Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD)
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Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic functional disorder characterized by non-spinning vertigo and unsteadiness lasting for at least 3 months. The diagnosis is made based on diagnostic criteria including symptoms exacerbated by upright posture, motion, and moving visual stimuli. PPPD can be triggered by acute or chronic vestibular disorders, neurological illnesses, or psychological distress. Treatment involves education, vestibular exercises, medication like SSRIs or SNRIs, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
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- 1. PERSISTENT POSTURAL-PERCEPTUAL DIZZINESS (PPPD) ADE WIJAYA, MD – MARCH 2020
- 2. DEFINITION Chronic functional disorder of the nervous system, characterised by non-spinning vertigo and perceived unsteadiness Staab JP, Eckhardt-Henn A, Horii A, et al. Diagnostic criteria for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): consensus document of the committee for the classification of vestibular disorders of the bárány society. J Ves Res 2016.
- 3. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA A. One or more symptoms of dizziness, unsteadiness or non-spinning vertigo on most days for at least 3months. 1. Symptoms last for prolonged (hours-long) periods of time, but may wax and wane in severity. 2. Symptoms need not be present continuously throughout the entire day. B. Persistent symptoms occur without specific provocation, but are exacerbated by three factors: upright posture, active or passive motion without regard to direction or position, and exposure to moving visual stimuli or complex visual patterns. C. The disorder is triggered by events that cause vertigo, unsteadiness, dizziness, or problems with balance, including acute, episodic or chronic vestibular syndromes, other neurological or medical illnesses, and psychological distress. 1. When triggered by an acute or episodic precipitant, symptoms settle into the pattern of criterion A as the precipitant resolves, but may occur intermittently at first, and then consolidate into a persistent course. 2. When triggered by a chronic precipitant, symptoms may develop slowly at first and worsen gradually. D. Symptoms cause significant distress or functional impairment. E. Symptoms are not better accounted for by another disease or disorder. Staab JP, Eckhardt-Henn A, Horii A, et al. Diagnostic criteria for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): consensus document of the committee for the classification of vestibular disorders of the bárány society. J Ves Res 2016.
- 4. Popkirov S, Staab JP, Stone J. Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): a common, characteristic and treatable cause of chronic dizziness. Practical neurology. 2018 Feb 1;18(1):5-13.
- 5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Adkin AL, Frank JS, Carpenter MG, et al. Postural control is scaled to level of postural threat. Gait Posture 2000;12:87–93. Holmberg J, Tjernström F, Karlberg M, et al. Reduced postural differences between phobic postural vertigo patients and healthy subjects during a postural threat. J Neurol
- 6. TREATMENT Education Vestibular exercises Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) CBT Popkirov S, Staab JP, Stone J. Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): a common, characteristic and treatable cause of chronic dizziness. Practical neurology. 2018 Feb 1;18(1):5-13.
- 7. SUMMARY Common chronic functional disorder presenting with the complaints of dizziness and unsteadiness The diagnosis is made by obtaining the characteristic clinical history PPPD may coexist with structural vestibular disorders, other neurological and general medical conditions, and psychiatric disorders that cause vertigo, unsteadiness or dizziness Treatment options include vertigo rehabilitation exercises and medication, with cognitive-behavioural therapy for associated psychological morbidity, and can lead to a good outcome
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