The document discusses the digestive system and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It describes the main components of the digestive system including the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs. It then provides details on the functions and constituents of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It discusses the layers of the gastrointestinal wall and includes diagrams of the stomach and small intestine.

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The Digestive SystemThe Digestive System
ANDAND
TheThe IIrritablerritable BBowelowel SSyndromeyndrome
((IBSIBS))

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Constituents of the Digestive SystemConstituents of the Digestive System
 The Gastro-Intestinal Tract
(alimentary tract – 10 m long)
 The accessory organs of digestion

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Functions
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Mouth
Esophagus
Ingestion, biting, chewing
Rapid transport of food
to the stomach
Food mix, initial digestion,
storage reservoir
Enzymatic digestion
and nutrients absorption
Water absorption,
storage of waste material
GI tract
Constituents of the GITConstituents of the GIT

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The Mouth CavityThe Mouth Cavity
ConstituentsConstituents
1. The teeth
2. The hard palate
3. The soft palate
4. The tongue

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The PharynxThe Pharynx
SubdivisionsSubdivisions
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

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The EsophagusThe Esophagus

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The StomachThe Stomach

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The StomachThe Stomach

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The Stomach and Adjacent Structures
Esophagus
Duodenum
Lower esophageal sphincter
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum
Stomach
Pyloric sphincter

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The Small IntestineThe Small Intestine
Anatomical DivisionsAnatomical Divisions
1. Duodenum (25 cm)
2. Jejunum (2.5 m)
3. Ileum (3.5 m)

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Gastro-intestinal WallGastro-intestinal Wall
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
propria
Serosa
Villifolds

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The Small Intestine
Mucosa
Submucosa
Submucosal plexus
Connective tissue
Circular muscle
Myenteric plexus
Longitudinal muscle
Villi
Muscularis mucosae
Lymphoid module
Lacteal
Muscularis
externa
Serosa
Crypts of Lieberkühn