This document discusses organizational dilemmas in schools. It defines organizational dilemma as fundamental dichotomies that cannot be fully resolved, involving core values in tension. Schools face internal dilemmas around goals vs interests, formal vs informal systems, bureaucracy vs professionalism, and hierarchy. External dilemmas include stability over time despite change efforts, boundaries with the environment, and compliance pressures. The document argues that dilemmas are challenges educational leaders must address through open communication and shared determination to achieve goals.

3. Statement of the
Problem:
• What is School Organization?
• What is “Organizational
Dilemma”?
• What are the critical dilemmas in
an organization?
• What are the internal and
external dilemmas that schools
face?

4. Introduction
: It is the greatest challenge
of leadership to guide a
school toward a shared
organizational vision and
mission that pulls together
the various stakeholders
through the recognition of
common values of leaders

5. Discussion:SCHOOL
ORGANIZATION
This refers to how
schools arrange the
resources of time, space,
and personnel for
maximum effect on

6. ORGANIZATIONAL
DILEMMA
They defined it as
“fundamental dichotomy”
that cannot be solve or
resolved. This implies
“deep commitment to
core values that are often

8. BOLMAN AND
DEAL’S CRITICAL
DILEMMAS OF
ORGANIZATIONA
L STRUCTURE

10. Differentiation
vs
Integration
Gaps
vs
Overlaps
Underuse
vs
Overload
Clarity
vs
Creativity

11. Autonomy
vs
Interdependence
Loose
vs
Tight Coupling
Centralization
vs
Decentralization
Goal-less
vs
Goal-bound

12. Irresponsible
vs
Unresponsive
Conformity
vs
Overconformity
School leaders play a critical
role in seeking appropriate
equilibrium in each of theses areas.

13. INTERNAL DILEMMAS
• ORGANIZATIONAL
GOALS
• TASK STRUCTURE
• PROFESSIONALISM
• HEIRARCHY

14. ORGANIZATIONAL
GOALS
This refers to the
relationship of, and
possible conflict between,
organizational objectives
and the motives and
interest of its individual

15. TASK STRUCTURE
This relates to the
tension between
formal and informal
systems within the
organization.

16. PROFESSIONALISM
This pertains to the
conflict between
bureaucratic
management
orientations and

17. HEIRARCHY
This pertains to
top-down vs
bottom-up
management.

18. EXTERNAL DILEMMAS
• PERSISTENCE
• ORGANIZATIONAL
BOUNDARIES
• COMPLIANCE

19. PERSISTENCE
This refers to the
fact that organizational
structures remain
remarkably stable over
time despite efforts to
change them.

20. ORGANIZATIONAL
BOUNDARIES
This relate to the
issue of
organizations as a
social systems that

21. COMPLIANCE
This relates to
whether a school
complies with the
environmental

22. Implication:Dilemmas are still neither
problems to be solved nor issues to
be faced, but they are items that must
be addressed under the supports of
educational leadership. Provided with
these dilemmas, it is in our hand on
how well we can deal with these
kinds of challenges through the
essence of communication among
the people that bound us to work still
with so much desire and
determination in the attainment of the

23. Words from
STEVE JOBS
about Organizational
Structure

24. BE INSPIRED!
OUR WHAT
IF’s