The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most intra-abdominal organs. Structures within this space are intraperitoneal, while those behind it are retroperitoneal. Diseases of the peritoneum and retroperitoneum include peritonitis, which is inflammation often due to infection; primary peritoneal carcinoma, which is cancer of the peritoneum cells; and retroperitoneal fibrosis, an uncommon fibrotic reaction in the retroperitoneum that can cause ureteral obstruction. Peritoneal dialysis is also discussed as a treatment where fluid is introduced and removed from the peritoneal cavity to remove waste.

1. DISEASES OF PERITONEUMAND
RETROPERITONEUM

2. INTRODUCTION
• The peritoneum is the serous membrane that
forms the lining of the abdominal cavity.
• It covers most of the intra-abdominal (or
coelomic) organs, and is composed of a layer
of mesothelium supported by a thin layer
of connective tissue.

3. • The structures within the intraperitoneal
space are called "intraperitoneal" (e.g.,
the stomach and intestines).
• the structures in the abdominal cavity that
are located behind the intraperitoneal space
are called "retroperitoneal" (e.g., the kidneys).
• structures below the intraperitoneal space
are called "subperitoneal" or "infraperitoneal"
(e.g., the bladder).

4. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
• Peritoneal dialysis:- a glucose solution is sent
through a tube into the peritoneal cavity. The
fluid is left there for a prescribed amount of
time to absorb waste products, and then
removed through the tube.

5. • Peritonitis:-Peritonitis is the inflammation of
the peritoneum. It is more commonly
associated to infection from a punctured
organ of the abdominal cavity.
• Peritonitis causes fever, tenderness, and pain
in the abdominal area, which can be localized
or diffuse.

6. • Primary peritoneal carcinoma:-Primary
peritoneal cancer is a cancer of the cells lining
the peritoneum.
• Retroperitoneum is the part of the abdominal
cavity that lies between the posterior
parietal peritoneum and anterior to
the transversalis fascia.

7. • Retroperitoneum is divided into three spaces
by the perirenal fascia and is best visualised
using CT or MRI. The three spaces are:
• anterior pararenal space
• perirenal space
• posterior pararenal space

8. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
• Pneumoretroperitoneum:- is by definition
presence of gas within the retroperitoneal
space.
• retroperitoneal fibrosis:-also known as chronic
periaortitis. It is an uncommon fibrotic
reaction in the retroperitoneum that typically
presents with ureteral obstruction.

9. ICD-10-CM GUIDELINES
• Peritonitis-K65
• Other disorders of peritoneum-K66
• Disorders of retroperitoneum-K68
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