Dr. William Allan Kritsonis earned his BA in 1969 from Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. In 1971, he earned his M.Ed. from Seattle Pacific University. In 1976, he earned his PhD from the University of Iowa. In 1981, he was a Visiting Scholar at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 1987 was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.

1. APA Formatting Practice
References, Citations, & Direct Quotations (Key)
Don Cole Reitzes and Ellen Jose Mutran-2004. doi: 1080/123456789876543210 The
Transition to Retirement: Stages and Factors That Influence Retirement Adjustment. The
International Journal of Aging and Human Development. Volume 59, Number 3, Pages
63, 64, 65, and 66.
Reitzes, D.C., & Mutran, E.J. (2004). The transition to retirement: Stages and factors that
influence retirement adjustment. The International Journal of Aging and Human
Development, 59(3), 63-66. doi: 1080/123456789876543210
Citation: (Reitzes & Mutran, 2004)
Mary Jo Frances, Tom Evans Reid, Jason Michael Hughes-January, 2005. Problem-
Solving Interactions Between Parents and Children. Discover. 26. Pages 16 & 17.
Frances, M.J., Reid, T.E., & Hughes, J.M. (2005, January). Problem-solving interactions
between parents and children. Discover, 26, 16-17.
Citation: (Frances, Reid, & Hughes, 2005)
Gregory Keith Nelson, Teresa Ann Smith, Barry Samuel Jones, Susan Leigh Turpin, Gail
Miller Brown, Melody Grace Langford, James Robert Fagan, and Kritsonis, William
Allan-2003. Standards of Age Appropriate Practices. Columbus, Ohio. Charles E. Merrill
Pub. Co.
Nelson, G. K., Smith, T. A., Jones, B. S., Turpin, S. L., Brown, G. M., Langford, M. G.,
. . . Kritsonis, W. A. (2003). Standards of age appropriate practice. Columbus,
OH: Charles E. Merrill.
Citation: (Nelson et al., 2003)

2. (No Author). American Psychological Association-2010. Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association. Sixth Edition. Washington, DC. American
Psychological Association.
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Citation: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2010)
(Pamphlet). (No Date). National Institute of Health. Smoking Leads to Cancer. Baton
Rouge, Louisiana.
National Institute of Health (n.d.). Smoking leads to cancer [Pamphlet]. Baton Rouge,
LA: Author.
Citation: (National Institute of Health, n.d.)
(Secondary Source-a study by Blackbourn in Barker’s book). Joan Ellen Barker-2001.
Guidelines for Training Educators (pp. 21-25). Los Angeles, California. The University
of California Press.
Barker, J. E. (2001). Guidelines for training educators (pp. 21-25). Los Angeles, CA:
The University of California Press.
Citation: In a study by Blackbourn (as cited in Barker, 2001),
William Allan Kritsonis-2003. Philosophy in Education. National FORUM Journal of
Multicultural Education. Volume 15, Number 1, page 3. Retrieved from
www.nationalforum.com on March 16, 2007.
Kritsonis, W. A. (2003). Philosophy in education. National FORUM Journal of
Multicultural Education, 15(1), 3. Retrieved from http://www.nationalforum.com
Citation: (Kritsonis, 2003)

3. REFERENCES
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Barker, J. E. (2001). Guidelines for training educators (pp. 21-25). Los Angeles, CA:
The University of California Press.
Frances, M. J., Reid, T. E., & Hughes, J. M. (2005, January). Problem-solving
interactions between parents and children. Discover, 26, 16-17.
Kritsonis, W. A. (2003). Philosophy in education. National FORUM Journal of
Multicultural Education, 15(1), 3. Retrieved from http://www.nationalforum.com
National Institute of Health (n.d.). Smoking leads to cancer [Pamphlet]. Baton Rouge,
LA: Author.
Nelson, G. K., Smith, T. A., Jones, B. S., Turpin, S. L., Brown, G. M., Langford, M. G.,
. . . Kritsonis, W. A. (2003). Standards of age appropriate practices. Columbus,
OH: Charles E. Merrill.
Reitzes, D. C., & Mutran, E. J. (2004). The transition to retirement: Stages and factors
that influence retirement adjustment. The International Journal of Aging and
Human Development, 59(3), 63-66. doi: 1080/123456789876543210

4. APA Formatting
Direct Quotations
Fewer than 40 Words
***A direct quote from William Allan Kritsonis ***
Kritsonis, W. A. (2003). Philosophy in education. National FORUM of Multicultural
Education, 15(1), 3. Retrieved from http://www.nationalforum.com
Philosophy is a theoretical or logical analysis of the principles underlying conduct,
thought, knowledge, and the nature of the universe.
“Philosophy is a theoretical or logical analysis of the principles underlying conduct,
thought, knowledge, and the nature of the universe” (Kritsonis, 2003, p. 3).
40 or More Words
***A direct quote from William Allan Kritsonis***
Kritsonis, W. A. (2003). Philosophy in education. National FORUM of Multicultural
Education, 15(1), 3. Retrieved from http://www.nationalforum.com
People express opinions and maintain certain beliefs concerning what is right and
what is good. These opinions have remained in a state of debate and occasionally in
a state of confusion concerning interpretation .Individual philosophers have left
their marks of past thoughts and practices. They are infused in present-day
educational settings.
According to Kritsonis (2003),
People express opinions and maintain certain beliefs concerning what is right and
what is good. These opinions have remained in a state of debate and occasionally
in a state of confusion concerning interpretation .Individual philosophers have left
their marks of past thoughts and practices. They are infused in present-day
educational settings. (p. 3)