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Percentages
- 1. 10/15/2020 Dr. RakshaSingh PERCENTAGES Dr Raksha Singh Principal Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya rakshasingh20@hotmail.com % % % % %%
- 2. DEFINITION Percentage isdivided into two 1. Per means Each and 2.Cent means Hundred In Latin Percentage means ‘Out of One hundred’ We all daily across with this terminology In Internet In Shops In Media In Advertisement Whole thing must be divided into equal 100 parts, then each part represent 1% 10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
- 3. CONCEPT Percent orPercentage can be explained as It is a fraction whose denominator is 100 and numerator is definite quantity, which is called the rate percent Number expressed as a fraction of one hundred is known as percentage Percentage is a ratio, the consequent of which is 100 and the antecedent is the rate percent P/Q = 2/100 2= Antecedent and 100 = Consequent 10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
- 4. CALCULATION 100 square gridTable 1.White 2.Peach 3.Lavender 4.Pink 5.Grey 6.Red 10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
- 5. History In AncientRome, Calculations were done by using fractions in the multiples of 1/100 .( Before Decimal System) Roman Emperor Augustus introduced tax of 1% =1/100 ( In the late 1st Century BC) It was popular in 16 Century and computations with denominator 100 became standard By 17 Century , it was standard to quote interest rates in hundredths 10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
- 6. EXAMPLES Total ClassStrength =250 ,Today 200 students are attending classes. Calculate Percentage of Present and Absent Students? Advik scored 42 marks out of 50 marks in Mathematics Calculate how much percentage Advik got in mathematics subject. If paper is of 100 marks how much Advik will score ? Refer earlier slide- if 200 grid table will be provided what will be your answer? Extra squares of grid will be shaded with yellow colour Hint Its always good if you will convert cells into 1% . Then ,calculation will be easier 10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
- 7. MAKE SIMPLE (Useful inCompetitive Examination) Always consider ‘ whole question ‘( if possible) broken up into hundred equal parts, and consider each one as 1% It is always easy to understand 100 as compare to 1/3 Try to convert things into 100 then compare and answer Say you want to purchase mobile, you surveyed for it in your area it is on MRP only Whereas, in On line purchasing you are getting 20 % Discount on List price . Mobile Price is Rs 20,000 Method start by considering 1% One percent= Rs 200 ( 20000 /100) Multiply with the percentage you want to calculate , here it is 20%, So 20 *200 = 4000 SO the price of Mobile Rs 20,000 – Rs 4,000 = Rs 16,000 10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
- 8. EXERCISE Abha gotpromoted and gets 5% hike in salary At present she is drawing Rs.25,000 in a month, How much salary she will draw after this hike? 10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
- 9. SOLUTION Answer : (Mental Maths ) Calculate 1% of whole 1% or 25000/100 =Rs 250 Multiply that by percentage you are looking for 5% hike means 5 times so 250 * 5= Rs 1,250 Complete the calculation by adding to the initial amount what she was drawing 25000 +1250 = Rs 26,250 per month 10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
- 10. CHALLENGE 10/15/2020 Dr. RakshaSingh Tell a Story – What is your ideal Cocoa Percentage ? When I was in Seattle recently, I went on a tour of the Theo Chocolate Factory. I particularly liked that the tour guide gave us little pieces of chocolate to eat throughout the tour, with provided a strong sense of connection to the chocolate-making process (and ensured that we weren’t just tapping our fingers as we waited for samples at the end of the tour). The guide started us out with a very dark chocolate–maybe 85%? I can’t remember exactly, but it had a high cocoa percentage. Over the course of the tour we worked our way down to 45% milk chocolate, the lowest percentage that Theo offers. As milk chocolate goes, it was really delicious. I should have paid attention to my ideal dark chocolate percentage at Theo, but I didn’t, so when I went to the grocery store last week, I picked up a variety of dark chocolate bars. I think I now know my ideal cocoa percentage for dark chocolate: 65%. It’s a sweet spot for me–slightly bitter without being dry, and just sweet enough. What’s your ideal cocoa percentage? When you treat yourself to fancy chocolate, do you have a favorite brand? While I really liked https://jameystegmaier.com/2018/07/what-is-your-ideal-cocoa-percentage
- 11. 10/15/2020 Dr. RakshaSingh WORK TO BE DONE
- 12. References Madan, K.(2019). Teaching and Research Aptitude. Pearson . Shukla, D. S. (2018). Business mathematics. Agra: Sahitya Bhawan Publications: Agra. https://www.sawaal.com/aptitude-and-Reasoning/percentage-questions- and-answers.html https://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/percentages.html https://jameystegmaier.com/2018/07/what-is-your-ideal-cocoa- percentage/ https://jameystegmaier.com/2018/07/what-is-your-ideal-cocoa- percentage/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage#:~:text=In%20mathematics%2C %20a%20percentage%20(from,%22pc%22%20are%20also%20used. 10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
- 13. THANK YOU 10/15/2020 Dr.Raksha Singh
Editor's Notes
- #2 s equal to 45/100, 45:100, or 0.45. Percentages are often used to express a proportionate part of a total.
- #3 50 % in maharastra is effected by covid and 20% influenced by it , 20 % discount in new arrivals 25/100, 25:100, or 0.25. Percentages , once you will understand it fully you will save your time and money….. Percentage means per hundred say 75% marks means student have scored 75 out of 100 or ¾ some one scored 300 marks out of 400= 75% https://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/percentages.html
- #4 A consequent is the second half of a hypothetical proposition. In the standard form of such a proposition, it is the part that follows "then". In an implication, if P implies Q, then P is called the antecedent and Q is called the consequent.
- #5 White and Peach 1/100 Lavender 13/10pink 15/100 Pink 15 %, grey 20% Red 50%
- #6 In Ancient Rome, long before the existence of the decimal system, computations were often made in fractions in the multiples of 1/100. For example, Augustus levied a tax of 1/100 on goods sold at auction known as centesima rerum venalium. Computation with these fractions was equivalent to computing percentages. As denominations of money grew in the Middle Ages, computations with a denominator of 100 became increasingly standard, such that from the late 15th century to the early 16th century, it became common for arithmetic texts to include such computations. Many of these texts applied these methods to profit and loss, interest rates, and the Rule of Three. By the 17th century, it was standard to quote interest rates in hundredths.[5] Many ancient cultures calculated with numerals based on ten, sometimes argued due to human hands typically having ten digits.[15] Standardized weights used in the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE) were based on the ratios: 1/20, 1/10, 1/5, 1/2, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500, while their standardized ruler – the Mohenjo-daro ruler – was divided into ten equal parts.[16][17][18] Egyptian hieroglyphs, in evidence since around 3000 BCE, used a purely decimal system,[19] as did the Cretan hieroglyphs (c. 1625−1500 BCE) of the Minoans whose numerals are closely based on the Egyptian model.[20 Augustus essentially put an end to tax farming. Complaints from provincials for excessive assessments and large, unpayable debts ushered in the final days of this lucrative business. The Publicani continued to exist as money lenders and entrepreneurs, but easy access to wealth through taxes was gone. Tax farming was replaced by direct taxation early in the Empire and each province was required to pay a wealth tax of about 1% and a flat poll tax on each adult. This new procedure, of course, required regular census taking to evaluate the taxable number of people and their income/wealth status. Taxation in this environment switched mainly from one of owned property and wealth to that of an income tax. As a result, the taxable yield varied greatly based on economic conditions, but theoretically, the process was fairer and less open to corruption.
- #7 1 .80 % Present 20 % absent 2. 84% ,84 3 one grid of ½ % white pink will be 15/200 7.5
- #8 Or you can try the lengthy method of fraction. Above question is simple that’s why you are not able to understand the trick,20%0f 20,000 https://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/percentages.html
- #9 A useful mental maths hack is that percentages are reversible, so 17% of 32 is the same as 32% of 17. Invariably, one of those will be much easier to work out in our head…try it Other method is 25000 * 5% and then add or directly calculate 105%
- #11 Students must share their experience related with percentage https://jameystegmaier.com/2018/07/what-is-your-ideal-cocoa-percentage Ask question about likings in chocolate, cake and investment percentage Theo.it’s hard for me not to return to Lake Champlain when they have a sale on truffles.