraction ,
7. The effect on blood flow and distribution
8. The effect on blood pressure
Physiological changes During Aerobic ExerciseAnand Vaghasiya
Exercise induces more activity in the whole body almost every system of the body affected by exercise.
Increasing muscular activity demands the more Oxygen and red blood cell supply to the muscular tissue.
So what is Physiological changes During Aerobic Exercise? explained in detail.
Changes in Cardio-Vascular System
Changes in Respiration
Changes in Blood System
Endocrine functions
The Fick principle
Oxygen delivery or oxygen consumption ( VO2 )
Arterial venous oxygen difference (a-v O2 difference )
2nd and 3rd September 2011,a General Lecture Theatre, Dr Chirantan Mandal, Dr Avik Basu, Dr Dipayan Sen Dr Ushnish Adhikari,Dr Srimanti Bhattacharya, Dr Shubham Presided by Dr Arnab Sengupta (Physiology Dept Medical College Kolkata)
Cardiovascular response to exercise avik baxsuWbuhs
2nd and 3rd September 2011,a General Lecture Theatre, Dr Chirantan Mandal, Dr Avik Basu, Dr Dipayan Sen Dr Ushnish Adhikari,Dr Srimanti Bhattacharya, Dr Shubham Presided by Dr Arnab Sengupta (Physiology Dept Medical College Kolkata)
Dear all,
This ppt includes the acute and chronic effect of exercise on different body system which includes musculoskeletal systems, cardiovascular systems, respiratory system, endocrive system, psychological effects etc. I hope this is helpful for you.
Thank you
Physiology of Exercise for course work Dr. BAMU.pptxshatrunjaykote
Physiology of exercise: Cardiovascular System; Heart; Heart Conduction System; Miracles of Heart; Effect of Exercise on Cardiovascular System; CALCULATIONS OF CARDIAC SYSTEM; HOW FIT ARE YOU REALLY?What is your resting Heart Rate?; Respiratory System; Mechanism of Respiration - Inhalation and exhalation; Exchange of Gases in Alveoli; Terminology Related to Respiratory System; Functions of Respiratory System; Miracles of Respiratory System; MONITORY CALCULATIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; HOW FIT ARE YOU REALLY?How efficient are your lungs?; TEST YOUR FITNESSCheck your respiratory system; Climatic Conditions and Sports Performance; Altitude Training;
Physiology of Exercise
Cardiovascular system deals with heart and blood vessels
Blood vessels are divided into three branches – Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
Systole: Contraction of the heart – Arterial systole takes – 0.1 seconds and Ventricular systole takes – 0.5 seconds
Diastole: Relaxation of the heart – Arterial diastole takes – 0.7 seconds and Ventricular diastole takes – 0.3 seconds
Heart beat: One contraction and relaxation of ventricle– Approximately 0.8 seconds
Pulse: is the expansion and elongation of the arterials walls passively produced by the contraction and relaxation of the heart.
Cardiac Cycle: The sequential change of events that occur in the heart during one beat is repeated in successive beats (Average time of cardiac cycle is 0.8 seconds)
Heart rate: Number of systoles and diastoles per minute is approximately 72 beats per minute (Range 70 to 80 beats per minute)
Stroke volume: Amount of blood pumped out of left ventricle in one heart beat or stroke is approximately 70 milliliters
Volume: amount of blood passed out through ventricle in one minute is usually 5 liters in a minute
Minute volume = Stroke Volume X Heart rate
Cardiac output: Amount of blood passed out from left ventricle in one minute is usually 5 liters in a minute
Cardiac Output = Heart rate X Stroke Volume
Cardiac Index: cardiac output per square meter of the body surface per minute
Cardiac Index = 5 liters/ 1.7 square meters / minute
Cardiac Index = 2.9 liters/ square meters/ minute
5 liters of blood can carry 1200 milliliters of air and 250 to 300 milliliters of Oxygen per minute
Blood Pressure: It is the lateral pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries and is normally systolic pressure is 120 mm to 140 mm Hg. and diastolic pressure is 80 mm Hg.
(Normally blood pressure = 120/80 mm Hg.)
Formula for systolic pressure = 90 + Age
Arteries pressure = 120 mm Hg.;
Arterioles = 40 to 60 mm Hg.;
Capillaries = 15 to 20 mm Hg.;
Veins = 0 to 10 mm Hg.
Factors that maintain circulation:
1. Force of contraction of the heart
2. Respiration also helps; when we inhale, intra-thoracic pressure decreases in the chest cavity and the pressure in abdomen increases
3. Elastic Recoil of the arteries: the arteries push the blood to all parts of the body and helps in blood circulation.
4. Gravity: The parts located above the heart and the blood in them is pulled towards the heart through the help of gravity
5. Difference in pressure between the arteries, arterioles, capillaries and veins ensure a pressure gradient which helps in the flow of the blood.
Factors Maintaining Cardiac Output:
1. Venous return means is that amount of blood which is coming back to right atrium form the body.
2. Force of contraction of heart
Sterlings Law: The greater the initial length of the muscle the more is the force of contraction Factors Affecting Cardiac Output:
1. Force of contraction of the heart depends on – respiration, gravity, pressure gradient, elastic recoil
1. AS PE 10 Mark Questions.
Evaluate critically the impact of different types of
physical activity on the cardiovascular system with
reference to lifelong involvement in an active lifestyle.
Different types of physical Activity:
Contact sports.
High impact sport.
Repetitive action sports.
Link to lifelong participation in an active lifestyle:
CHD is 2-3 times more likely with inactive people.
Positive experiences in Physical Activity will encourage people to sustain and active
balanced lifestyle: Dept of Health recommends 30mins of moderate Physical Activity
5 x per week.
Consider the Physical, Mental and Social Benefits
Reduce the chance of:
Obesity
Coronary heart disease
Cancer (better diet + Physical Activity)
Reducing the risk through Physical Activity:
- Improves heart Hypertrophy, increased SV/Q and increased coronary
circulation.
- Decreased blood fibrogen – decreases blood clotting/viscocity and improves
coronary circulation.
- Decreased blood lipids and deposits on artery walls.
- Decreases LDL cholesterol which can be deposited on artery walls.
- Increase HDL cholesterol which removes cholesterol from artery walls.
- Lowers BP reducing the risk of developing hypertension.
- Reduces obesity, controlling body weight, reducing hypertension and risk of
diabetes.
- Reduces stress, tension and anxiety.
- Act as a stimulus to stop smoking.
Link to CHD:
(Arteriosclerosis)
- Hardening of the artery walls/loss of elasticity of the artery walls.
- Reduces the efficiency of vasodilation/vascular shunt mechanism.
- Smoking accelerates the hardening of the artery walls.
2. (Atherosclerosis)
- High levels of cholesterol and fat deposits within arterial walls forming fatty plaque.
- Restricts the flow of blood leading to hypertension.
- Likelihood of blood clots forming.
(Angina)
Caused by arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis in the coronary artery, depriving the
heart of O2/blood. This can occur during rest, anxiety but mostly during exercise.
(Heart Attack)
Complete loss of O2 to the heart, caused by blood clots.
3. Evaluate critically the impact of different types of
physical activity on the respiratory system with reference
to lifelong involvement in an active lifestyles.
Different types of physical Activity (you must include examples):
High intensity activities have a significant impact on the respiratory system.(see
adaptations)
Endurance activities also have an impact.
Link to lifelong participation in an active lifestyle:
Positive experiences in Physical Activity will encourage people to sustain and active
balanced lifestyle: Dept of Health recommends 30mins of moderate Physical Activity
5 x per week.
(IMT - inspiratory muscle training)
By using a form of spirometer, which the athlete breathes into against a set resistance,
for 4-15mins per day can:
- Increase respiratory muscle strength/efficiency.
- Can be used to prevent the effects of asthma and encourage an active and
healthy lifestyle.
(Asthma)
- Narrowing of the airways causing hyperirritability, coughing, wheezing and
mucus production may occur.
- This therefore hinders respiratory performance and overall athletic
performance.
- A warm-up of 10-30mins at 50% of max can inhibit the effects of asthma.
(Smoking)
An active and healthy lifestyle encourages people to stop smoking and not smoke at
all.
- Carbon monoxide has 250 time higher affinity for haemoglobin.
- Carbon monoxide reduces Oxy-haemoglobin association.
- Reduces O2 transportation to the working muscles.
(Altitude training)
Training must take place for more than 4 weeks for adaptations to take place.
The decrease in PO2 causes the following adaptations:
- Increase in Haemoglobin, which allows more O2 to be transported.
- Capillarisation, which increases the flow of blood to the Alveoli.
4. - Increase EPO production within the body.
(Adaptation of the respiratory system through exercise)
- Increased alveoli, increases surface area for diffusion.
- Increased elasticity of the respiratory muscles.
- Increased efficiency and longevity of the respiratory muscles.
- Increased efficiency of respiratory muscles reduces the amount of O2 they use
during respiration.
- Increased strength/power and endurance of the respiratory muscles.
- Tidal Volume (TV) can change during maximal exercise.
- Respiratory frequency reduces at rest (I.E you don’t breath as many times at
rest).
- Respiratory frequency can increase during max exercise.
- Minute ventilation can increase significantly from 150L/min in untrained
performers to 180-200L/min. due to increases in TV during max exercise.
- Increased pulmonary diffusion during maximum exercise.
- Aerobic performance improves.
- Aerobic endurance increases, decreases OBLA.
- Increase in VO2 max.
- Healthy respiratory system encourages lifelong participation and an active
lifestyle.