The document discusses assessing greenhouse gas emissions and climate change impacts as part of an environmental impact assessment for a hypothetical sustainable airport project with a design life from 2025-2050. It identifies key issues to consider for the construction, operational, and airline phases in order to demonstrate a pathway to net zero emissions by 2050. These include emissions from construction materials and transport, surface access and airport infrastructure emissions, and the need for sustainable aviation fuels and new aircraft technologies to significantly reduce airline emissions over the project lifetime.
EU Industrial Future in a climate neutral Europe. The role of electricity, po...Oeko-Institut
Presentation by Christoph Heinemann, "EU Industrial Future in a climate neutral Europe - The role of electricity, power-to-X and renewable H2" (Greens/EFA Group), 19.2.2020
US Department of Energy's Uniform Methods ProjectLeonardo ENERGY
This webinar will provide an overview of the US Department of Energy’s Uniform Methods Project that develops protocols for determining energy savings from energy efficiency measures and programs. The webinar will discuss its motivations, the development process, measures, and how they are used.
EU Industrial Future in a climate neutral Europe. The role of electricity, po...Oeko-Institut
Presentation by Christoph Heinemann, "EU Industrial Future in a climate neutral Europe - The role of electricity, power-to-X and renewable H2" (Greens/EFA Group), 19.2.2020
US Department of Energy's Uniform Methods ProjectLeonardo ENERGY
This webinar will provide an overview of the US Department of Energy’s Uniform Methods Project that develops protocols for determining energy savings from energy efficiency measures and programs. The webinar will discuss its motivations, the development process, measures, and how they are used.
CCS Research in the Netherlands - presentation by Jan Brouwer in the International CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
The presented study analyses and compares the possible tracks for the renovation of the EU building stock, quantifying and illustrating graphically energy savings and avoided CO2 emissions, financial impacts and effects on employment.
The study finds that a so-called ‘shallow renovation track’ will completely miss EU`s 2050 objective on reduction of CO2-emissions in the building sector, and fall short on final energy savings, while not providing substantial economic advantage.
On the other hand, a ‘deep renovation track’, combining a focus on energy efficiency with high use of renewables can be considered as a financially viable route, meeting CO2-targets while showing the lowest energy consumption and offering the largest job creation potential of the assessed tracks.
The study was carried out for Eurima, the European Insulation Manufacturers Association. The full study is available at ecofys.com.
Techno-economic and environmental implications of transportation decarbonizat...IEA-ETSAP
Techno-economic and environmental implications of transportation decarbonization pathways for New York City using City-based Optimization Model for Energy Technologies (COMET)
Dr. Ozge Kaplan, US Environmental Protection Agency
CCS Research in the Netherlands - presentation by Jan Brouwer in the International CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
The presented study analyses and compares the possible tracks for the renovation of the EU building stock, quantifying and illustrating graphically energy savings and avoided CO2 emissions, financial impacts and effects on employment.
The study finds that a so-called ‘shallow renovation track’ will completely miss EU`s 2050 objective on reduction of CO2-emissions in the building sector, and fall short on final energy savings, while not providing substantial economic advantage.
On the other hand, a ‘deep renovation track’, combining a focus on energy efficiency with high use of renewables can be considered as a financially viable route, meeting CO2-targets while showing the lowest energy consumption and offering the largest job creation potential of the assessed tracks.
The study was carried out for Eurima, the European Insulation Manufacturers Association. The full study is available at ecofys.com.
Techno-economic and environmental implications of transportation decarbonizat...IEA-ETSAP
Techno-economic and environmental implications of transportation decarbonization pathways for New York City using City-based Optimization Model for Energy Technologies (COMET)
Dr. Ozge Kaplan, US Environmental Protection Agency
ISCF Future Flight Networking Event - Use casesKTN
This webcast covers the physical, virtual & technology operations already in existence or in planning that can support an integrated aviation system. Areas to consider will be flight corridors for experimentation/feasibility/demo flights, regional connectivity in island and remote communities, the demonstration of drones or air taxis, the demonstration of a partially integrated system and the use of drones to deliver vital health care services.
The aim of the this event is to:
- Convene interested parties to enable new collaborations to form
- Raise awareness of the successful applicants from Phase I (as they will lead the consortia for Phase II)
- Attract non-traditional aviation companies to Future Flight
- Inform on the capabilities and expertise on offer to support your Future Flight project
Future Flight is a £125m Industrial Strategy Challenge Programme seeking to demonstrate novel aviation systems to completely transform the way we move people and goods. The programme seeks to demonstration a fully integrated system in 2024 delivered by large consortia of mixed expertise.
Find out more: https://ktn-uk.co.uk/news/future-flight-workshops
The Role of Airports in Addressing Carbon TargetsWSP
Andrew Marsh-Patrick co-presented with Manchester Airport’s Environment Advisor, Adam Freedman at the Passenger Terminal Expo and Conference 2017. They explained the role of airports in achieving COP21 climate change targets.
Andrew Marsh-Patrick is part of WSP's team acting as administrator for the ACI’s Airport Carbon Accreditation program, which has certified more than 170 airports around the world.
Sharing is Caring – Can cross industry collaboration be achieved on key envir...IES / IAQM
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Rebecca Hearn, Director, Midland Lands Events: MidLE
mental topics?
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
1. Pathway to
Net Zero and
EIA
Institution of Environmental Sciences
EIA Discussion Forum
28 October 2020
2. Eleni Antoniades
Project Environmental Lead
Construction Environmental Management and Assessment
Aviation and Infrastructure
Trustee and Board Member of the IES
email: e.antoniades@eaenvironmental.com
linkedin.com/in/eleniantoniadesenvironmental
Joined by Martin O’Connell
Managing Director at Martin O'Connell Associates
Specialises in design and project management of airport development
3. EIA Process
Greenhouse gas assessment and climate change are not new topics and have been an integral part of EIA
for a number of decades.
For example, the greenhouse gas assessment topic was already included as a requirement of all UK
transport projects in 1999 in the DfT Transport Appraisal Guidance.
There are a number of guidance documents in relation to the assessment of greenhouse gases in
environmental impact assessment:
EU Guidance for SEA and EIA:
• Guidance on Integrating Climate Change and Biodiversity into Strategic Environmental Assessment,
2013
• Environmental Impact Assessment of Projects Guidance on the preparation of the Environmental Impact
Assessment Report, 2017
Department for Transport, Transport Appraisal Guidance:
• https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tag-forthcoming-changes-to-carbon-values
Industry guidance:
• Environmental Impact Assessment Guide to: Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Evaluating their
Significance , IEMA & Arup, 2017
4. EIA Process
The requirement to assess a project’s impact on climate change and assess GHG has been recently
reinforced by the EIA Regulations Amendment in 2017
EIA Town and Country Planning As Amended in 2017
SCHEDULE 4INFORMATION FOR INCLUSION IN ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENTS
4. A description of the factors specified in regulation 4(2) likely to be significantly affected by the
development: population, human health, biodiversity (for example fauna and flora), land (for example
land take), soil (for example organic matter, erosion, compaction, sealing), water (for example
hydromorphological changes, quantity and quality), air, climate (for example greenhouse gas
emissions, impacts relevant to adaptation), material assets, cultural heritage, including architectural
and archaeological aspects, and landscape.
…5. A description of the likely significant effects of the development on the environment resulting from,
inter alia:
…(f)the impact of the project on climate (for example the nature and magnitude of greenhouse gas
emissions) and the vulnerability of the project to climate change;
5. Pathway to Net Zero by 2050
In parallel in 2019, the Government committed to Net Zero Greenhouse Gas emissions
by 2050
This is a target of 100% reduction on 1990 Greenhouse Gas emission levels
This was not a brand new commitment, as the Government had under the Climate
Change Act 2008 already committed to reduce emissions by 80%
Previously, in 1992, the UK Government had published it’s paper, Climate Change: Our
National Programme for CO2
Net Zero by 2050 is a legally binding commitment.
Whilst the power sector is reducing GHG emissions, the transport sector and in
particular the aviation sector, represent significant challenge to meet this target.
6. The Challenge
How will future EIAs of transport and aviation projects take the Net Zero by 2050
commitment into account and ensure that a proposed project would meet this
commitment?
EIAs will need to demonstrate that a project/ developer is on path to a target consistent
with net zero
This means that as well as taking climate change into account for the design of the
proposed project, each organisation and component involved will need to demonstrate
their own Pathway to Net Zero.
Let’s use the aviation sector and take an EIA of an airport project as an example…
Photo: Wolf’s Fang Runway Antarctica
7. The hypothetical project…
EIA of a Sustainable Airport of the Future
The hypothetical project is an existing airfield with a single runway with a length of 2,800 meters
• It was historically used as a military runway
• Currently the airport can only be accessed by private car
• There is no existing terminal building
• The project will also include the construction of a brand new terminal building
• The airfield operating surfaces (i.e. runway, taxiways, apron) will be completely refurbished and
resurfaced
• The design life of the project is 25 years- 2025-2050
• Public transport access links to the airport will also need to be provided
8.
9.
10. The hypothetical project…
The phases that need to be taken into account for the EIA are:
1) Construction phase: Refurbishment/construction of the all the required airport infrastructure.
The organisations involved with this stage include the contractors, sub-contractors and the supply
chain.
2) Operational phase-Design and operation of airport infrastructure for the design life of the
project. The organisations involved with this stage include the design organisation, the Airport
(developer) and it’s supply chain
3) Operation phase- Design and operation of aircraft as well as airlines operating from Airport.
The organisations involved with this stage include the airlines and aircraft manufacturers
Air transport represents the most significant GHG emissions for an airport project in general. For
example, air transport accounts for over 96% of Heathrow’s GHG emissions, with surface access
transport contributing 3%
(data source Heathrow Airport Non Technical Summary Report, 2019)
11. Break out into groups
In groups, the challenge is to identify what you think are the most important and significant impacts in
relation to greenhouse gases which should be taken into account during an EIA?
What existing technology, policies or tools can help our project to meet the Pathway to Net Zero,
what technology will exist in the future?
Photo: Basler BT 67 Antarctica
12. 1) Construction phase
The construction phase will include the refurbishment/construction
of the airfield operating surfaces (runway ,taxiway, airport) as well
as the construction of the terminal building.
The construction of the (hypothetical) airport project is due to
commence in 2021
During the construction phase, what do you think would be the
most significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions given
current construction methodology?
What progress is being made towards Net Zero by 2050 by the
construction industry?
13. 2) Operational phase- Airport Infrastructure
The design life of the project is 25 years (2025-2050)
During the operational phase of the airport
infrastructure, what do you think would be the
most significant contributors to GHG emissions?
What do you think will be the most important
factors to take into account for the design of the
airport infrastructure to reduce GHG emissions?
14. 3) Operational phase- Airline Operators and
Aircraft
The design life of the project is 25 years (2025-
2050)
What technology will exist over this design life
to reduce GHG emissions and meet the Net Zero
by 2050 target?
How do you think aircraft will look and how will
airlines change the way they operate to meet
the Net Zero by 2050 target?
16. Operational phase- Airport Infrastructure
The development of improved public transport systems to reduce the use of individual vehicles, and improve local air quality, is one of the
key challenges for airports and the local authorities. While 98% of airports indicated that public transport was available, a majority of
airports also reported that less than 20% of their employees actually use it to travel to work. In a separate analysis, on average, 36% of
passengers travelled to airports by public transport in 2018, compared to 43% in 2016
Airport surface access
• The hypothetical airport is currently accessible via private car- public transport link would need to be provided, may need to link with
other EIAs or projects
• Transport of passengers and staff to airport during the operation of the airport
Airport infrastructure
• Aviation fuel -which is required to be transported to airport
• Vehicle fleet/ground transport for the operation of airport
• Energy demand- electricity for operation of terminal building and hangar itself
• Lighting for airfield (AGL) and electricity requirement for lighting runway
• The provision of Fixed Electrical Ground Power (FEGP) and Pre-Conditioned Air (PCA) to aircraft at the airport gate reduces
emissions by allowing the pilot to obtain electricity direct from the local grid and use the airport’s air conditioning system to control the
temperature on board. The aircraft Auxiliary Power Unit, which uses normal jet fuel, can then be kept switched off until just before the
aircraft is ready to depart when it is needed to start the main engines
• Air traffic management- excess GHG emissions caused by flight management and the horizontal en-route flight efficiency
Existing carbon reduction schemes
• Airport Carbon Accreditation Programme
• Accredited Energy and Environmental Management Systems at airports
17. Operational phase- Airline Operators and Aircraft
During the operational phase aircraft emissions /air transport will represent the most significant GHG emissions for the airport
project. For example Heathrow’s current GHG emissions are around 20.8 MtCO2e per year. Air transport accounts for over 96%
of Heathrow’s GHG emissions, with surface access transport contributing 3%.Airline Operators and Aircraft
Existing and future technology of aircraft
• Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF)- These can be produced from waste. A number of plants are currently under construction
and current supply is low. Can be blended with traditional aviation fuel (JetA1) and aircraft are already designed to use
• Biofuels-produced from crops, which has other adverse impacts.
• Incremental improvements through design improvements to existing airliners. Ongoing project in Boeing
• Urban electrification of air taxis good for about 75km. Less than ten passengers
• Electrification in regional airliner sized solutions for short haul routes under 1000km with circa 100 passengers. Battery
energy density is nowhere near what is required for large or long-haul routes and is still quite far
• Hybrid airliners with a gas turbine generator charging a battery which in turn powers external fans. Airbus and Rolls Royce
already abandoned this concept.
• Hydrogen power. Quite interesting and has the capability to power 737-sized airliners however requires proportionally large
storage volume for cryogenic propellants in flight while a completely new fuel supply infrastructure is required on the
ground. Safety is a massive issue and the production of hydrogen is carbon intensive. Airbus pursuing this for the moment.
• Ammonia fuel. Passing NH3 over a catalyst will split it into Hydrogen and Nitrogen. Then combust the hydrogen. Exhaust =
water vapor.
Existing carbon reduction schemes include:
• Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA)
• The EU Emissions Trading System