The document discusses land laser leveling (LLS) for farm mechanization. LLS consists of a drag scraper or bucket, laser transmitter, laser receiver, control box, and hydraulic system. The laser transmitter sends a reference plane signal to the receiver on the scraper. The control box processes the signal to indicate the scraper's position relative to the finished grade. Leveling the land with LLS saves irrigation water, distributes water uniformly, reduces weeds and fuel/time used, and increases crop productivity and field area. LLS improves resource use efficiency, addresses food/nutritional security and environmental issues.

2. FARM MECHANIZATION
HAFIZ MAHMOOD AHMAD
REG. NO. 2015-UAM-205
SEMESTER 3rd (A)

3. LAND LASER LEVEL

4.  The concept of a laser level has been around
since at least the early 1970s
 The original spinning-mirror design laser plane
and line level was patented by the late 1980s.
 The compact lens-based laser line level was
patented in the late 1990s.
 Land levelling is a precursor to good
agronomic, soil, and crop management
practices.

5.  These levelers are implements consisting of a
blade acting as a small bucket for shifting the
soil from higher to the low-lying positions.
 These practices on traditionally leveled or
unlevelled lands lead to water logging
conditions in low-lying areas and soil water
deficit at higher spots.

6.  LLS consists of the following five major
components
 Drag Scrapper or bucket
 Laser transmitter
 Laser receiver
 Control box
 Hydraulic system

7.  Drag scrapper or Bucket:
 The drag bucket can be either 3-point linkage
mounted on by a tractor.
 It is easier to connect the tractor’s hydraulic
system to an external hydraulic by the 3-point-
linkage system.
 Laser transmitter:
 The laser transmitter mounts on a tripod,
which allows the laser beam to sweep above
the field.

8.  Laser receiver:
 It is a multi-directional receiver
 That detects the position of the laser reference
plane and transmits this signal to the control
box.
 Control box:
 The control box accepts and processes signals
from the machine mounted receiver.
 It displays these signals to indicate the drag
buckets position relative to the finished grade.

9.  Hydraulic system:
 The hydraulic system of the tractor is used to
supply oil to raise and lower the leveling
bucket.

11.  Reduction in time and water for irrigation.
 Uniform distribution of water.
 Less water consumption in land preparation.
 Uniform moisture environment for crops.
 Lesser weeds in the field.
 Good germination and growth of crop.
 Uniformity in crop maturity.
 Reduced seed rate, fertilizers, chemicals and
fuel requirements.

12.  Saves irrigation water >35 %
 Reduced weed in the field
 Increase in field areas about 3.5 %
 Reduce farm operating time by 10 %
 Assist top soil management
 Saves labor costs
 Saves fuel/electricity used in irrigation
 Increase productivity up to 50 %

13. The change in our vision of future agriculture in relation to
food and nutritional security, environmental safety and
globalization of markets demands improving
resource-Laser leveling is evidently one of the
ways by which we can address these issues to a
great extent.