This document provides an overview of the 8 major parts of speech in English grammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition, and interjection. For each part of speech, definitions and examples are given. Additionally, different types or kinds of each part of speech are defined, such as common vs proper nouns, transitive vs intransitive verbs, adverbs of manner vs time, etc.
Use this noun slideshow to help you in the nouns section. Find a nouns test on my SlideShare Account. Find other Slideshows, Tests, Quizzes, and others on my account.
Use this noun slideshow to help you in the nouns section. Find a nouns test on my SlideShare Account. Find other Slideshows, Tests, Quizzes, and others on my account.
Easy to understand and learn English grammar. this presentation is a brief understanding of sentence for all age group, students, learners, executives, speakers, presenters, teachers.
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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2. Overview
In the English language, words can be considered as the smallest
elements that have distinctive meanings. Based on their use and
functions, words are categorized into several types or parts of
speech. This presentation will offer definitions and examples for the
8 major parts of speech in English grammar:
noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition
, and interjection.
3. Noun
This part of a speech refers to words that are used to name persons,
things, animals, places, ideas, or events. Nouns are the simplest
among the 8 parts of speech, which is why they are the first ones
taught to students in primary school.Examples:
• Tom Hanks is very versatile.
• Dogs can be extremely cute.
• It is my birthday.
4. Kinds of nouns
• Proper– proper nouns always start with a capital letter and refers to specific names of persons, places, or things.
Examples: Volkswagen Beetle, Shakey’s Pizza, Game of Thrones
• Common– common nouns are the opposite of proper nouns. These are just generic names of persons, things, or places.
Examples: car, pizza parlor, TV series
• Concrete– this kind refers to nouns which you can perceive through your five senses.
Examples: folder, sand, board
• Abstract- unlike concrete nouns, abstract nouns are those which you can’t perceive through your five senses.
Examples: happiness, grudge, bravery
• Count– it refers to anything that is countable, and has a singular and plural form.
Examples: kitten, video, ball
• Mass– this is the opposite of count nouns. Mass nouns are also called non-countable nouns, and they need to have “counters” to
quantify them.
Examples of Counters: kilo, cup, meter
Examples of Mass Nouns: rice, flour, garter
• Collective– refers to a group of persons, animals, or things.
Example: faculty (group of teachers), class (group of students), pride (group of lions)
5. Pronoun
A pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for
a noun. Some examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his,
hers, we, they, theirs, and ours.
• Janice is a very stubborn child. She just stared at me and when I
told her to stop.
• The largest slice is mine.
• We are number one.
7. Adjective
This part of a speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun.
Adjectives can specify the quality, the size, and the number of
nouns or pronouns.
• The carvings are intricate.
• I have two hamsters.
• Wow! That doughnut is huge!
8. Kinds of adjective
• Descriptive (e.g. blue, big, beautiful)
• Possessive (e.g. my, your, his)
• Distributive (e.g. any, some, each)
• Numbers (e.g. one, five)
• Attributive (i.e. adjectives that precede the linking verb, e.g. the good
boy).
• Predicative (i.e. adjectives that follow the linking verb, e.g. he is nice).
• Postpositive (i.e. adjectives that follow a noun e.g. attorney general,
accounts payable).
9. Verb
This is the most important part of a speech, for without a verb, a
sentence would not exist. Simply put, this is a word that shows an
action (physical or mental) or state of being of the subject in a
sentence.
• As usual, the Stormtroopers missed their shot.
• They are always prepared in emergencies.
10. Kinds of verb
Action Verbs
1. Transitive verbs are those action verbs that can have a noun
attached directly to them, as in write book, hit ball, or answer
questions.
2. Intransitive verbs are those action verbs that cannot attach
directly to a noun; they need the help of a preposition, as in walk to
the store, comply with the regulations, proceed with the inquiry.
11. Kinds of verb
No-Action Verbs
3. The verb to be can serve either as a main verb or as an auxiliary
verb.
4. Linking verbs are non-be verbs that link a grammatical subject
to an adjective (Watermelon tastes good), to a noun (She seems an
honest woman), or to a phrase (He looks out of sorts).
12. Adverb
Just like adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but
the difference is that adverbs describe adjectives, verbs, or another
adverb.
13. Kinds of adverb
• Adverb of Manner– this refers to how something happens or how an action is
done.
Example: Annie danced gracefully.
• Adverb of Time- this states “when” something happens or “when” it is done.
Example: She came yesterday.
• Adverb of Place– this tells something about “where” something happens or
”where” something is done.
Example: Of course, I looked everywhere!
• Adverb of Degree– this states the intensity or the degree to which a specific
thing happens or is done.
Example: The child is very talented.
14. Preposition
A word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and
expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “the
man on the platform,” “she arrived after dinner,” “what did you do
it for ?”.
15. Conjunction
The conjunction is a part of speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses
together.
Examples of Conjunctions: and, yet, but, for, nor, or, and so
Sample Sentences:
• This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing.
• Kiyoko has to start all over again because she didn’t follow the
professor’s instructions.
• Homer always wanted to join the play, but he didn’t have the guts to
audition.
16. Interjection
This part of speech refers to words which express emotions. Since
interjections are commonly used to convey strong emotions, they are
usually followed by an exclamation point.
Sample Sentences:
• Ouch! That must have hurt.
• Hurray, we won!
• Hey! I said enough!