- Multiple KAP studies on avian influenza between 2006-2007 in at least 16 countries showed high awareness but low understanding of transmission. Knowledge gaps included modes of transmission and incorrect beliefs. - Communication campaigns increased awareness and some knowledge but a significant knowledge-practice gap remained. Behavior change was difficult due to low risk perception, social and economic barriers. - More participatory, context-specific research and programming integrating communication and technical interventions were needed to better address attitudes, social norms, and structural barriers influencing behaviors.