This document provides a partial index for a book on schooling in America. It lists 24 chapters that discuss topics such as the history of American schooling, philosophies of education, legal issues, and the future of schooling. The index previews the content covered in each chapter through short summaries and lists of subtopics to be discussed.

1. Copyright © 2002
SCHOOLING–PARTIAL INDEX William Kritsonis
PAGE 100 All Rights Reserved / Forever
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SCHOOLING
PARTIAL INDEX
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION TO AMERICAN SCHOOLING......................................1
Total Number of School Districts in America..........................4
Snapshot Forecast of Education Statistics.................................5
Characteristics of Effective Schools.......................................11
Estimations for Schooling in 2002/2003.................................14
Review Items...........................................................................15
2 HISTORY OF AMERICAN SCHOOLING.............................................17
Schooling in Colonial America...............................................21
Western European Educational Thought................................22
Beliefs of Quintilian................................................................28
Solomon Says..........................................................................30
Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun......................................31
The New England Primer........................................................36
The Hornbook.........................................................................38
McGuffey Readers..................................................................39
History of African American Education.................................40
Jane Addams...........................................................................42
The Greeks..............................................................................44
The Romans............................................................................46
The Monastics.........................................................................47
The Humanists........................................................................49
The Reformers.........................................................................50
The New Educators.................................................................53
The Americans........................................................................57
The Friends of Education........................................................58
The Progressives.....................................................................60
The Outsiders..........................................................................63
The Critics...............................................................................67
The Paradigm Shifters.............................................................70
Background Information About Testing.................................73
Review Items...........................................................................79

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3 PHILOSOPHIES OF SCHOOLING......................................................81
Philosophies of Education.......................................................81
Theories of Education.............................................................82
What is Your Philosophy?......................................................83
Answer Sheet.....................................................................87
Scoring...............................................................................88
What is Your Philosophy of Life?..........................................93
Benjamin Franklin’s Thirteen Virtues....................................94
Review Items...........................................................................96
Philosophies of Education–A Penetrating Analysis by
William Kritsonis and Donald DeMoulin.............................96
Activity 1.........................................................................100
Activity 2.........................................................................100
Activities 3, 4, & 5...........................................................130
Activities 6, 7, & 8...........................................................146
Activities 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, & 14.....................................157
Activity 15.......................................................................158
4 CONTROLLING SCHOOLING IN AMERICA......................................160
Role of Local Boards of Education.......................................164
Expenditures for a Typical School District...........................165
Components of McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y..........166
Universal Declaration of Human Rights...............................167
Ten Commandments of Business, Education, and
Political Leaders..................................................................174
Review Items.........................................................................175
5 LEGAL ISSUES IN AMERICAN SCHOOLING....................................177
Governance Structure of State Departments of Education. . .181
Tinker Case...........................................................................182
Court Cases Dealing with Desegregation of Public Schools...183
Can Tenured Teachers be Dismissed?..................................184
Due Process Rules for Dismissing a Teacher.......................184
Review Items.........................................................................185
6 EARLY CHILDHOOD SCHOOLING IN AMERICA..............................186
Leading Thinkers Who Influenced Programs for Young
Children: Plato, Aristotle, Martin Luther, Rousseau,
Pestalozzi, Oberlin, Owen, Froebel, Dewey,
Montessori, and Piaget........................................................189
Review Items.........................................................................193

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7 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLING IN AMERICA.......................................194
Purposes of Elementary Schools...........................................196
Advantages and Disadvantages of Graded and
Nongraded Schools.............................................................197
Gifted Education Services.....................................................199
Efficient Classroom Management Practices.........................200
Behavioral Indicators of Possible Abuse or Neglect.............201
The Problem Method.............................................................202
The Idealized Curriculum (Holistic).....................................203
Behavioral Indicators of Physical Abuse, Neglect, Sexual
Abuse, and Emotional Abuse..............................................204
Effective Ways for Teaching Students Who are Immigrants. .206
Some National Goals for Educating Native Americans
and Alaska Natives.............................................................207
Guidelines for Conferencing with Students..........................207
Review Items.........................................................................207
8 SECONDARY SCHOOLING IN AMERICA.........................................209
Structure of Secondary Education in America......................212
Problems Existing in Secondary Schools..............................213
Where Students Obtain Work Experience in the Community. 215
How Students Can Respond to Sexual Harassment..............215
Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education (1918).............217
Ten Imperative Needs of Youth (1944)................................217
Early Warning Signs of Potential Violent Youth..................218
Youth and Major Problem Substances..................................218
Indicators of Childhood or Adolescent Suicide....................219
The Adolescents’ Perception of Failure................................219
Bill Gates Rules for Life.......................................................224
Review Items.........................................................................227
9 SPECIAL SCHOOLING IN AMERICA...............................................230
Important Laws Relating to Special Education.....................234
Court Cases Considered Landmarks in Special Education...236
Categories Used to Classify Children with Special Needs. . .238
The IEP Team.......................................................................240
Components of an IEP..........................................................240
Shared Responsibility Between Regular and Special
Education Teachers.............................................................241
Review Items.........................................................................242

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10 EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION IN AMERICAN
SCHOOLING........................................................................246
Key Terms–Definitions.........................................................247
Specific Responsibilities of Local Boards of Education.......249
Local Governance Structure..................................................249
Superintendent and the Board of Education..........................250
Primary Roles of School Principals......................................251
Expectations Various Groups Have for Principals................252
Group Roles that Should be Supported by the
School Administrator..........................................................252
Group Roles that Should Not be Supported by the
School Administrator..........................................................253
Effective Traits and Skills of the Effective School
Administrator......................................................................254
According to the Literature, Characteristics for
School Leadership...............................................................255
According to the Literature, Leadership Characteristics
Specific to Women..............................................................255
According to Experts, Important Leadership Characteristics,
Skills, Attitudes, Behaviors, and Experiences....................256
Female and Male Patterns of Leadership..............................258
Gender as a Variable in Team Building................................258
Gender as a Variable in Evaluation/Feedback......................258
Frederick Taylor’s Organizational Theory............................260
Characteristics of Social Systems.........................................260
“The Worst Things To Do” Rules for Supervisory
Conferences.........................................................................261
Irritating Habits of Supervisors.............................................261
Elements of Having a Good Committee, Facts About
Delegations, Why Committees Fail, Being a Good
Committee Member, What Makes a Good Chairperson,
Logistics of a Meeting........................................................262
What is Leadership?..............................................................264
Essential Ten Attributes for Success as a School
Administrator......................................................................264
Descriptors of Autocratic and Democratic Leadership Styles. 265
Frederick Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory..............265
Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y.....................267
Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy...................................................268
Relationship Between Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy and
Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory.............................269
Porter’s Hierarchy of Work Motivation................................270
David McClelland’s Needs Theory.......................................271
William Ouchi’s Theory Z....................................................272
Job Enrichment Model..........................................................272

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Getzels-Guba Model: Components of the Model of the
Organization as a Social System.........................................274
Kritsonisms...........................................................................275
Kritsonis Balanced Teeter Totter Model...............................276
Review Items.........................................................................276
11 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES AND SCHOOLING...................................279
Nature of Teaching in Colonial America..............................281
Number of Teachers Currently Employed in Public Schools..281
Characteristics of Good Teachers.........................................281
Reasons for Entering the Teaching Profession.....................282
Characteristics of Teachers...................................................283
Effective Classroom Practices...............................................283
Effective Teaching Steps.......................................................284
Important Aspects of the Effective School Movement
for Improving Schools........................................................284
Review Items.........................................................................285
12 TEACHER PREPARATION IN AMERICA AND SCHOOLING.................288
Status of Teacher Education..................................................290
Criticism of Teacher Education............................................291
Alternative Certification........................................................292
Kritsonis Advanced Knowledge Level of Thinking Model. .293
National Code of Ethics........................................................294
Contemporary Professional Terminologies...........................296
Guidelines for Conducting Educational Research
Relative to Field Studies and/or Projects............................306
School Discipline: The Art of Survival.................................311
Review Items.........................................................................315
13 EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND SCHOOLING
IN AMERICA .............................................................................316
Instructional Television: Advantages and Disadvantages.....319
Using Closed-Circuit Television...........................................319
Using Multimedia Kits in School: Advantages and
Disadvantages.....................................................................320
Computer-Assisted Instruction..............................................321
Distance Learning: Advantages and Disadvantages.............321
Virtual Reality: Advantages and Disadvantages...................321
Computer Multimedia and Hypermedia: Advantages and
Disadvantages.....................................................................322
Evaluating Software..............................................................323
New Directions for Educational Technology........................323
Creative Uses of Technology in Classrooms........................324
Review Items.........................................................................325

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14 THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN SCHOOLING.....................................326
Futurism................................................................................328
Projections for the Depletion of Some Natural Resources....328
Geopolitics............................................................................328
Education and Meeting the Needs of the Future...................328
Evaluating Educational Reforms...........................................329
Curriculum of the Future.......................................................329
Role of Technology in the Future.........................................329
Predictions.............................................................................329
General Concerns of Futurists...............................................330
Turbulent Controversies in Regard to Intelligent Machines....330
What is Meant in Reference to the “Biomass of the Earth?”...331
Addiction to Traveling with Great Speed and Its Result
in Causing Stress.................................................................332
Review Items.........................................................................332
15 IMPORTANT LEGALITIES AFFECTING SCHOOLING
IN AMERICA........................................................................334
Thirteen Federal Judicial Circuits.........................................334
Federal Legislation Affecting Education..............................335
Important Court Cases Affecting Education.........................338
Important U.S. Supreme Court Desegregation Cases
Related to Public Schools...................................................342
Summary of Important Major Civil Rights Statues
Affecting Education............................................................343
Important U.S. Supreme Court Cases Affecting
Teachers’ Rights.................................................................345
Important U.S. Supreme Court Cases Affecting
Students’ Rights..................................................................347
Important Parts of the United Sates Constitution..................349
Review Items.........................................................................350
16 VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT........................351
Vocabulary Development and Improvement........................351
List 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6.............................................................351
List 7, 8, 9, & 10...................................................................352
List 11, 12, 13, 14, & 15.......................................................353
List 16, 17, 18, 19, & 20.......................................................354
List 21, 22, 23, & 24.............................................................355