Part 1: Refer to pages 92-100 in your text as you answer these questions. Background: Bacteria have several characteristics that can be used in their identification. Answer the questions below related to some of the general characteristics of bacteria. Many bacteria possess appendages of varying types. Some of those appendages serve to provide motility. 1. Examples of bacterial appendages which serve to provide motility include? Choose one of the following answers. (1 point) - flagella and axial filaments - flagella and pili - pili and fimbriae - All of the answers are correct. 2. Of those bacteria which possess flagella, there are 4 possible flagellar arrangements. Match each type with the correct description below. (4 points) a. Monotrichous _____ having flagella which are dispersed all over the cell b. Lophotrichous _____ possessing flagella at both ends or poles c. Amphitrichous _____ possessing a single flagellum d. Peritrichous _____ possessing a small bunch or tuft at the same location 3. A type of cell appendage other than flagella which allows bacteria to stick to each other as well as to surfaces is __________. Choose one of the following answers. (1 point) - the cell membrane - fimbriae - the cell wall - periplasmic flagella The structure in question #3 above plays a role in the formation of biofilms. 4. True or false. Biofilms are cooperative associations among several microbial groups and may consist of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae, as well as other living things. (1 point) 5. Using your text, put the following steps of biofilm formation in order. (4 points) _____ Step 1 a. More cells are attracted and attach, allowing the biofilm to attach to its habitat _____ Step 2 b. Cells within the biofilm can break away and disperse allowing biofilms to form in other locations _____ Step 3 c. In the development of a biofilm, a suitable substrate has a thin layer of organic material deposited _____ Step 4 d. Primary colonists (usually bacteria) attach and multiply, laying down a sticky matrix One example of a species known for forming biofilms is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is known for forming biofilms on medical equipment such as ventilators and catheters and can even form them within the human body on heart valves and even teeth. Looking ahead in your text to page 643 and beyond, answer the following questions regarding Pseudomonas. 6. In nature, Pseudomonas is commonly found in these two environments. Choose one of the following answers. (1 point) - Air and water - Air and soil - Soil and water - Salt and freshwater 7. Pseudomonas is an _________, which means it requires oxygen. Choose one of the following answers. (1 point) - Aerobe - Capnophile - Anaerobe - None of the above. 8. How would you describe the gram reaction and morphology of Pseudomonas? Choose one of the following answers. (2 points) - Gram + cocci - Gram cocci - Gram - bacilli - Gram + bacilli.