This document discusses various psychological defense mechanisms. It defines defense mechanisms as unconscious strategies used to protect from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings. It then explains several common defense mechanisms, including repression, projection, displacement, sublimation, denial, intellectualization, rationalization, and regression. For each defense mechanism, it provides a definition and example to illustrate how that mechanism might operate. The overall document aims to help readers understand different unconscious strategies the mind uses to reduce anxiety and protect the ego.

2. By the end of this presentation the students
will be able to:
 Define defense mechanism
 Discuss various types of defense mechanism

3. o
Defense mechanisms are psychological
strategies that are unconsciously used to
protect a person from anxiety arising from
unacceptable thoughts or feelings.
( Sigmund Freud)

4.  We use defense mechanisms to protect ourselves
from feelings of anxiety or guilt, which arise
because we feel threatened.
 Defense mechanisms operate at an unconscious
level and help ward off unpleasant feelings (i.e.,
anxiety) or make good things feel better for the
individual.

5.  Repression
 projection
 Displacement
 Sublimation
 Denial
 intellectualization
 Rationalization
 Regression

6. o Repression is well-known defense mechanism.
Repression acts to keep information out
of conscious awareness. However, these
memories don't just disappear they continue to
influence our behavior.
o For example, a person who has repressed
memories of abuse suffered as a child may later
have difficulty forming relationships.

7.  Projection is a psychological defense
mechanism in which an individual attributes
unwanted thoughts, feelings and motives
onto another person.
 A person who is afraid of crossing a bridge
with a friend might accuse them of having a
fear of heights, for example, and in doing so,
avoids accepting their own weaknesses.

8.  Displacement involves taking out our
frustrations, feelings, and impulses on people or
objects that are less threatening.
 Have ever had a really bad day at work and then
gone home and taken out your frustration on
family and friends?
 Someone who is frustrated by his or her
superiors may go home and kick the dog, beat up
a family member

9.  Sublimation is the process of diverting your
feelings about the negative self-concepts
that you have of yourself or others into more
socially acceptable activities.
 For example, a person experiencing extreme
anger might take up kick-boxing as a means
of venting frustration.

10.  Denial is one of the most common defense
mechanisms. It occurs when you refuse to
accept reality or facts. You block external
events or circumstances from your mind so
that you don’t have to deal with the
emotional impact. In other words, you avoid
the painful feelings or events

12.  Intellectualization works to reduce anxiety
by thinking about events in detail.
 This defense mechanism allows us to avoid
thinking about the stressful, emotional
aspect of the situation and instead focus only
on the intellectual component.
 For example, a person who has just been
diagnosed with a terminal illness might focus
on learning everything about the disease in
order to avoid distress and remain distant
from the reality of the situation.

13.  Rationalization is a defense mechanism that
involves explaining an unacceptable behavior
or feeling in a rational or logical manner,
avoiding the true reasons for the behavior.
 For example, A student might blame a poor
exam score on the instructor rather than his
or her lack of preparation.

14.  When confronted by stressful events, people
sometimes abandon coping strategies and
revert to patterns of behavior used earlier in
development.
 They might regress by eating meals that
they were given as a child, watching old
films or cartoons.

17.  McLeod, S. A. (2019, April 10). Defense
mechanisms. Simply Psychology.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/defense-
mechanisms.