The document outlines four major perspectives in psychology: the biological perspective views psychological disorders as caused by abnormalities in bodily functioning; the psychodynamic perspective emphasizes unconscious forces and resolving inner conflicts; the behavioral perspective focuses on how behavior is learned through rewards and punishments; and the cognitive perspective sees psychological disorders as products of disturbed thoughts that can be changed by altering thought patterns.

1. BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
 Theoretical perspective that says that
disturbances in emotions, behavior, and
cognitive processes are viewed as being
caused by abnormalities in the functioning of
the body.

2. PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE
 Freudian perspective; A psychological
approach that emphasizes unconscious
dynamics within the individual, such as inner
forces, conflicts, or the movement of
instinctual energy; Behavior can be
explained by attempts to resolve conflicts
between wants and demands.

3. BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE
 Most observable perspective; how we learn
through rewards, punishments, and
observations

4. COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE
 Psychological disorders, according to the
cognitive perspective, are the product of
disturbed thoughts. By changing people’s
thoughts, cognitive psychologists believe that
they can also help clients develop more
adaptive emotions.