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PALYNOLOGY IN RELATION
TO TAXONOMY
PALYNOLOGICAL FEATURES USED
• Pollen aperture
• Pollen shape
• Pollen nucleus number
• Pollen size
• Pollen sculpturing
• Pollen wall structure
• Pollen storage product
• Pollen unit
Examples
Binucleate plant families:
1. Tradescantia,commelinaceae family
2. Chrysanthemum ,asteraceae family
Trinucleate :caryophyllaceae ,pollen of pink family
Pollen storage product
1. Poaceae :starch
2. Sonneratiaceae:oil
Pollen unit
1. Monad:Hibiscus trionum
2. Dyad:ascarina ,chloranthaceae
3. Tetrad:ericaceae family
PTERIDOPHYTA
• Presence of perine:aspleniaceae,davillaceae
• Ectine surface is spinulose in psilotum and
granulose in tmesipteris
• Marattia:simple and smallest spore among
pteridophyte.
• By ectine ornamentation of spore ,many
species of selaginella had found by Knox
1938.
• eg:
• Tuberculate in s.concinna
• Spinose in s.fruticulosa
• Aspidiaceae:perine covering spores posses
characteristic foldings.
GYMNOSPERMAE
• Trilete in cycadofilicales,monolete in
cordiatales and bennettiales.
• Winged pollen characteristic to pinaceae .
• Cryptomeria:pappilate projection represent
aperture,but it is weakly formed in
cupressaceae.
• Markgraf produced a classification of genus
Gnetum .
ANGIOSPERMAE
FAMILIES:
• Stenopalynous ,grasses with pollen single
pore surrounded by annulus and
surmounted by operculum.
• Crucifers :3 colpate and reticulate pollen.
• Thick walled pollen of gyrostemonaceae
is unparallel and thus seprated this from
phytolacaceae.
Gyrostemonaceae
Phytolacaceae
Bombaceae
Betula pollen
PALYNOLOGY IN RELATION TO TAXONOMY

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PALYNOLOGY IN RELATION TO TAXONOMY