Paper.7.Structuralism Criticism
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This document discusses structuralism and concepts related to analyzing narratives like stories and literature. It defines structuralism as analyzing language and other human sciences as a system of relationships. It explains key concepts for analyzing narratives, including order, frequency, duration, voice, and mood. For duration, it distinguishes between discourse time (length of the narrative) and narrative time (length of events). For voice, it discusses perspectives like intra-diegetic (within the text) and extra-diegetic (outside the text). It also defines the mood or tone of a narrative based on the distance and perspective of the narrator.
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Gerard genette's structuralism & literary criticism
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Gerard genett structuralism and literary Criticism
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The document discusses structuralism as a method used across various fields like linguistics, anthropology, and literary studies to systematically analyze the underlying structures that govern human experience and behavior. It provides an overview of structuralist thinkers like Saussure, Lévi-Strauss, and Barthes and how they applied structuralist principles to language, myth, and signs. The document also examines how structuralism influenced areas like narratology, genres, and literary interpretation through analyzing fundamental narrative units and rules of reading texts.
structuralism
Structuralism analyzes systems by examining the relations between their smallest elements. In linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure pioneered the study of langue (language as a system) rather than parole (individual speech). He viewed langue as a system of arbitrary signs made up of a signifier and signified. Langue exists socially and unconsciously for speakers. It is defined relationally rather than by the content of its elements. Claude Levi-Strauss later applied structuralist principles to anthropology and myth studies. Structuralism examines deep unconscious structures rather than surface phenomena.
difference structuralism & post-structuralism
Structuralism and post-structuralism differ in their theoretical origins, tones, and projects. Structuralism derives from linguistics and aims to find reliable truths through logical deduction and systematic analysis. It uses a neutral, typical tone. Post-structuralism derives from philosophy and is skeptical in nature, questioning assumptions through word play, puns, and allusion. It sees language as threatening and reality as textual. Post-structuralism aims to deconstruct texts through highlighting contradictions, shifts, and absences rather than finding coherence.
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This document discusses structuralism and semiology. It explains that structuralism examines language as a system of signs and was influenced by linguist Ferdinand de Saussure's examination of semiology. Semiology is defined as the study of signs and how they derive meaning from having both a signifier and signified. Different types of signs - symbolic, iconic, and indexical - are also described based on the relationship between the signifier and signified. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the structuralism approach are outlined.
Structuralism
Well known linguists such as De Saussere, F. and Bloomfield, L. main representative theoretician of a school of language called Structuralism. De Saussere, F. belongs to the group of European linguistics who developed studies on the language field at the end of the 19th century and beginning of 20th century while Bloomfield, L. belongs to the group of the North American ones.
Structuralism and Saussure
Structuralism analyzes underlying structures and relationships between units and rules that generate meaningful systems. Ferdinand de Saussure contributed key ideas to structuralism in linguistics, including that language uses a naming process where words associate with concepts. A linguistic sign combines a signifier (sound) and signified (concept). Signs take value from their relationships within the whole language system rather than individual word-concept pairs. Relations between linguistic units can be syntagmatic (linear combinations) or associative (mental groupings). Saussure's structuralism sees language as a systematic whole greater than parts defined through relational contrasts.
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- 1. Name: Vaghela Sejal Pareshbhai. No. 29 Paper No.7 Paper Name: Literary Criticism Submitted to: Department of English Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.
- 2. What is Structuralism ? Structuralism is the name given to Saussure’s approach to language as a system of Relationship, But it is applied also to the Study of philosophy, Literature and other Sciences of humanity.
- 3. “It can be therefore be metaliterature, that is to say, 'a literature of which literature is the imposed object’.”
- 4. Order Frequency Duration Voice Mood
- 5. Say a story is as follows: › A murder Occurs › Then the circumstances of the murder are revealed to a detective › Finally the murderer is caught.
- 6. The separation between an event and its narration allows several possibilities. An event can occur n times and be narrated once. An event can Occur once and be narrated once. An event can Occur once and be narrated n times. An event can Occur n times and be , narrated n times.
- 7. The separation between an event and its narration These are the two main elements of duration: Discourse time “Five years passed” is the lengthy Discourse time. Narrative time Five years is a short narrative time.
- 8. Voice is concerned with who narrates and from where. › Where the narration is form Intra-diegetic: inside the text Extra diegetic: Outside the text
- 9. Is the narrator a character in the story? Hetero-diegetic: The narrator is not a character in the story. Homo-diegetic: The narrator is a character in the story
- 10. Narrative mood is depend on the ‘DISTANCE’ and ‘PERSPECTIVE’ of the narrator. Like Music, narrative mood has predominant patterns. It is related to voice. › Distance of the narrator changes with narrated speech, transposed and reported speech. › Perspective of the narrator is called focalization. Narratives can be non-focalized.