S.M.Shafee , Mouli, Yeswanth, Chandra Mohan, Paul Chakravarthy, Purushotham

1. International iJournal iof iScientific iResearch iand iEngineering iDevelopment-– Volume 3 Issue 4, July-Aug 2020
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ISSN i: i2581-7175 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i©IJSRED: iAll iRights iare iReserved Page i343
Performance Analysis of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine With
Different Shapes of Blades
S. M. Shafee iMe. (ph. d) , iMouli ,Yeswanth , Chandra imohan , Paul ichakravarthy#
, Purushotham$
i i i1.Associate iProfessor--Mechanical iEngineering—Sree iVenkateswara iCollege iOf iEngineering, iNellore
i2,3,4,5,6—UG istudents--Mechanical iEngineering—Sree iVenkateswara iCollege iOf iEngineering, iNellore
Abstract:
iWind ienergy iis ithe ikinetic ienergy iassociated iwith ithe imovement iof ilarge imasses iof iair. iThese
imotions iresult ifrom iuneven iheating iof ithe iatmosphere iby ithe isun icreating itemperature, idensity,
ipressure idifferences. iIt iis ian iindirect iform iof isolar ienergy. iThe idevice iused ito iconvert ithe
ikinetic ienergy iof iwind iinto ielectrical ipower iis icalled ia iwind iturbine. iVertical iAxis iwind ipower
igenerators irepresent ia ivery ipromising ifuture ifor iwind ipower igeneration. iIn ithe ipresent istudy, ian
iattempt iis imade ito iutilize iat ilow-velocity iwind ibelow i4m/s ifor iuseful ipower igeneration iusing
imagnetic ilevitation ifor ivertical iaxis iwind iturbine i(VAWT) itermed ias iMaglev iturbine. iThe
iefficiency iof ithe iturbine iis iincreased iby ireplacing ithe iconventional ibearings iwith imagnets iin
irepulsion; ithe imagnetic ilevitation ihelps ithe iturbine ito ispin iat ia imuch ifaster irate ias iit ieliminates
ithe istresses ion ithe ishaft iof ithe iturbine. iThe imajor icomponents iare iplaced iat ithe iground ilevel
iwhich iensures ithe isafety iof ithe iturbine. i
In ithis iproject, iwe iattempt ito idesign iand ifabricate iin ia ivertical iaxis iwind iturbine iwith ithe ihelp
iof iinterfaces isoftware iCatiaV5.
Keywords i— iDesign, iFabrication, iVertical iaxis iWind iTurbine.
I. INTRODUCTION
Design, ifabrication, iand itesting iof ia iVertical
iAxis iWind iTurbine i(VAWT) iwith iwind
ideflectors iwill ibe ithe iongoing ifinal iyear
iundergraduate iproject iof ius. iHere, ithe imain
ipurpose iwill ibe ienhancing ithe iperformance iof
ithe iVAWT iby idesigning iguide ivanes iand
ifabricating iwith ia ilow icost iand iget imore ishaft
itorque iand irpm. iAnd ialso, iit iis isupposed ito
ibe ia iportable iwind iturbine. i
II. IMPORTANCE iOF iPROJECT
Energy iis ia ihot itopic iin ithe inews itoday:
iincreased iconsumption, iincreased icost, idepleted
inatural iresources, iour idependence ion iforeign
isources, iand ithe iimpact ion ithe ienvironment
iandthe idanger iof iglobal iwarming. iSomething
ihas ito ichange. i i
Wind ienergy ihas igreat ipotential ito
ilessen iour idependence ion itraditional iresources
ilike ioil, igas, iand icoal iand ito ido iit iwithout ias
imuch idamage ito ithe ienvironment. i
Alternative ienergy isources, ialso icalled
irenewable iresources, ideliver ipower iwith
iminimal iimpact ion ithe ienvironment. iThese
isources iare itypically imore igreen/clean ithan
itraditional imethods isuch ias ioil ior icoal. iAlso,
ialternative iresources iare iinexhaustible. i i
III. THE iPOWER iIN iTHE iWIND
The ipower iin ithe iwind ican ibe
icomputed iby iusing ithe iconcepts iof ikinetics.
iThe iwindmill iworks ion ithe iprinciple iof
iconverting ithe ikinetic ienergy iof ithe iwind
ito imechanical ienergy. iThe ikinetic ienergy iof
iany iparticle iis iequal ito ione ihalf iits imass
itimes ithe isquare iof iits ivelocity, ior i½ imv2
.
i iThe iamount iof iair ipassing iin iunit
itimeithrough ian iarea iA, iwith ivelocity iV, iis
iAV& iits imass iM iis iequal ito iits iVolume
imultiplied iby iits idensity i iρ i iof iair, ior i
m i= i iρρρρ iAV…... i(1)
RESEARCH iARTICLE OPENACCESS

2. International iJournal iof iScientific iResearch iand iEngineering iDevelopment-– Volume 3 Issue 4, July-Aug 2020
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(m iis ithe imass iof iair itransferring ithe iarea
iA iswept iby ithe irotating iblades iof ia
iwindmill itype igenerator)
Substituting ithis ivalue iof ithe imass iin ithe
iexpression iof iK.E.
= i½ iρ i iAV.V2 i i i
watts
= i½ i iρρρρ iAV3
iwatts... i(2)
The isecond iequation itells ius ithat ithe ipower
iavailable iis iproportional ito iair idensity
i(1.225 ikg/m3
) iand iis iproportional ito ithe
iintercept iarea. iSince ithe iarea iis inormally
icircular iof idiameter iD iin ihorizontal iaxis
iaero iturbines, ithen,
Put ithis iquantity iin iequation isecond ithei i i i
i i i i ii% =
'
( (Sq. im)
Available iwind ipower iPa i= i × * ×
'
(
i i= i1/8 iρρρρ iππππ iD2
iV3 i
watts
“Wind imachines iintended ifor igenerating
isubstantial iamounts iof ipower ishould ihave
ilarge irotors iand ibe ilocated iin iareas iof ihigh
iwind ispeed”.
The iSource iof iWinds:
In ia imacro-meteorological isense,
iwinds iare imovements iof iair imasses iin ithe
iatmosphere imainly ioriginated iby itemperature
idifferences. iThe itemperature igradients iare idue
ito iuneven isolar iheating. iThe iequatorial iregion
iis imore iirradiated ithan ithe ipolar iones.
iConsequently, ithe iwarmer iand ilighter iair iof
ithe iequatorial iregion irises ito ithe iouter ilayers
iof ithe iatmosphere iand imoves itowards ithe
ipoles, ibeing ireplaced iat ithe ilower ilayers iby
ireturn iflow iof icooler iair icoming ifrom ithe
iPolar iRegions.
This iair icirculation iis ialso
iaffected iby ithe iCoriolis iforces iassociated iwith
ithe irotation iof ithe iEarth. iThese iforces ideflect
ithe iupper iflow itowards ithe ieast iand ithe ilower
iflow itowards ithe iwest. iThe ieffects iof
idifferential iheating idwindle ifor ilatitude
igreaterithan i30°
. iand /30°
0 , iwhere iwesterly
iwinds ipredominate idue ito ithe irotation iof ithe
iEarth. iThese ilarge-scale iflows ithat itake iplace
iin ithe ientire iatmosphere iconstitute ithe
igeostrophic iwinds. iThe ilower ilayer iof ithe
iatmosphere iis iknown ias ithe isurface ilayer iand
iextends ito ia iheight iof i100 im. iIn ithis ilayer,
iwinds iare idelayed iby ifrictional iforces iand
iobstacles ialtering inot ionly itheir ispeed ibut ialso
itheir idirection. iThis iis ithe iorigin iof iturbulent
iflows, iwhich icause iwind ispeed ivariations iover
ia iwide irange iof iamplitudes iand ifrequencies.
iAdditionally, ithe ipresence iof iseas iand ilarge
ilakes icauses iair imasses icirculation isimilar iin
inature ito ithe igeostrophic iwinds. iAll ithese iair
imovements iare icalled ilocal iwinds.
IV. DESIGNING iOF iWINDMILLS
A iwindmill iis ia imachine ifor iwind
ienergy iconversion. iA iwind iturbine iconverts
ithe ikinetic ienergy iof ithe iwind’s imotion ito
imechanical ienergy itransmitted iby ithe ishaft.
iA igenerator ifurther iconverts iit ito ielectrical
ienergy. iSo, iit iis inecessary ito ikeep iin imind,
iwhile idesigning ithe iwindmill’s istructural
ipart.
1. Design iof iBase:In ithis iproject, ithere
iis ia ipole ibase ithat iis imade iup iof
imild isteel ithat ican iwithstand, iin ia
ilarge iforce iof ithe iwind. iThe ibase i&
iits iheight iare irelated ito icost iand
itransmission isystem iincorporated. iSo,
ithe iheight iof iour ibase iis i150cm,
iwidth iat ithe ibottom iis i61cm i& iat
ithe itop iis i31cm.I
i i i i i i
iFig i1-Design iof ibase
2. Design iof iblade:

3. International iJournal iof iScientific iResearch
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ISSN i: i2581-7175 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
Wind iturbine iblades
iaerofoil i– itype icross-section iand
ipitch. i iWhile idesigning ithe isize
iblade iit iis imust ito iknow ithe i
icost iof iblades iin ithe iproject ithree
iwith ivertical ishaft iare iused, iit ihas
i& iwidth iof i73cm i& i122cm irespectively.
iThe iangle ibetween ithe itwo iblades
iSo, iif ione iBlade imoves iother iblades
iin ithe iposition iof ithe ifirst iblade,
iisincreased.
i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i
Research iand iEngineering iDevelopment-– Volume 3 Issue 4
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i i©IJSRED: iAll iRights iare iReserved
blades ihave ion
and ia ivariable
size iof ithe
iweight iand
three iblades
has ia iheight
respectively.
blades iis i600
.
blades icome
blade, ithe ispeed
i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
iblades
3. Shaft iDesigning i
While idesigning
iblades iit ishould ibe iproperly
iblade. i iThe ishaft ishould ibe
iless iin ithickness i& ilight iin
isix iblades, ithe ishaft iused
isize iare iall iproperly ifitted.
iof islipping i& ifraction iis
imade iup iof ihollow iAluminum
ihaving ivery ilightweight. iLength
idiameter iare i91.44cm& i2.54cm
iand iat ithe itop iand ibottom
iof ilength i8cm iand i15cm
ifixed ito igive istrength ito ithe
i i i i i i i i i i i i i
Volume 3 Issue 4, July-Aug 2020
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Page i345
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iFig i2-Design iof
designing ithe ishaft iof
properly ifitted ito ithe
be ias ipossible ias
in iweight ifor ithe
used iis ivery ithin iin
fitted. iSo, ino iproblem
is icreated, iit iis
Aluminum iwhich iis
Length iof ishaft i&
2.54cm irespectively
bottom iends imild isteel
15cm irespectively iare
the ihollow ishaft.
i i i i i i i i i i i i i

4. International iJournal iof iScientific iResearch iand iEngineering iDevelopment-– Volume 3 Issue 4, July-Aug 2020
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i i i i i i i i i i i i i
iFig i3-Design iof iShaft
4. Design iof iBearing i i i i i
For ithe ismooth ioperation iof ithe
iShaft, ithe ibearing imechanism iis iused. iTo
ihave ivery iless ifriction iloss ithe itwo iends iof
ithe ishaft iare ipivoted iinto ithe isame
idimension ibearing. iThe iBearing ihas ia
idiameter iof i2.54cm. iBearing iis igenerally
iprovided ifor isupporting ithe ishaft iand
ismooth ioperation iof ithe ishaft. iGreece iis
iused ifor ibearing imaintenance. i i i i i i
i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i iFig i4-Design iof iBearing i i i i i
SPECIFICATIONS iOF iTHE iWIND
iTURBINE
BASE iDIMENSIONS
Height i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ii150cm
Bottom iWidth i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I 61cm
Top iWidth i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I i31cm
H-SHAPE iBLADE iDIMENSIONS
Height i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i73cm
Diameter i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ii i130cm
Thickness i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i0.1cm
HELIX iBLADE iDIMENSIONS
Height i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i73cm
Diameter i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i122cm
Thickness i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i0.1cm
SHAFT iDIMENSIONS
Diameter i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i2.54cm
Length i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i91.44cm
Total iHeight iof ithe iassembly i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i198cm
V. CALCULATIONS
i i i i i i i i iK iE i= i½ i iρρρρ iAV3 i
watts i i
i i i i i i iρρρρ i= idensity iof iair i(1.225 ikg/m3
)
i i i i i i iA i= i i iππππ iD2
i/4 i(Sq. im)
iD i= idiameter iof ithe iblade i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i iA i= iππππ*(1.30) i2 i
/4 i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i iA i= i1.32 iSq.m
i i iAvailable iwind ipower iPa i= i½ iρρρρ i iππππ iA
iV3
i
Rotor iH-Blade iCalculations:
Diameter iD i= i1.30m
Radius iR i= i0.65m
Area iA i= i1 × 2 i
A i= i1 × 0.65
iP i= i½ iρρρρ i iππππ iA iV3
watt i
i i i i i i
i

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A i= i1.327
For ivelocity iV i= i2m/sec
Torque iT i= i60 ×
8
'9
iN-m
T i= i1.3 iN-m
Speed iN i= i25rpm
: =
21.
60
: =
2 × 1 × 25
60
; = <. =>?@A/CDE
The iinput ipower iof ithe iturbine iPin i= i0.5× * ×
% × F Watt
Pin i= i0.5× 1.225 × 1.32 × 2 Watt
Pin i= i6.468Watt
The ioutput ipower iof ithe iturbine iPout i= iT×
:Watt
Pout i= i1.3× 2.61Watt
Pout i= i3.393Watt
Coefficient iof ipower iCp i= i
GHIJ
GKL
Cp i= i
. M
$. $N
Cp i= iO. P<
The iefficiency iof ithe iturbine iQ = 100 × Cp
Q = 100 × 0.52
R = P<%
Tip ispeed iratio iTSR i= i
T×U
V
TSR i= i
.$ ×W.$#
TSR i= i0.84
Coefficient iof itorque iCT i= i
X
W.#×Y×'×UZ×V[
CT i= i
.
W.#× . #×'×W.$#Z× [
CT i= i0.61
iHelicoidable iBlade iCalculations:
Diameter iD i= i1.22m
Radius iR i= i0.61m
Area iA i= i1 × 2
A i= i1 × 0.61

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A i= i1.1687
For ivelocity iV i= i2m/sec
Torque iT i= i60 ×
8
'9
iN-m
T i= i1.22 iN-m
Speed iN i= i26rpm
: =
21.
60
: =
2 × 1 × 26
60
; = <. ]<?@A/CDE
The iinput ipower iof ithe iturbine iPin i= i0.5× * ×
% × F Watt
Pin i= i0.5× 1.225 × 1.168 × 2 Watt
Pin i= i5.72Watt
The ioutput ipower iof ithe iturbine iPout i= iT×
:Watt
Pout i= i1.22× 2.72Watt
Pout i= i3.32Watt
Coefficient iof ipower iCp i= i
GHIJ
GKL
Cp i= i
.
#._
Cp i= iO. P`
The iefficiency iof ithe iturbine iQ = 100 × Cp
Q = 100 × 0.58
R = P`%
Tip ispeed iratio iTSR i= i
T×U
V
TSR i= i
._ ×W.$
TSR i= i0.82
Coefficient iof itorque iCT i= i
X
W.#×Y×'×UZ×V[
CT i= i
.
W.#× . #×'×W.$ Z× [
CT i= i0.69
H-Shape iblade iTable icolumn:

7. International iJournal iof iScientific iResearch iand iEngineering iDevelopment-– Volume 3 Issue 4, July-Aug 2020
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Helicoidal iblade iTable icolumn:
Sl.no Velocity
m/sec
Speed
rpm
Input
ipowe
r
Pin
i(W)
Output
Power
Pout
(W)
Coefficient
iof ipower
iCP
Efficiency
R(%)
Torque
T(N-m)
Tip
ispee
d
iratio
iTSR
Coefficient
iof iTorque
iCT
1 2 25 6.468 3.393 0.52 52 1.3 0.84 0.61
2 4 92 51.74 25.08 0.48 48 2.6 1.56 0.30
3 6 148 174.6 60.41 0.34 34 3.9 1.67 0.20
4 8 175 413.9 95.26 0.23 23 5.2 1.48 0.15
Sl.no Velocity
m/sec
Speed
rpm
Input
ipowe
r
Pin
i(W)
Output
Power
Pout
(W)
Coefficient
iof ipower
iCP
Efficiency
R(%)
Torque
T(N-m)
Tip
ispee
d
iratio
iTSR
Coefficient
iof iTorque
iCT
1 2 26 5.72 3.32 0.58 58 1.22 0.82 0.69
2 4 98 45.47 25.03 0.55 55 2.44 1.35 0.34
3 6 162 153.4 62.07 0.40 40 3.66 1.27 0.23
4 8 188 363.7 96.07 0.26 26 4.88 1.22 0.17

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Comparison ibetween ivelocity ivs icoefficient iof
ipower:
i. iHelicoidable iblade ii.H-shape iblade
Comparison ibetween ivelocity ivs icoefficient iof
itorque:
. iHelicoidal iblade i i i .H-shape iblade
Comparison ibetween ivelocity ivs iefficiency:
. iHelicoidable iblade i i i i i.H-shape iblade
VI. CONCLUSION
The iproject i“PERFORMANCE
iANALYSIS iOF iVERTICAL iAXIS iWIND
iTURBINE iWITH iDIFFERENT iSHAPES iOF
iBLADES” iis ivery iencouraging iand
ireinforcesithe iconviction ithat ivertical iaxis iwind
ienergy iconversion isystems iare ipractical iand
ipotentially ivery icontributively ito ithe iproduction
iof iclean irenewable ielectricity ifrom ithe iwind
ieven iunder iless ithan iideal isitting iconditions.
iVertical iaxis iwind iturbine icompared ito ithe
iHorizontal iaxis iwind iturbine ihas imore
ieffective iefficiency ioutput. iThe ihelicoidal iblade
ihas icurves ilike iaerodynamic istructure, iSo ithe
iPerformance ianalysis iof ithe iHelicoidable iblade
iis ibetter ithan ithat iof ithe iH-shape iblade.
VII. REFERENCES
Becker, iW. iS. i―Wind iTurbine iDevice.
i‖ iUS iPatent i# i7,132,760 iB2. iFiled
i(Jul. i29, i2003).
Benesh, iA. i―Wind iTurbine iSystem
iUsing iTwin iSavonius-Type iRotors. i‖
iUS iPatent i#4,830,570. iFiled i(Dec. i15,
i1987).
Bertoni, iJ. i―Vertical iAxis iWind
iTurbine iwith iTwisted iBlade ior
iAuxiliary iBlade. i ‖ iUS iPatent
iApplication i# i2008/0095631 iA1. iFiled
i(Oct. i19, i2005).
Clean ifield iEnergy. iV3.5 i―Vertical
iAxis iWind iTurbine iSystem: iProduct
iOverview iand iKey iBenefits iǁ. iRetrieved
iFrom:
ihttp://www.cleanfieldenergy.com/site/sub/p
_we_overview.php.
Cooper, iP. i& iKennedy, iO.
i―Development, iand iAnalysis iof ia
iNovel iVertical iAxis iWind iTurbineǁ. i
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 2 4 6 8 10
coefficientiof
ipoweriCP
Velocity i(m/sec)
0
0.5
1
0 2 4 6 8 10
coefficientiof
itorqueiCT
Velocity im/sec
0
20
40
60
0 2 4 6 8 10
Efficiencyi%i
Velocity im/sec