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PEDAGOGIES &
TEACHING PRACTICES
     Kurt Love, Ph.D.
ECOJUSTICE
 PEDAGOGY
You & Nature



What is your relationship with nature?
You darkness from which I come,
I love you more than all the fires
that fence out the world,
for the fire makes a circle
for everyone
so no one sees you anymore.

But darkness holds it all:
the shape and the flame,
the animal and myself,
how it holds them,
all powers, all sight—

and it is possible: its great strength is
breaking into my body.

I have faith in the night.

-Rainer Maria Rilke
(translated by David Whyte in Fire in the
Earth)
“Now he seeks to become nobody for a while, to disappear into
  the woods so that the person he really is might find him.”
                   (Plotkin, 2003, p. 244)
Ecojustice Theory
The roots of our domination over each other come from
the same root of domination we feel over the earth.

When biodiversity is threatened so is cultural diversity

Dominant elites exploit the earth and subordinated peoples
for their own benefit.

Social justice, critical social theories, and multiculturalism
are often anthropocentric
Summary Points of Ecojustice Theory
1. Eliminating eco-racism

2. Revitalizing the commons to create a balance between market
   and non-market aspects of community life

3. Ending the industrialized nations’ exploitation and cultural
   colonization of third-world nations

4. Ensure that the hubris and ideology of Western industrial
   culture does not diminish future generations’ ways of living and
   quality of life

5. Support an “Earth Democracy”--the right of nature to flourish
   rather than be contingent upon the demands of humans
                   From ecojusticeeducation.org
Disrupting a Mindset of
         Anthropocentrism
            Thick Description includes:

Questioning “root metaphors” in language
Questioning human domination over nature practices
Exposing “technology as our ecology” in curriculum
Analyzing history through an anti-anthropocentric lens
Ecojustice Teaching Methods
 Exploring the intersections of
cultural value system and ecology
 1.   Teacher-as-Mediator
      Aiming for thick description
      (relationships and tensions)

 2.   Investigating Mindsets
      Disrupting anthropocentric thinking
      and language

 3.   Commons-Based Learning
      Using the cultural commons as place-
      based learning experiences

 4.   Ecological Selves
      Deconstructing our technological/
      ecological selves
Ecojustice Teaching Methods
 Exploring the intersections of
cultural value system and ecology
5.   Sustainable Feast
     Making dishes with foods that are
     in season and from within 100
     miles away

6.   Community Mapping
     Investigating the surroundings of
     an area including its buildings,
     natural areas, types of land usage

7.   Earth-Walking
     Knowing the mythological and
     practical significances of the
     natural area
Feminist Pedagogy
Classroom Practices
1. Invitational Rhetoric

2. Empowerment

3. Building Community

4.Voice

5. Diverse Experiences

6. Challenge Traditional Views
  (Webb, 2002)
Classroom Practices
Invitational Rhetoric

 Does not try to change or control
 students
 Validates various perspectives
 Creates safety, value & freedom
Invitational Rhetoric
 bell hooks states that she does not intend to
 create a classroom space that is comfortable.
 It is turbulent, frank, (fiery) and full of emotional
 disequilibrium
 That is the space that allows for us to get to what
 is real, honest, and authentic
 It should be done with great care and support,
 though.
Cooperative Learning
 Moving away from a top-down lecture
 At the college level:
    Small group discussions
    Papers that incorporated personal
    living experiences and reflective
    thinking
Empowerment

Education is not neutral
“Practice of freedom” - critically
questioning reality so that we may be
able to transform our world
Voice
Path for learning

Being heard

Sharing voice in community

Exercising one’s agency -
empowerment

Affirming personal
experiences
Building Community

Sharing of power or “power-with”
Shifting from individualism to
cooperative mindsets
Service learning projects
Building Community
             Daring to “Care”
Nel Noddings states that classroom spaces become
sites of working on issues and concerns that students
care about
Learning (in the school setting) becomes a process
that students can genuinely care about
Students support and encourage one another in their
learning experiences
Challenge Traditional Views

 Education is not neutral

 Questioning traditional
 views & practices of
 gender

 Questioning traditional
 content and presentations
 of “knowledge”
Ways of Knowing
  What are the different ways that we come to
  know information and construct knowledge?

Observation     Relationships        Measurement
Experience       Historically       Power Relations
Intuition     Intergenerationally       Media
Spiritually      Emotionally            Senses
The Earth

Western Science:
The Earth is a collection of materials, minerals, and
chemicals in systems.
    Which “ways of knowing” construct this
    knowledge?
    Which “ways of knowing” are excluded?
    What is missing from this description of the Earth?
Ways of Knowing
     Western Science:
     The Earth is a collection of materials, minerals, and
     chemicals in systems.

Observation         Relationships          Measurement
Experience           Historically        Power Relations
Intuition        Intergenerationally           Media
Spiritually          Emotionally               Senses
The Earth

Indigenous Science:
The Earth is an integrated, interdependent,
interconnected, nurturing and spiritual being that
reciprocates life through balance and sustainability.
    Which “ways of knowing” construct this knowledge?
    Which “ways of knowing” are excluded?
    What is missing from this description of the Earth?
Ways of Knowing
     Indigenous Science:
     The Earth is an integrated, interdependent, interconnected,
     nurturing and spiritual being that reciprocates life through
     balance and sustainability.

Observation           Relationships           Measurement
Experience             Historically          Power Relations
Intuition         Intergenerationally              Media
Spiritually            Emotionally                 Senses
Queer Pedagogy
In a Lesson

• As with any transformative pedagogy, it’s
  not about having the “right” method...
• It’s about developing the “right” question.
 • Meaningful, thought-provoking, connected
    to real world issues
In a Lesson
•   Investigating “queered” relationships in the content
•   Investigating “queered” knowledges
•   Combining with aesthetic (fine arts, performing
    arts, Theatre of the Oppressed) to provide
    divergent thinking and experiential processes
•   Purposely “othering” knowledge so that students
    can respond by calling out “othering”
•   Investigating how a community produces “queering”
In a Lesson
•   How was Boo Radley “queered” in To Kill a
    Mockingbird?
•   How was the Ugly Duckling “queered”?
•   How did Harvey Milk and his supporters fight being
    politically “queered”?
•   Forum Theater on how queering happens in your
    school/classroom
•   How do boys “queer” each other based on
    definitions of masculinity?

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Peace pedagogies

  • 3. You & Nature What is your relationship with nature?
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. You darkness from which I come, I love you more than all the fires that fence out the world, for the fire makes a circle for everyone so no one sees you anymore. But darkness holds it all: the shape and the flame, the animal and myself, how it holds them, all powers, all sight— and it is possible: its great strength is breaking into my body. I have faith in the night. -Rainer Maria Rilke (translated by David Whyte in Fire in the Earth)
  • 7. “Now he seeks to become nobody for a while, to disappear into the woods so that the person he really is might find him.” (Plotkin, 2003, p. 244)
  • 8. Ecojustice Theory The roots of our domination over each other come from the same root of domination we feel over the earth. When biodiversity is threatened so is cultural diversity Dominant elites exploit the earth and subordinated peoples for their own benefit. Social justice, critical social theories, and multiculturalism are often anthropocentric
  • 9. Summary Points of Ecojustice Theory 1. Eliminating eco-racism 2. Revitalizing the commons to create a balance between market and non-market aspects of community life 3. Ending the industrialized nations’ exploitation and cultural colonization of third-world nations 4. Ensure that the hubris and ideology of Western industrial culture does not diminish future generations’ ways of living and quality of life 5. Support an “Earth Democracy”--the right of nature to flourish rather than be contingent upon the demands of humans From ecojusticeeducation.org
  • 10. Disrupting a Mindset of Anthropocentrism Thick Description includes: Questioning “root metaphors” in language Questioning human domination over nature practices Exposing “technology as our ecology” in curriculum Analyzing history through an anti-anthropocentric lens
  • 11. Ecojustice Teaching Methods Exploring the intersections of cultural value system and ecology 1. Teacher-as-Mediator Aiming for thick description (relationships and tensions) 2. Investigating Mindsets Disrupting anthropocentric thinking and language 3. Commons-Based Learning Using the cultural commons as place- based learning experiences 4. Ecological Selves Deconstructing our technological/ ecological selves
  • 12. Ecojustice Teaching Methods Exploring the intersections of cultural value system and ecology 5. Sustainable Feast Making dishes with foods that are in season and from within 100 miles away 6. Community Mapping Investigating the surroundings of an area including its buildings, natural areas, types of land usage 7. Earth-Walking Knowing the mythological and practical significances of the natural area
  • 14. Classroom Practices 1. Invitational Rhetoric 2. Empowerment 3. Building Community 4.Voice 5. Diverse Experiences 6. Challenge Traditional Views (Webb, 2002)
  • 16. Invitational Rhetoric Does not try to change or control students Validates various perspectives Creates safety, value & freedom
  • 17. Invitational Rhetoric bell hooks states that she does not intend to create a classroom space that is comfortable. It is turbulent, frank, (fiery) and full of emotional disequilibrium That is the space that allows for us to get to what is real, honest, and authentic It should be done with great care and support, though.
  • 18. Cooperative Learning Moving away from a top-down lecture At the college level: Small group discussions Papers that incorporated personal living experiences and reflective thinking
  • 19. Empowerment Education is not neutral “Practice of freedom” - critically questioning reality so that we may be able to transform our world
  • 20. Voice Path for learning Being heard Sharing voice in community Exercising one’s agency - empowerment Affirming personal experiences
  • 21. Building Community Sharing of power or “power-with” Shifting from individualism to cooperative mindsets Service learning projects
  • 22. Building Community Daring to “Care” Nel Noddings states that classroom spaces become sites of working on issues and concerns that students care about Learning (in the school setting) becomes a process that students can genuinely care about Students support and encourage one another in their learning experiences
  • 23. Challenge Traditional Views Education is not neutral Questioning traditional views & practices of gender Questioning traditional content and presentations of “knowledge”
  • 24. Ways of Knowing What are the different ways that we come to know information and construct knowledge? Observation Relationships Measurement Experience Historically Power Relations Intuition Intergenerationally Media Spiritually Emotionally Senses
  • 25. The Earth Western Science: The Earth is a collection of materials, minerals, and chemicals in systems. Which “ways of knowing” construct this knowledge? Which “ways of knowing” are excluded? What is missing from this description of the Earth?
  • 26. Ways of Knowing Western Science: The Earth is a collection of materials, minerals, and chemicals in systems. Observation Relationships Measurement Experience Historically Power Relations Intuition Intergenerationally Media Spiritually Emotionally Senses
  • 27. The Earth Indigenous Science: The Earth is an integrated, interdependent, interconnected, nurturing and spiritual being that reciprocates life through balance and sustainability. Which “ways of knowing” construct this knowledge? Which “ways of knowing” are excluded? What is missing from this description of the Earth?
  • 28. Ways of Knowing Indigenous Science: The Earth is an integrated, interdependent, interconnected, nurturing and spiritual being that reciprocates life through balance and sustainability. Observation Relationships Measurement Experience Historically Power Relations Intuition Intergenerationally Media Spiritually Emotionally Senses
  • 30. In a Lesson • As with any transformative pedagogy, it’s not about having the “right” method... • It’s about developing the “right” question. • Meaningful, thought-provoking, connected to real world issues
  • 31. In a Lesson • Investigating “queered” relationships in the content • Investigating “queered” knowledges • Combining with aesthetic (fine arts, performing arts, Theatre of the Oppressed) to provide divergent thinking and experiential processes • Purposely “othering” knowledge so that students can respond by calling out “othering” • Investigating how a community produces “queering”
  • 32. In a Lesson • How was Boo Radley “queered” in To Kill a Mockingbird? • How was the Ugly Duckling “queered”? • How did Harvey Milk and his supporters fight being politically “queered”? • Forum Theater on how queering happens in your school/classroom • How do boys “queer” each other based on definitions of masculinity?