The document explains the difference between active and passive voice, emphasizing that in passive voice, the object is prioritized over the subject. It outlines various forms and structures used to construct passive sentences across different tenses, as well as providing examples and notes on the usage of modal auxiliaries in passive constructions. Additionally, it discusses the context in which 'by', 'born', and 'get' can be utilized in passive sentences.

1. By: Dian Puspita

2. Introduction
• Active voice is a sentence, where the subject is the one
whose are responsible for the action. Otherwise, in the
passive voice, the object is the one whose are responsible
for the action, instead of the subject.
• Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-
nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif
(passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai
pekerjaan oleh object kalimat.
• We often find the passive voice in thearticle of
newspapers, magazines, and scientific literature. Passive
voice is used, because the object from the active voice, is
the more important information than the subjects.
• Sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat
kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-
tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari
active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting
dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

4. Forms of Passive Voice
There are some general forms that used in the passive voice.
Things that differentiate it, is when the moments occur. Is it
already happens, is happens, or will happens.
Ada beberapa bentuk umum yang sering digunakan dalam
membentuk passive voice. Yang membedakan adalah waktu
berlangsungnya kejadian yang diterangkan, sudah
terjadi, sedang terjadi atau akan terjadi. Beberapa
diantaranya yang sering digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:
NO. Struktur Maksud
1 S + is/am/are/was/were + V3 di [...]
2 S + is/am/are/was/were + being + V3 sedang [...]
3 S + has/have/had + been + V3 telah di [...]
4 akan/dapat/mungkin/pasti di
S + will/shall/can/may/must, etc + V3
[...]

5. Passive Voice Formula
Present
Present Formula Example
Simple S + is/am/are + V3 The book is bought by Nanik
The book is being bought by
Continous S + is/am/are + being + V3
Nanik
The book has been bought by
Perfect S + have/has + been + v3
Nanik
Perfect S + have/has + been + being The book has been being
continous + v3 bought by Nanik
Past
Past Pasif Example
Simple S + was/were + V3 The book was bought by Nanik
S + was/were + being + The book was being bought by
Continous
V3 Nanik
The book had been bought by
Perfect S + had + been + v3
Nanik
Perfect S + had + been + being The book had been being bought
continous + v3 by Nanik

6. Passive Voice Formula
Future Pasif Example
The book will be bought by
Simple S + will + be + V3
Nanik
The book will be being bought
Continous S + will + be + being + V3
by Nanik
The book will have been bought
Perfect S + will + have + been + v3
by Nanik
Perfect S + will + have + been + being The book will have been being
continous + v3 bought by Nanik
Note: the main formula of passive voice is TO BE / BE + VERB 3
catatan: rumus utama pada passive voice adalah TO BE/BE + VERB 3

7. Example

8. Converting the active voice, to the
passive voice
Tenses ACTIVE PASSIVE
Simple Present Jane helps Tina. Tina is helped by Jane.
Present Progressive Jane is helping Tina. Tina is being helped by
Jane.
Present Perfect Jane has helped Tina. Tina has been helped by
Jane.
Simple Past Jane helped Tina. Tina was helped by Jane.
Past Progressive Jane was helping Tina. Tina was being helped by
Jane.
Past Perfect Jane had helped Tina. Tina had been helped by
Jane.
Simple Future Jane will help Tina. Tina will be helped by Jane.
To Be Going To Jane is going to help Tina. Tina is going to be helped
by Jane.
Future perfect Jane will have helped Tina. Tina will have been helped
by Jane.

9.  There are three words that can be used in
passive voice.
 By; is used to express a reason for an passive
doings
 Born; is used when we talk about a born of
someone, or a happenings
 Get; can be used to subtituate to be , in the
situation where it takes place.

10.  Untuk menyatakan apa penyebab sebuah tindakan pasif, kita bisa
menggunakan by. Contoh:
Ø This photo was taken by my friend.
Ø I was given this by my brother.
 Seringkali tidak diperlukan untuk menyatakan penyebab
tindakan pasif, khususnya jika dipahami dengan jelas atau tidak
relevan. Sebagai contoh:
Ø The meeting was cancelled (pertemuan itu dibatalkan). (Informasi
penting yang ingin disampaikan adalah pembatalan
pertemuan, bukan siapa yang membatalkannya.)
Ø These boots were made in Italy (sepatu-sepatu boot ini dibuat di
Italia). (Informasi yang penting dalam kalimat ini adalah bahwa
sepatu-sepatu tersebut dibuat di Italia, bukan siapa yang
membuatnya).

11.  Get bisa digunakan menggantikan to be pada situasi dimana
sesuatu terjadi. Contoh:
Ø Our flight got cancelled = Our flight was cancelled.
Ø I got paid today = I was paid today.
 Get tidak bisa digunakan pada situasi-situasi umum dan apabila
bersama dengan kata kerja yang menyatakan keadaan (bukan
tindakan). Contoh:
Ø He is liked by a lot of people. – Benar
Ø He gets liked by a lot of people. - Tidak benar
Ø She is known to be a hard-working employee. – Benar
Ø She gets known to be a hard-working employee.- Tidak benar
 Get digunakan lebih sering dalam bahasa Inggris informal.

12.  Ketika berbicara tentang kelahiran orang
tertentu atau suatu peristiwa, kita
menggunakan bentuk pasif “to be born”.
Contoh:
 Ø I was born in Iran.
 Ø The twins were born just last year.

13. Indirect Object as Passive Object
 ACTIVE: Someone gave Mrs. Grim an award.
 PASSIVE: Mrs. Grim was given an award by someone.
 ACTIVE: Someone gave an award to Mrs. Grim.
 PASSIVE: An award was given to Mrs. Grim.
Direct Object (Object Langsung): Sesuatu.
Indirect Object (Object tak langsung): yang menerima sesuatu.
Contoh 4 kalimat di atas semuanya mempunyai makna yang sama.
Mrs. Grim: sebagai object tak langsung (Indirect Object), dan an award: sebagai object langsung (Direct
Object).
Baik Object langsung ataupun Object tak langsung bisa menjadi Subject dalam bentuk kalimat pasif.
CATATAN: Ketika object langsung menjadi subject, frase “to” biasanya digunakan didepan atau sebelum
object tak langsung (lihat contoh kalimat ke 4).

14. Passive voice by modal auxiliaries and
similar expression
• On the previous slide, I’ve explaining about
the use and example of passive voice, that is
used in some tenses. And for now, we will
study about the passive voice by using modal
auxiliaries and similar expression.
• Pada bagian yang sebelumnya saya sudah
menjelaskan tentang penggunaan dan contoh
Passive Voice yang digunakan pada beberapa
tenses, dan untuk saat ini kita akan
membahas tentang penggunaan Passive Voice
dengan menggunakan Modal Auxiliaries and
Similar Expression (ekspresi serupa).

15. Modal Auxiliaries
• Modals is an Auxiliary verbs. In general uses, Modal
auxiliaries is used for expressing manner or mood of the
speaker.
Examples, modal auxiliaries can express that the speaker feel
that somethingf is necessary, advisable, permissible, or
possible.
• Modals adalah auxiliary verbs (kata kerja bantu). Secara
umum modal auxiliaries digunakan untuk
mengekspresikan sikap atau suasana hati si pembicara.
Contohnya, modal auxiliaries dapat mengekspresikan bahwa
si pembicara merasakan bahwa sesuatu tersebut merupakan
necessary (kebutuhan), advisable (baik untuk
dilakukan), permissible (diizinkan/ diperbolehkan), atau
possible (mungkin untuk dilakukan).

16. Passive Voice by Modal Auxiliaries
Pada kalimat positif MODAL + be + VERB Pada kalimat positif
3
Pada kalimat negatif MODAL + NOT + be + Pada kalimat negatif
VERB 3
Pada bentuk lampau MODAL + have been + Pada bentuk lampau
kalimat pasif VERB 3 kalimat pasif

17. Modal Auxiliaries and The example of
Similar Expression Passive Voice
(Kalimat Pasif)
Can - Could The door can be (Artinya: Pintunya dapat
(bisa/dapat) opened. dibuka.)
be able to Shania is able to be (Artinya: Shania dapat
(bisa/dapat) hired for Chemical Staff dipekerjakan untuk bagian
Department. staf bahan kimia.)
Will - Would Tom will be invited to (Artinya: Tom akan diundang
(akan) the party by Kim. ke pesta oleh Kim.)
May - Might The Cooking club may (Artinya: Klub memasak
(boleh/ mungkin) be joined by everyone. boleh diikuti oleh semua
orang.)
Must - Have to My homework must be (Artinya: Pekerjaan rumah
(harus/ pasti) finished as soon as saya harus diselesaikan
possible. secepat mungkin.)
Should - Ought to That book should not (Artinya: Buku itu tidak
(seharusnya) be stolen by him. seharusnya dicuri oleh dia.)
be supposed to Fred is supposed to be (Artinya: Fred seharusnya
(seharusnya) told about the meeting. diberitahu tentang
pertemuan atau rapat.)
be going to He is going to be fired (Artinya: Dia akan
(akan) from his position as soon diberhentikan dari
as possible. jabatannya secepatnya.)

18. Contoh The Past Passive Voice
(Bentuk Lampau Kalimat Pasif)
Dengan Menggunakan Modal
Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries The Past – Passive Form (Bentuk
Lampau Kalimat Pasif)
Should The letter should have been sent
last week.
(Artinya: Suratnya seharusnya sudah
dikirim minggu lalu.)
Must This house must have been built
over 200 years ago.
(Artinya: Rumah ini pasti sudah
dibangun lebih dari 200 tahun yang
lalu.)
Ought to Jack ought to have been invited to
the party.
(Artinya: Jack seharusnya sudah
diundang ke pesta.)