The document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria do not have a nucleus or many organelles, while eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals and fungi have a nucleus that houses their DNA and many membrane-bound organelles that perform specialized functions. Some organelles like the cell membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes are common to both cell types, but eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex with structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria that carry out important processes.

1. Structure and Function
Prokaryotic &
Eukaryotic Cells

2. Cell Theory says that….
1. All living things are made of
Cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in all
living things.
3. New cells are only made from
existing cells.

3. Cells have diverse varieties

4. These are two distinct types of cells
with STRUCTURAL differences.
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Animal Plant

5. Traits of Prokaryotes:
1. They do not have a nucleus, and their
genetic material is not stored in the
nucleus.
2. They have some organelles( structures),
but not many.
3. They are less complicated that
eukaryotes.
4. All bacteria are prokaryotes.
5. Most are unicellular, but some
prokaryotes are multicellular.

6. Traits of Eukaryotes:
1. They all have a nucleus where
the genetic material of the
cell is stored.
2. They have many organelles
that work together to help the
cell function.

7. More traits of Eukaryotes:
3. Eukaryotic cells are much more
complex then prokaryotic cells.
4. They can be just one cell or can
make up more complex multi-
cellular organisms.
5. All plants, animals, fungi, and
protists are eukaryotic cells.

8. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
In general microbes or microorganisms may
be either prokaryotic (bacteria) or eukaryotic
(protists, fungi, and some animals).

9. Characteristics Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Types bacteria (monerans) protists, fungi, plants, and
animals
Organization unicellular usually multicellular
(exception some protists)
Cell size small (0.1-10um) larger (10-100um)
Membrane-bound
organelles
absent present
Reproduction asexual asexual and sexual
DNA circular linear
Proteins assoc. with
DNA
Basic Histone
Plasma membrane No sterols Sterols
Ribosomes 70S 80S
Cytoskeleton Absent Present
Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in several ways including but not limited to:

10. Organelles in Common
 Both cells contain the following
structures:
1. Cell wall
2. Cell Membrane
3. Ribosomes
4. Plasma Membrane
5. Cytoplasm
6. Flagella or cilia
7. Nucleus
8. Mitochondria
9. Vacuoles

11. Cell Wall – The Walls
*In a plant cell, the cell wall supports and protects the cell.
Cell walls are rigid and unbending.
They help a plant cell support itself.
An animal cell does not have a cell
Wall.

12. Cell Membrane
 Cell membrane
Structure
Components
Arrangement
 Functions include
 Barrier
Transport (know diffusion, osmosis,
facilitated diffusion and active
transport)
Recognition (e.g., self vs. non-self)
Reception (for protein hormones)
Adhesion

13. Ribosomes
 Structure
 rRNA
 Proteins
 Function
 Site of protein formation
(translation)
 Found in both prokaryotes
and eukaryotes (different
structurally)

14. Cytoplasm – The Jelly in the
center
The cytoplasm in the cell is jelly-like
liquid that fills all the empty space in
a cell.

15. The protoplasm or
cytoplasm
is the dense gelatinous
solution within the cell
membrane that is the
primary site for the cell’s
biochemical and synthetic
processes. The following
are found within the
protoplasm of the
prokaryotic cell:

16. Vacuole
The vacuoles are the cell’s storage
place where it keeps water, food and waste.

17. Genetic Material (DNA)
The genetic material (DNA) is stored in
the nucleus and holds information a
cell needs to reproduce itself.

18. Nucleus
Structure and
Function
 membrane similar
to cell membrane
(similar function)
 Nucleolus
(formation of
ribosomes)
 Chromosomes
(gene expression)
 Nucleoplasm
(matrix)

19. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Structure membranous
system of tunnels and sacs
– Rough – with ribosomes on
surface
– Smooth- no ribosomes on
surface
• Function
– Rough – protein synthesis
– Smooth- lipid synthesis

20. Golgi Apparatus
 Structure also membranous, kind of like a stack of
pancakes
 Function processing of lipids and proteins

21. Lysosomes
 Structure membrane bound sac containing
hydrolytic enzymes
 Function digestion

22. Mitochondria
 Structure – cigar-
shaped, double
membrane-bound
organelle
 Function – Energy
transfer by ATP
synthesis

23. Chloroplast
 Structure
 Also cigar or
spindle shaped,
double membrane-
bound, green
 Function
 Site of
photosynthesis

25. Anticipatory
 www.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-
shows/videos/assignment-discovery-
shorts-eukaryote-prokaryotes.htm
 Video: Eukaryote Prokaryotes 02:30
 Assignment Discovery on Discovery
Channel educates us on the 2 different
cells Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes, and
their differences.

26. THANK YOU