This document summarizes John Hutchinson's system of classification of flowering plants from the 1950s-1970s. Some key points:
- Hutchinson developed a phylogenetic system of classification based on evolutionary principles like trees being more primitive than herbs.
- His system was published in two volumes from 1926-1934 and revised until his death in 1972.
- He divided angiosperms into dicots and monocots, further dividing dicots into woody and herbaceous groups.
- Hutchinson proposed over 100 orders and families in his system based on characteristics like plant structure, reproduction methods, and flower morphology.
Pentoxylales were small trees or shrubs that existed in the Jurassic period in India. They had long and short shoots resembling Ginkgo, with spirally arranged leaves and scales. The stems (Pentoxylon) had five triangular segments around a central tissue. Leaves (Nipaniophyllum) were strap-shaped with a midrib. Male cones (Sahnia) bore pollen sacs on short shoots. Female cones (Carnoconites) had ovules aggregated into strobili on short shoots. Stomata were syndetochelic. Wood was pycnoxylic, resembling conifers. Pentoxylales displayed features intermediate between ferns
The document discusses the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It describes their key characteristics such as perennial herbs that can be terrestrial, epiphytic or saprophytic. Their flowers are zygomorphic, hermaphroditic and epigynous. They have modified structures like the labellum, column and rostellum. Pollen is united into pollinia. They are one of the largest flowering plant families with over 1000 genera and 20,000 species found worldwide, especially in tropical areas. Orchids show primitive characteristics like pseudobulbs and advanced characteristics like diverse flower shapes and sizes and pollinia formation.
Rolf Dahlgren was a Danish botanist who published an influential plant classification system in 1975. He used a two-dimensional graphic system called a Dahlgrenogram to display phylogenetic relationships among plant groups. Dahlgren's system was based primarily on morphological and chemical characteristics and divided angiosperms into 31 superorders within two subclasses. While comprehensive, it considered only flowering plants and did not classify below the family level. Subsequent molecular studies have revised placements of some families from Dahlgren's system.
This document provides an overview of the natural system of plant classification developed by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker in their book Genera Plantarum. It describes the key features of their system, including dividing plants into two major groups - cryptogams (non-flowering plants) and phanerogams (flowering plants). Flowering plants are further divided into dicotyledons, monocotyledons, and gymnosperms. The system places plant families into a hierarchical structure of orders, cohorts, and series based on morphological characteristics. While pioneering for its time, the system is not fully phylogenetic and has limitations such as not clearly addressing the origin of angiosperms.
The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) governs the formal scientific names used for plants. Some key points:
- Carl Linnaeus is considered the father of modern taxonomy and introduced the system of scientific naming for species in 1753.
- Names are determined by nomenclature types and are based on priority of publication. Each taxonomic group can have only one correct scientific name.
- Names are revised in subsequent International Botanical Congresses starting in 1892 to establish standards for effective/valid publication, author citation, typification, and rejection of illegitimate names.
- Related codes also exist for zoological nomenclature, cultivated plants, bacteria,
evidences of anatomy, cytology and chemistry to plant taxonomynasira jaffry
taxonomy is based on other disciplines of sciences. in this presentation, there is discussion how anatomy, cytology and chemistry influnces the taxonomy
This document summarizes John Hutchinson's system of classification of flowering plants from the 1950s-1970s. Some key points:
- Hutchinson developed a phylogenetic system of classification based on evolutionary principles like trees being more primitive than herbs.
- His system was published in two volumes from 1926-1934 and revised until his death in 1972.
- He divided angiosperms into dicots and monocots, further dividing dicots into woody and herbaceous groups.
- Hutchinson proposed over 100 orders and families in his system based on characteristics like plant structure, reproduction methods, and flower morphology.
Pentoxylales were small trees or shrubs that existed in the Jurassic period in India. They had long and short shoots resembling Ginkgo, with spirally arranged leaves and scales. The stems (Pentoxylon) had five triangular segments around a central tissue. Leaves (Nipaniophyllum) were strap-shaped with a midrib. Male cones (Sahnia) bore pollen sacs on short shoots. Female cones (Carnoconites) had ovules aggregated into strobili on short shoots. Stomata were syndetochelic. Wood was pycnoxylic, resembling conifers. Pentoxylales displayed features intermediate between ferns
The document discusses the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It describes their key characteristics such as perennial herbs that can be terrestrial, epiphytic or saprophytic. Their flowers are zygomorphic, hermaphroditic and epigynous. They have modified structures like the labellum, column and rostellum. Pollen is united into pollinia. They are one of the largest flowering plant families with over 1000 genera and 20,000 species found worldwide, especially in tropical areas. Orchids show primitive characteristics like pseudobulbs and advanced characteristics like diverse flower shapes and sizes and pollinia formation.
Rolf Dahlgren was a Danish botanist who published an influential plant classification system in 1975. He used a two-dimensional graphic system called a Dahlgrenogram to display phylogenetic relationships among plant groups. Dahlgren's system was based primarily on morphological and chemical characteristics and divided angiosperms into 31 superorders within two subclasses. While comprehensive, it considered only flowering plants and did not classify below the family level. Subsequent molecular studies have revised placements of some families from Dahlgren's system.
This document provides an overview of the natural system of plant classification developed by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker in their book Genera Plantarum. It describes the key features of their system, including dividing plants into two major groups - cryptogams (non-flowering plants) and phanerogams (flowering plants). Flowering plants are further divided into dicotyledons, monocotyledons, and gymnosperms. The system places plant families into a hierarchical structure of orders, cohorts, and series based on morphological characteristics. While pioneering for its time, the system is not fully phylogenetic and has limitations such as not clearly addressing the origin of angiosperms.
The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) governs the formal scientific names used for plants. Some key points:
- Carl Linnaeus is considered the father of modern taxonomy and introduced the system of scientific naming for species in 1753.
- Names are determined by nomenclature types and are based on priority of publication. Each taxonomic group can have only one correct scientific name.
- Names are revised in subsequent International Botanical Congresses starting in 1892 to establish standards for effective/valid publication, author citation, typification, and rejection of illegitimate names.
- Related codes also exist for zoological nomenclature, cultivated plants, bacteria,
evidences of anatomy, cytology and chemistry to plant taxonomynasira jaffry
taxonomy is based on other disciplines of sciences. in this presentation, there is discussion how anatomy, cytology and chemistry influnces the taxonomy
Embyrology in relation to Taxonomy. It is one of the concepts in Modern Taxonomy.in which embryological data is used to strengthen existing classification system.
This seminar presentation discusses polyembryony, which is the occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed. It was first reported in orange seeds in 1719. Polyembryony is common in conifers and some dicots and monocots. There are two types of polyembryony - true and false. True polyembryony results from embryos developing within or projecting into a single embryo sac, through cleavage or adventitiously. False polyembryony results from multiple embryo sacs arising from the same or different megaspore mother cells or nucellar cells. Causes of polyembryony include necrohormone and hybridization theories. Polyembryony has importance for plant
The document discusses how palynology, the study of pollen grains and spores, can provide taxonomic evidence for classifying plants. It outlines several palynological features that can be used in plant systematics, including pollen nucleus number, storage product, unit, polarity, aperture, size, shape, sculpturing, and wall structure. These features vary across plant taxa and families, providing a basis for identification and analysis of phylogenetic relationships.
This document discusses heterospory and the seed habit in plants. It begins by introducing heterospory as the production of two different types of spores, microspores and megaspores, which is considered a prerequisite for seed formation in plants. It then describes how certain plant species like Selaginella show heterospory, with microsporangia producing many microspores and megasporangia containing just a few megaspores. The highest evolved species of Selaginella, S. apoda, has progressed towards characteristics of seed plants like retaining its single megaspore within the sporangium for fertilization. In summary, the key steps in the evolution of the seed habit involved the development
This document summarizes the order Pentoxylales, which were fossil plants that existed in the Jurassic period. Some key points:
1. Pentoxylales were first discovered and named in 1948 by Indian paleobotanist Birbal Sahni from fossils found in India.
2. They were possibly small shrubs or trees with long and short shoots, spirally arranged leaves, and reproductive organs on short shoots.
3. Stem genera included Pentoxylon and Nipanioxylon, leaves were named Nipaniophyllum, and seed-bearing organs were called Carnoconites.
4. Distinguishing features included polystelic wood, sess
George Bentham and Joseph Hooker jointly presented a comprehensive system of plant classification in their work Genera Plantarum, published in 3 volumes. Their system classified seed plants into 97,205 species under 202 orders or families, divided into 3 classes - dicots, gymnosperms, and monocots. Dicots were further divided into 3 divisions and 14 series based on natural and visual characteristics to provide a key for plant identification. This system was widely adopted because the descriptions of each taxon were based on detailed examination of actual herbarium specimens.
Heterospory and seed habit in pteridophytes.
Heterospory originated from some spores degenerating in sporangia, allowing the surviving spores to grow larger. This led to megaspores producing female gametophytes and microspores producing male gametophytes. In heterosporous plants like Selaginella, the retention and germination of megaspores inside megasporangia brought them closer to seed habit, though true seeds did not form until gymnosperms evolved integuments around ovules. Heterospory played a significant role in the evolution of seed habit and seeds in higher plants by establishing dependencies that facilitated embryogenesis.
The document summarizes the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). It provides a brief history of botanical naming conventions beginning with Linnaeus' binomial system in 1753. It describes the subsequent meetings that have been held to refine the ICBN rules. The principles of the ICBN are to establish a stable and universal naming system through use of types, priority of publication, and Latin names. Key rules covered include ranks of taxa, typification, requirements for valid publication, author citation, and criteria for selecting correct names when taxa change ranks or are combined or divided. The overall aim of the ICBN is to provide consistency in botanical nomenclature.
The document discusses pollen viability, storage, and germination. It defines viability as the ability of an organism to survive harsh conditions. Pollen viability depends on the plant's taxonomy and environment. Methods for short-term pollen storage include controlling temperature and humidity. Long-term storage uses cryopreservation techniques like freezing pollen. Factors like desiccation and biochemical changes cause pollen to lose viability over time. The document also describes classifying pollen based on longevity and methods for estimating viability, including tetrazolium and fluorescence tests.
Armen Takhtajan was a Russian botanist who developed an influential system of classification for flowering plants (angiosperms) based on evolutionary relationships. He divided angiosperms into two classes - dicots and monocots - which he further divided into subclasses, superorders, and orders. Takhtajan considered multiple lines of evidence and developed criteria for determining evolutionary relationships between taxa. His system is praised for its small, homogeneous taxonomic units but criticized for overly narrowly defining some groups.
This document describes two plants from the Ranunculaceae family: Ranunculus scleratus and Delphinium ajacis. It provides details on their floral structure including parts, symmetry, aestivation and formula. For Ranunculus, it describes sepals, petals, stamens, and a superior ovary with basal placentation. For Delphinium, it notes zygomorphic symmetry and a gamopetalous corolla with posterior petals fused into a spur. Several medicinal uses of plants from the family are also listed.
The document discusses endosperm, which is a nutritive tissue stored in seeds to provide nutrients for the embryo. There are three main types of endosperm based on development - nuclear, cellular, and helobial. Nuclear endosperm is the most common type and involves repeated nuclear division without cell wall formation initially. Cellular endosperm involves cell wall formation after each nuclear division. Helobial endosperm involves initial division into two cells like cellular endosperm, but further divisions are like nuclear endosperm. Endosperm can also have haustorial variations and can be ruminate, with an irregularly folded surface. Endosperm plays an important role in seed nutrition and development.
This document discusses the structure and development of the anther wall in flowering plants. It notes that the anther wall consists of four layers - epidermis, endothecium, middle layers, and tapetum. The tapetum is the innermost layer and completely surrounds the sporogenous tissue. It transports nutrients to developing spores and is involved in exine formation, either through amoeboid intrusion into the anther locule or secretion of substances. The document provides details on the structure and function of each anther wall layer.
This document provides an overview of the flower Anthurium. It discusses the plant's characteristics, classification, structure, cultivation requirements including climate, soil, propagation methods, and common pests and diseases. Anthurium is native to South America and is commonly grown as a cut flower, potted plant, or for floral arrangements. It requires warm temperatures between 20-28°C and high humidity levels to thrive.
This document provides information on orchid cultivation in Indonesia. It discusses Indonesia's biodiversity of over 4000 native orchid species. The main orchid genera found in Indonesia are described, along with their characteristic growth habits as epiphytes, lithophytes, or terrestrial plants. Methods of orchid propagation including both generative (seed) and vegetative (tissue culture, division) techniques are explained. Requirements for successful orchid cultivation such as planting medium, watering, fertilization, and pest and disease control are also outlined.
Embyrology in relation to Taxonomy. It is one of the concepts in Modern Taxonomy.in which embryological data is used to strengthen existing classification system.
This seminar presentation discusses polyembryony, which is the occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed. It was first reported in orange seeds in 1719. Polyembryony is common in conifers and some dicots and monocots. There are two types of polyembryony - true and false. True polyembryony results from embryos developing within or projecting into a single embryo sac, through cleavage or adventitiously. False polyembryony results from multiple embryo sacs arising from the same or different megaspore mother cells or nucellar cells. Causes of polyembryony include necrohormone and hybridization theories. Polyembryony has importance for plant
The document discusses how palynology, the study of pollen grains and spores, can provide taxonomic evidence for classifying plants. It outlines several palynological features that can be used in plant systematics, including pollen nucleus number, storage product, unit, polarity, aperture, size, shape, sculpturing, and wall structure. These features vary across plant taxa and families, providing a basis for identification and analysis of phylogenetic relationships.
This document discusses heterospory and the seed habit in plants. It begins by introducing heterospory as the production of two different types of spores, microspores and megaspores, which is considered a prerequisite for seed formation in plants. It then describes how certain plant species like Selaginella show heterospory, with microsporangia producing many microspores and megasporangia containing just a few megaspores. The highest evolved species of Selaginella, S. apoda, has progressed towards characteristics of seed plants like retaining its single megaspore within the sporangium for fertilization. In summary, the key steps in the evolution of the seed habit involved the development
This document summarizes the order Pentoxylales, which were fossil plants that existed in the Jurassic period. Some key points:
1. Pentoxylales were first discovered and named in 1948 by Indian paleobotanist Birbal Sahni from fossils found in India.
2. They were possibly small shrubs or trees with long and short shoots, spirally arranged leaves, and reproductive organs on short shoots.
3. Stem genera included Pentoxylon and Nipanioxylon, leaves were named Nipaniophyllum, and seed-bearing organs were called Carnoconites.
4. Distinguishing features included polystelic wood, sess
George Bentham and Joseph Hooker jointly presented a comprehensive system of plant classification in their work Genera Plantarum, published in 3 volumes. Their system classified seed plants into 97,205 species under 202 orders or families, divided into 3 classes - dicots, gymnosperms, and monocots. Dicots were further divided into 3 divisions and 14 series based on natural and visual characteristics to provide a key for plant identification. This system was widely adopted because the descriptions of each taxon were based on detailed examination of actual herbarium specimens.
Heterospory and seed habit in pteridophytes.
Heterospory originated from some spores degenerating in sporangia, allowing the surviving spores to grow larger. This led to megaspores producing female gametophytes and microspores producing male gametophytes. In heterosporous plants like Selaginella, the retention and germination of megaspores inside megasporangia brought them closer to seed habit, though true seeds did not form until gymnosperms evolved integuments around ovules. Heterospory played a significant role in the evolution of seed habit and seeds in higher plants by establishing dependencies that facilitated embryogenesis.
The document summarizes the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). It provides a brief history of botanical naming conventions beginning with Linnaeus' binomial system in 1753. It describes the subsequent meetings that have been held to refine the ICBN rules. The principles of the ICBN are to establish a stable and universal naming system through use of types, priority of publication, and Latin names. Key rules covered include ranks of taxa, typification, requirements for valid publication, author citation, and criteria for selecting correct names when taxa change ranks or are combined or divided. The overall aim of the ICBN is to provide consistency in botanical nomenclature.
The document discusses pollen viability, storage, and germination. It defines viability as the ability of an organism to survive harsh conditions. Pollen viability depends on the plant's taxonomy and environment. Methods for short-term pollen storage include controlling temperature and humidity. Long-term storage uses cryopreservation techniques like freezing pollen. Factors like desiccation and biochemical changes cause pollen to lose viability over time. The document also describes classifying pollen based on longevity and methods for estimating viability, including tetrazolium and fluorescence tests.
Armen Takhtajan was a Russian botanist who developed an influential system of classification for flowering plants (angiosperms) based on evolutionary relationships. He divided angiosperms into two classes - dicots and monocots - which he further divided into subclasses, superorders, and orders. Takhtajan considered multiple lines of evidence and developed criteria for determining evolutionary relationships between taxa. His system is praised for its small, homogeneous taxonomic units but criticized for overly narrowly defining some groups.
This document describes two plants from the Ranunculaceae family: Ranunculus scleratus and Delphinium ajacis. It provides details on their floral structure including parts, symmetry, aestivation and formula. For Ranunculus, it describes sepals, petals, stamens, and a superior ovary with basal placentation. For Delphinium, it notes zygomorphic symmetry and a gamopetalous corolla with posterior petals fused into a spur. Several medicinal uses of plants from the family are also listed.
The document discusses endosperm, which is a nutritive tissue stored in seeds to provide nutrients for the embryo. There are three main types of endosperm based on development - nuclear, cellular, and helobial. Nuclear endosperm is the most common type and involves repeated nuclear division without cell wall formation initially. Cellular endosperm involves cell wall formation after each nuclear division. Helobial endosperm involves initial division into two cells like cellular endosperm, but further divisions are like nuclear endosperm. Endosperm can also have haustorial variations and can be ruminate, with an irregularly folded surface. Endosperm plays an important role in seed nutrition and development.
This document discusses the structure and development of the anther wall in flowering plants. It notes that the anther wall consists of four layers - epidermis, endothecium, middle layers, and tapetum. The tapetum is the innermost layer and completely surrounds the sporogenous tissue. It transports nutrients to developing spores and is involved in exine formation, either through amoeboid intrusion into the anther locule or secretion of substances. The document provides details on the structure and function of each anther wall layer.
This document provides an overview of the flower Anthurium. It discusses the plant's characteristics, classification, structure, cultivation requirements including climate, soil, propagation methods, and common pests and diseases. Anthurium is native to South America and is commonly grown as a cut flower, potted plant, or for floral arrangements. It requires warm temperatures between 20-28°C and high humidity levels to thrive.
This document provides information on orchid cultivation in Indonesia. It discusses Indonesia's biodiversity of over 4000 native orchid species. The main orchid genera found in Indonesia are described, along with their characteristic growth habits as epiphytes, lithophytes, or terrestrial plants. Methods of orchid propagation including both generative (seed) and vegetative (tissue culture, division) techniques are explained. Requirements for successful orchid cultivation such as planting medium, watering, fertilization, and pest and disease control are also outlined.
- Caytoniales were small branched trees or shrubs from the Middle Jurassic period that had leaves, seed-bearing organs (megasporophylls), and pollen-bearing organs (microsporophylls). The leaves (Sagenopteris) were palmately compound. Megasporophylls were structures called Caytonia that bore seed-like structures. Microsporophylls were called Caytonanthus and bore pollen sacs.
- Pentoxylales were also Jurassic gymnosperms with stems called Pentoxylon and Niponioxylon that had 5 primary steles. The leaves were simple with parallel veins called Nipaniophyllum. Seed
Bryophytes have many economic and biological uses. Direct uses include as fuel sources from peat/Sphagnum, in medicine such as wound dressings, and as pollution indicators by absorbing heavy metals. Indirect uses are in soil conservation by preventing erosion, forming soil as minerals precipitate around them, and as rock builders. Bryophytes also serve important roles in research, horticulture, biotechnology, and as food and shelter for some animals.
Crop improvement of tree spices can provide health benefits and flavor foods. Spices from around the world have distinct flavors from parts like seeds, roots, and barks. Popular Indian spices include turmeric, cumin, coriander, black and white pepper, fennel, and mustard. This document focuses on clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, allspice, and curry leaf, describing their origins, botanical features, varieties, and chemical constituents. Clove is native to Indonesia and cultivated in India. Nutmeg is from the Moluccas islands and grown in many tropical countries. Cinnamon's native crop is Sri Lanka and India, while allspice is from Jamaica and curry leaf from India.
Lichen is a symbiotic organism consisting of a fungus and an alga or cyanobacteria. The document defines lichen and describes its history, structure, forms, reproduction, habitat, economic importance. Lichens can be crustose, foliose, or fruticose depending on their thallus structure. They reproduce sexually through structures like apothecia and asexually through fragmentation or spores. Lichens grow in various habitats and have importance as food, medicine, dyes, and for their role in nitrogen fixation.
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
This document discusses the use of pollen morphology as a taxonomic tool. It examines pollen from several plant families including Solanaceae, Asteraceae, and Fabaceae under a light microscope. For each family, it provides details on pollen shape, ornamentation, aperture type, and other characteristics. It finds that pollen morphology varies between genera and can provide diagnostic characteristics for identification. The document concludes that pollen studies are important for taxonomy, plant identification, and understanding past environments.
Cardamom Drug Power Point Presentation by Ashish SinghAshishPanwar46
Hello everyone it is a short Presentation of Cardamom Drug which is presented by Ashish Singh D. Pharmacy Student 1st Year at Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Pharmacy & Research.
Digitalis purpurea is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae, native to and widespread throughout most of temperate Europe. It is also naturalised in parts of North America and some other temperate regions.
Similar to PALYNOLOGY IN RELATION TO TAXONOMY (13)
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
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Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
7. PTERIDOPHYTA
• Presence of perine:aspleniaceae,davillaceae
• Ectine surface is spinulose in psilotum and
granulose in tmesipteris
• Marattia:simple and smallest spore among
pteridophyte.
8. • By ectine ornamentation of spore ,many
species of selaginella had found by Knox
1938.
• eg:
• Tuberculate in s.concinna
• Spinose in s.fruticulosa
• Aspidiaceae:perine covering spores posses
characteristic foldings.
9. GYMNOSPERMAE
• Trilete in cycadofilicales,monolete in
cordiatales and bennettiales.
• Winged pollen characteristic to pinaceae .
• Cryptomeria:pappilate projection represent
aperture,but it is weakly formed in
cupressaceae.
• Markgraf produced a classification of genus
Gnetum .
10.
11. ANGIOSPERMAE
FAMILIES:
• Stenopalynous ,grasses with pollen single
pore surrounded by annulus and
surmounted by operculum.
• Crucifers :3 colpate and reticulate pollen.
• Thick walled pollen of gyrostemonaceae
is unparallel and thus seprated this from
phytolacaceae.