A conceptual framework represents the researcher's understanding of how the variables in a study relate to each other based on a review of literature. It maps out the actions needed in the study and identifies the key variables. The conceptual framework is developed through choosing a topic, conducting a literature review to isolate important variables, and generating a framework that shows causal influences and connections between an independent and dependent variable using boxes, arrows, and lines. Once complete, the conceptual framework guides the research methods used to test the illustrated relationships.
Chapter Two:
Review of the Literature
*
Chapter Outline
Review of the Literature
The Research Topic
The Literature Review
The Use of the Literature
Design Techniques
Steps in Conducting a Literature Review Searching Computerized Databases
A Priority for Selecting Literature Material
A Literature Map of the Research
Abstracting Studies
Example 2.1. Literature Review Abstract in a Quantitative Study
Example 2.2. Literature Review Abstract in a Study Advancing a Typology
Style Manuals
The Definition of Terms
Example 2.3. Terms Defined in an Independent Variables Section
Example 2.4. Terms Defined in a Mixed Methods Dissertation
A Quantitative or Mixed Methods Literature Review
*
The Research Topic
A critical first step in any research is examining the existing body of knowledge on the research topic/idea, and it will assist the Researcher with all of the following:The subject or subject matter of a proposed studyDescribe in a few wordsThe central idea you want to learn aboutThe topic can be researched ifYou have access to participantsYou have resources to collect and analyze informationThe topic should be researched ifThe research will add to the literature about the topicScholars will be interested in the topicA study of it will advance your personal goals
The Literature ReviewShares the results of other studiesRelates the study to the larger dialogue in the literatureProvides a framework for establishing the importance of the studyProvides a benchmark for comparing the results to other findings
The Use of Literature
The use and length of the literature varies based on the forum: research proposal, dissertation or journal article. Despite this, the literature may:provide a summary of major studies on the research problemdemonstrate the writers knowledge of the topic/problem/issueintegrate what others have done and said about the topic/problem/issuemay criticize previous scholarly works on the topic/problem/issuemay allow for connections between related topicsmay elucidate the central issues in the field
Using Literature in a Qualitative Study
The Use of Literature in a Quantitative Study
In quantitative studies the literature is used deductively as it provides a framework for the research questions and hypothesisProvide direction to the research questions and hypothesesIntroduce a problemIntroduce and describe the theory that will be used Examine the usefulness of the theoryCompare results with existing literature or predictions
The Use of Literature in a Mixed Methods Study
In mixed methods studies Researchers use the literature:in either a quantitative or qualitative approachin a manner consistent with either quantitative or qualitative approachrelative to the intended audience
Irrespective of the type of study, choose one of the following types of literature reviews:
Integrative
Critical
Building bridges among topics
Identification of central issues
Steps in Con ...
Use a worksheet to develop and formalize your formal researc.docxjessiehampson
Use a worksheet to develop and formalize your formal research hypothesis. A hypothesis is a clear statement that defines the independent and dependent variables in easy-to-measure terms and the relationship between them. A good hypothesis is grounded in theory and research and is falsifiable (that is to say, testable). Reviewing Chapters 2 and 3 will be helpful for this assignment and your upcoming midterm.
Week 3 Assignment: Hypothesis Development
NAME:
Instructions: Use this worksheet to develop and formalize your formal research hypothesis. A hypothesis is a clear statement that defines the independent and dependent variables in easy-to-measure terms and the relationship between them. A good hypothesis is grounded in theory and research and is falsifiable (or testable). Reviewing Chapters 2 and 3 will be helpful for this assignment (and your upcoming midterm!).
Research Question
1 point
Provide your research question (this may have been revised based on feedback from the discussion board last week).
Hypothesis
6 points
Provide your formal hypothesis.
Theoretical Justification: Reason 1
2 points
· Please provide one major reason, based in the literature, that leads you to your hypothesis
· Make sure to provide supporting references
· If done well, this will directly contribute to the outline of your literature review section in your research proposal
Theoretical Justification: Reason 2
2 points
· Please provide one major reason, based in the literature, that leads you to your hypothesis
· Make sure to provide supporting references
· If done well, this will directly contribute to the outline of your literature review section in your research proposal
Identify Variables
4 points
· What are the variables?
· Which variable(s) could be considered independent variables?
· Which variable(s) could be considered dependent variables?
Measure Variables
5 points
· Please list each variable and how it is operationally defined (in other words, how it will it be measured)
· If done well, this will directly contribute to your measures section in your research proposal
1
1
Use a worksheet to develop and formalize your formal research hypothesis. A
hypothesis is a clear statement that defines the independent and dependent
variables in easy
-
to
-
measure terms and the relationship between them. A
good hypothesis is gr
ounded in theory and research and is falsifiable (that is
to say, testable). Reviewing Chapters 2 and 3 will be helpful for this
assignment and your upcoming midterm
.
Week 3 Assignment: Hypothesis Development
NAME:
Instructions: Use this worksheet to
develop and formalize your formal research hypothesis. A
hypothesis is a clear statement that defines
the independent and dependent variables in easy
-
to
-
measure terms and the relationship between them. A good hypothesis is grounded in theory and
research and is falsifiable (or testable). Reviewing Chapters 2 and 3 will be helpful for th ...
Unit 7. Theoritical & Conceptual Framework.pptxshakirRahman10
THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS:
objectives:
1. Discuss the different types of models and frameworks used in research framework
2. Discuss the use of theoretical/conceptual frameworks and models in the research.
3. Differentiate theoretical/conceptual frameworks and models
4. Recognize the best suit theory or theoretical model/framework for particular research study
5. Develop conceptual models/framework, best suit for particular research study.
What is a theoretical framework?
A theoretical framework is a summary of the researcher’s theory regarding a particular problem that is developed through a review of previously tested knowledge of variables involved. It identifies a plan for investigation and interpretation of the findings.
It relates to philosophical basis on which the research takes place and form the link between the theoretical aspects and practical components of the investigation undertaken. Therefore it’’ has implications for every decision made in the research process".
Theoretical framework can be considered as a conceptual model that establishes a sense of structure that guides the research process. It includes the variables a researcher intends to measure and relationships he/she seeks to understand. Essentially, this is where a researcher develops a “theory” and build his/her case for investigating that theory.
The theoretical framework is the researcher’s presentation of a theory that explains a particular problem and it is not based on his/her suspicions alone.
Theoretical framework is presented in the early section of a dissertation mainly in chapter two of the report and provides the rationale for conducting your research to investigate a particular research problem.
It involves a well-supported rationale and is organized in a manner that helps the reader understand and asses the perspective of the researcher.
When developing a theoretical framework:
The researcher start by describing what is known about the variables involved, what is known about their relationship, and what can be explained thus far.
One need to investigate other researchers’ theories behind these relationships and identify a theory (or a combination of theories) that explain his/her major research problem.
The researcher need to consider alternative theories that might challenge his/her perspective.
One also considers the limitations associated with his/her theory and quite possibly that problem could be better understood by other theoretical frameworks.
Significance of a theoretical framework:
It helps the researcher to consider other possible frameworks and to reduce biases that may sway the researcher’s interpretation.
It clarifies researcher’s implicit theory in a manner that is more clearly defined.
It demonstrates that the relationships proposed by the researcher are not based on his/her personal instincts or guesses, but rather formed from facts obtained from authors of previous research.
Chapter Two:
Review of the Literature
*
Chapter Outline
Review of the Literature
The Research Topic
The Literature Review
The Use of the Literature
Design Techniques
Steps in Conducting a Literature Review Searching Computerized Databases
A Priority for Selecting Literature Material
A Literature Map of the Research
Abstracting Studies
Example 2.1. Literature Review Abstract in a Quantitative Study
Example 2.2. Literature Review Abstract in a Study Advancing a Typology
Style Manuals
The Definition of Terms
Example 2.3. Terms Defined in an Independent Variables Section
Example 2.4. Terms Defined in a Mixed Methods Dissertation
A Quantitative or Mixed Methods Literature Review
*
The Research Topic
A critical first step in any research is examining the existing body of knowledge on the research topic/idea, and it will assist the Researcher with all of the following:The subject or subject matter of a proposed studyDescribe in a few wordsThe central idea you want to learn aboutThe topic can be researched ifYou have access to participantsYou have resources to collect and analyze informationThe topic should be researched ifThe research will add to the literature about the topicScholars will be interested in the topicA study of it will advance your personal goals
The Literature ReviewShares the results of other studiesRelates the study to the larger dialogue in the literatureProvides a framework for establishing the importance of the studyProvides a benchmark for comparing the results to other findings
The Use of Literature
The use and length of the literature varies based on the forum: research proposal, dissertation or journal article. Despite this, the literature may:provide a summary of major studies on the research problemdemonstrate the writers knowledge of the topic/problem/issueintegrate what others have done and said about the topic/problem/issuemay criticize previous scholarly works on the topic/problem/issuemay allow for connections between related topicsmay elucidate the central issues in the field
Using Literature in a Qualitative Study
The Use of Literature in a Quantitative Study
In quantitative studies the literature is used deductively as it provides a framework for the research questions and hypothesisProvide direction to the research questions and hypothesesIntroduce a problemIntroduce and describe the theory that will be used Examine the usefulness of the theoryCompare results with existing literature or predictions
The Use of Literature in a Mixed Methods Study
In mixed methods studies Researchers use the literature:in either a quantitative or qualitative approachin a manner consistent with either quantitative or qualitative approachrelative to the intended audience
Irrespective of the type of study, choose one of the following types of literature reviews:
Integrative
Critical
Building bridges among topics
Identification of central issues
Steps in Con ...
Use a worksheet to develop and formalize your formal researc.docxjessiehampson
Use a worksheet to develop and formalize your formal research hypothesis. A hypothesis is a clear statement that defines the independent and dependent variables in easy-to-measure terms and the relationship between them. A good hypothesis is grounded in theory and research and is falsifiable (that is to say, testable). Reviewing Chapters 2 and 3 will be helpful for this assignment and your upcoming midterm.
Week 3 Assignment: Hypothesis Development
NAME:
Instructions: Use this worksheet to develop and formalize your formal research hypothesis. A hypothesis is a clear statement that defines the independent and dependent variables in easy-to-measure terms and the relationship between them. A good hypothesis is grounded in theory and research and is falsifiable (or testable). Reviewing Chapters 2 and 3 will be helpful for this assignment (and your upcoming midterm!).
Research Question
1 point
Provide your research question (this may have been revised based on feedback from the discussion board last week).
Hypothesis
6 points
Provide your formal hypothesis.
Theoretical Justification: Reason 1
2 points
· Please provide one major reason, based in the literature, that leads you to your hypothesis
· Make sure to provide supporting references
· If done well, this will directly contribute to the outline of your literature review section in your research proposal
Theoretical Justification: Reason 2
2 points
· Please provide one major reason, based in the literature, that leads you to your hypothesis
· Make sure to provide supporting references
· If done well, this will directly contribute to the outline of your literature review section in your research proposal
Identify Variables
4 points
· What are the variables?
· Which variable(s) could be considered independent variables?
· Which variable(s) could be considered dependent variables?
Measure Variables
5 points
· Please list each variable and how it is operationally defined (in other words, how it will it be measured)
· If done well, this will directly contribute to your measures section in your research proposal
1
1
Use a worksheet to develop and formalize your formal research hypothesis. A
hypothesis is a clear statement that defines the independent and dependent
variables in easy
-
to
-
measure terms and the relationship between them. A
good hypothesis is gr
ounded in theory and research and is falsifiable (that is
to say, testable). Reviewing Chapters 2 and 3 will be helpful for this
assignment and your upcoming midterm
.
Week 3 Assignment: Hypothesis Development
NAME:
Instructions: Use this worksheet to
develop and formalize your formal research hypothesis. A
hypothesis is a clear statement that defines
the independent and dependent variables in easy
-
to
-
measure terms and the relationship between them. A good hypothesis is grounded in theory and
research and is falsifiable (or testable). Reviewing Chapters 2 and 3 will be helpful for th ...
Unit 7. Theoritical & Conceptual Framework.pptxshakirRahman10
THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS:
objectives:
1. Discuss the different types of models and frameworks used in research framework
2. Discuss the use of theoretical/conceptual frameworks and models in the research.
3. Differentiate theoretical/conceptual frameworks and models
4. Recognize the best suit theory or theoretical model/framework for particular research study
5. Develop conceptual models/framework, best suit for particular research study.
What is a theoretical framework?
A theoretical framework is a summary of the researcher’s theory regarding a particular problem that is developed through a review of previously tested knowledge of variables involved. It identifies a plan for investigation and interpretation of the findings.
It relates to philosophical basis on which the research takes place and form the link between the theoretical aspects and practical components of the investigation undertaken. Therefore it’’ has implications for every decision made in the research process".
Theoretical framework can be considered as a conceptual model that establishes a sense of structure that guides the research process. It includes the variables a researcher intends to measure and relationships he/she seeks to understand. Essentially, this is where a researcher develops a “theory” and build his/her case for investigating that theory.
The theoretical framework is the researcher’s presentation of a theory that explains a particular problem and it is not based on his/her suspicions alone.
Theoretical framework is presented in the early section of a dissertation mainly in chapter two of the report and provides the rationale for conducting your research to investigate a particular research problem.
It involves a well-supported rationale and is organized in a manner that helps the reader understand and asses the perspective of the researcher.
When developing a theoretical framework:
The researcher start by describing what is known about the variables involved, what is known about their relationship, and what can be explained thus far.
One need to investigate other researchers’ theories behind these relationships and identify a theory (or a combination of theories) that explain his/her major research problem.
The researcher need to consider alternative theories that might challenge his/her perspective.
One also considers the limitations associated with his/her theory and quite possibly that problem could be better understood by other theoretical frameworks.
Significance of a theoretical framework:
It helps the researcher to consider other possible frameworks and to reduce biases that may sway the researcher’s interpretation.
It clarifies researcher’s implicit theory in a manner that is more clearly defined.
It demonstrates that the relationships proposed by the researcher are not based on his/her personal instincts or guesses, but rather formed from facts obtained from authors of previous research.
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
- represents the researcher’s synthesis of literature on
how to explain a phenomenon.
- it maps out the actions required in the course of the
study given his previous knowledge of other researchers’ point of
view and his observations on the subject of research.
3. - the conceptual framework is the researcher’s
understanding of how the particular variables in his study connect
with each other.
- it identifies the variables required in the research
investigation.
- it is the researcher’s “map” in pursuing the investigation.
4. STEP BY STEP GUIDE ON HOW TO MAKE THE CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
1. Choose your topic
2. Do a literature review
3. Isolate the important variables
4. Generate the conceptual framework
8. EXPANDING THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Moderator variables
Mediator variables
• Control variables
9. Next steps
Once your conceptual framework is complete, you’re ready to start undertaking
scientific research that will prove the relationships you have illustrated. You can
select from a number of qualitative and quantitative research methods, including:
Literature reviews
Interviews
Surveys
