The document is the National Essential Drugs List of Pakistan from 2003. It contains 452 drugs across 29 categories. The list was prepared by the Ministry of Health of Pakistan in consultation with experts. It is intended to guide health care professionals and institutions in Pakistan on essential drugs that should be widely available at affordable prices. The list is periodically revised to ensure availability of important medicines while removing those that are no longer essential or cost effective. It categorizes drugs as primary, secondary or tertiary based on the level of health care facility they should be used in.
The document outlines the process of revising India's National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) in 2011. A core committee was formed to update the 2003 NLEM. This involved national consultation meetings with experts from various medical disciplines. The committee developed criteria for adding or removing medicines. They considered disease prevalence in India and cost-effectiveness. The revised 2011 NLEM aims to promote rational and affordable healthcare by recommending essential medicines for primary, secondary and tertiary levels. It identifies 348 essential medicines and provides guidance for public health programs and medicine procurement in India.
This document establishes new regulations for the registration of biological medicinal products in Argentina. It defines biological products and outlines specific requirements and procedures for their registration, including information that must be included in registration certificates. Evaluation and approval of registration applications will ensure biological products have favorable benefit-risk ratios, sufficient therapeutic efficacy, adequate quality and composition supported by application materials.
Definitions according to Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP medical ...Arooj Abid
This document defines key terms related to medical devices and their regulation in Pakistan. It provides definitions for different types of medical devices including active devices, implants, and in vitro diagnostics. It also defines terms related to the regulation of medical devices such as clinical evaluation, clinical investigation, misbranded devices, notified bodies, and essential principles. The definitions cover a wide range of topics from different types of medical devices to regulatory concepts, organizations, and processes.
The document discusses the National Formulary of India 2016. It provides information on what a formulary is, which is a manual containing pharmacological summaries of selected drugs and administrative information about prescribing and dispensing. The purpose of the National Formulary of India is to provide unbiased drug information to healthcare professionals and promote safe and effective medication use. It outlines what information is included, such as individual drug monographs, pricing, and national policies. The criteria for inclusion or exclusion of drugs is also presented. The National Formulary of India has gone through 5 editions and is published by the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission.
The document provides information about various pharmacopoeias including the Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, and United States Pharmacopoeia. It discusses the history and development of these pharmacopoeias, including information about new editions and monographs. The key details provided include that pharmacopoeias are official compendiums that provide drug standards and descriptions, the Indian Pharmacopoeia was first published in 1955 and is now in its 7th edition, and the British and US Pharmacopoeias have been published annually with the addition of new monographs in each edition.
This document summarizes key aspects of Azerbaijan's law on medicines:
- It defines legal principles for dealing with medicines and medical facilities in Azerbaijan, regulating related relations.
- Key terms related to medicines are defined, including medicines, drugs, active substances, original medicines, generics, and more.
- The main duties of the state regarding medicines include guaranteeing access, developing programs, research, assistance programs, and more.
- State regulation methods include licensing, registration, certification, and quality control. The executive authority carries out various regulatory roles.
- Licensing is required for pharmaceutical activities like production, wholesale, and retail sale of medicines.
- Import, production, sale and use of medicines
The document outlines the statutory rules regarding prison hospitals in Maharashtra, India. It details:
1) Every prison hospital will be in charge of a Medical Officer from the Maharashtra Medical Service or local dispensary.
2) The duties of the Medical Officer include examining prisoners, overseeing medicine and supplies, ensuring sanitation, and reporting on health conditions.
3) The Medical Officer must maintain various registers and books documenting patients, treatments, and expenses. They are responsible for the overall health of prisoners.
The document outlines the process of revising India's National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) in 2011. A core committee was formed to update the 2003 NLEM. This involved national consultation meetings with experts from various medical disciplines. The committee developed criteria for adding or removing medicines. They considered disease prevalence in India and cost-effectiveness. The revised 2011 NLEM aims to promote rational and affordable healthcare by recommending essential medicines for primary, secondary and tertiary levels. It identifies 348 essential medicines and provides guidance for public health programs and medicine procurement in India.
This document establishes new regulations for the registration of biological medicinal products in Argentina. It defines biological products and outlines specific requirements and procedures for their registration, including information that must be included in registration certificates. Evaluation and approval of registration applications will ensure biological products have favorable benefit-risk ratios, sufficient therapeutic efficacy, adequate quality and composition supported by application materials.
Definitions according to Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP medical ...Arooj Abid
This document defines key terms related to medical devices and their regulation in Pakistan. It provides definitions for different types of medical devices including active devices, implants, and in vitro diagnostics. It also defines terms related to the regulation of medical devices such as clinical evaluation, clinical investigation, misbranded devices, notified bodies, and essential principles. The definitions cover a wide range of topics from different types of medical devices to regulatory concepts, organizations, and processes.
The document discusses the National Formulary of India 2016. It provides information on what a formulary is, which is a manual containing pharmacological summaries of selected drugs and administrative information about prescribing and dispensing. The purpose of the National Formulary of India is to provide unbiased drug information to healthcare professionals and promote safe and effective medication use. It outlines what information is included, such as individual drug monographs, pricing, and national policies. The criteria for inclusion or exclusion of drugs is also presented. The National Formulary of India has gone through 5 editions and is published by the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission.
The document provides information about various pharmacopoeias including the Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, and United States Pharmacopoeia. It discusses the history and development of these pharmacopoeias, including information about new editions and monographs. The key details provided include that pharmacopoeias are official compendiums that provide drug standards and descriptions, the Indian Pharmacopoeia was first published in 1955 and is now in its 7th edition, and the British and US Pharmacopoeias have been published annually with the addition of new monographs in each edition.
This document summarizes key aspects of Azerbaijan's law on medicines:
- It defines legal principles for dealing with medicines and medical facilities in Azerbaijan, regulating related relations.
- Key terms related to medicines are defined, including medicines, drugs, active substances, original medicines, generics, and more.
- The main duties of the state regarding medicines include guaranteeing access, developing programs, research, assistance programs, and more.
- State regulation methods include licensing, registration, certification, and quality control. The executive authority carries out various regulatory roles.
- Licensing is required for pharmaceutical activities like production, wholesale, and retail sale of medicines.
- Import, production, sale and use of medicines
The document outlines the statutory rules regarding prison hospitals in Maharashtra, India. It details:
1) Every prison hospital will be in charge of a Medical Officer from the Maharashtra Medical Service or local dispensary.
2) The duties of the Medical Officer include examining prisoners, overseeing medicine and supplies, ensuring sanitation, and reporting on health conditions.
3) The Medical Officer must maintain various registers and books documenting patients, treatments, and expenses. They are responsible for the overall health of prisoners.
Traditional herbal medicine plays an important role in healthcare due to the inaccessibility of modern medicines for many. The World Health Organization has endorsed the safety and effectiveness of herbal medicine. This has led to a need to regulate practices like manufacturing, processing, sale and supply of herbal medicines. While herbal medicines make up a $300 million market in India compared to $2.5 billion for modern medicines, over 250,000 practitioners are registered in Ayurvedic medicine and it is used when modern treatments are unavailable. However, issues like lack of standardization of traditional preparations and reckless exploitation of medicinal plants present challenges.
1. The document discusses various drug standards including pharmacopoeias, formularies, the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), the British National Formulary (BNF), the Bangladesh National Formulary (BDNF), drug monographs, and drug regulation and control.
2. Pharmacopoeias are authoritative references on drugs that describe identification standards and tests to ensure drug strength, purity and quality. Formularies list drugs and formulas. The USP and BP are the national pharmacopoeias of the United States and United Kingdom, respectively.
3. The BNF provides prescribing information for drugs available through the UK NHS while the BDNF does the
The document provides a historical overview of the development of pharmacy as a profession from ancient times to the present. It discusses early medicine practices in ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, the Arab world, and Renaissance Europe. Key developments included the establishment of the first pharmacy shops in Baghdad in the 8th century AD, the separation of pharmacy from medicine in the 13th century, and the founding of the first pharmacy schools and professional organizations in the 18th-19th centuries. The document then outlines the major eras and advances in pharmacy, from the industrialization and standardization of drugs in the 19th-20th centuries to current research areas like biotechnology and personalized medicine.
In ancient India the sources of drugs were of vegetable, animal and mineral origin.(Ayurveda).They were prepared empirically by few experienced persons. Knowledge of that medical system was usually kept secret within a family (Folkore).There were no scientific methods of standardization of drugs.
The document provides information about the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses the constitution, mission, organization and roles of the USFDA in regulating food, drugs, medical devices, and other products. It also describes the governance, history, resources, roles, and offices of the WHO in public health at the global level.
BP & USP History, Editions, Volumes & Appendices by Dr. Ashfaqashfaq22
The document provides information about the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). It discusses their histories, editions, volumes, and appendices. The BP is published annually in the UK and has 6 volumes, while the USP is published annually in the US and has gone through various editions and expansions over its history dating back to 1820. Both are authoritative references for drug standards and quality in their respective countries.
This document provides an overview of drug legislation in the United States and India. It discusses key acts passed in the US in 1906, 1938, 1962, and more that established regulations around drug safety and efficacy. For India, it outlines the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940, the Pharmacy Act of 1948, and others that were enacted to regulate drug quality following reports of adulteration. The regulatory bodies for drugs are the US FDA and India's Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO).
This document provides an overview of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and its rules from 1945. It discusses how the act was passed to control the import, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs and cosmetics in India. It then defines several key terms used in the act, such as drug, cosmetic, manufacturer, and government analyst. Finally, it outlines the various schedules included in the act and rules, which classify drugs, specify standards, and provide licensing requirements and guidelines on manufacturing practices.
This document discusses the regulation of herbal drugs in India. It begins by providing background on traditional Indian medicine systems like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Naturopathy and Homeopathy. It then explains that herbal drugs are regulated under the Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1940 and Rules of 1945 in India. The Department of AYUSH is the regulatory authority that issues manufacturing licenses and enforces good manufacturing practices. The document outlines the application process for licenses, facility requirements, and clinical trial guidelines for herbal drugs. It also discusses issues like intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge and the growth of the herbal drug industry in India.
This document provides an introduction to Indian pharmaceutical legislations. It discusses key topics like pharmaceutical jurisprudence, importance of legislation, scope of various acts, history of legislation development in India. Specifically, it summarizes the recommendations of the 1931 Drugs Enquiry Committee that led to the enactment of major laws like the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 to regulate the drug industry and profession. It also lists some of the major acts introduced over time to control drugs, narcotics and the practice of pharmacy in India.
The document discusses the history and purpose of pharmacopoeias. It provides a list of many national pharmacopoeias and then focuses on details of the Indian Pharmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia. The Indian Pharmacopoeia is an official publication that provides standards for drugs and pharmaceuticals in India. It has gone through several editions with increasing numbers of monographs. The British Pharmacopoeia similarly provides standards and is revised annually.
The document outlines the Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 established by the Ministry of Environment & Forests in India. It defines biomedical waste and sets rules for segregation, packaging, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste. Key points include:
- It is the duty of occupiers of institutions generating biomedical waste (e.g. hospitals) to ensure waste is handled without adverse effects to human health and environment.
- Biomedical waste must be segregated and stored in labeled containers according to waste category before treatment and disposal as outlined in Schedules I-IV.
- Authorization must be obtained from the prescribed authority and annual reports on waste handling must be submitted
This document discusses various pharmacopoeias including the Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, and United States Pharmacopoeia. It provides an overview of the development and editions of the Indian Pharmacopoeia. It also introduces some of the key aspects and standards included in different pharmacopoeias such as lists of drugs, descriptions, tests, and preparation methods.
Introduction & Objectives
Schedules of the Act.
Schedules of the Rule
Definitions
Administrative bodies
Import & Registration.
Manufacture of drugs
Sale of drugs
Labeling & packaging of drugs
Conditions for grant of licenses
Detailed study of schedules g, h, M, N, P, T, U,V, X & Y
The document discusses pharmacopoeias, which are collections of standards for drugs. It describes what a pharmacopoeia is, the different types including national, regional, and international pharmacopoeias. It provides details on the history and editions of the Indian Pharmacopoeia. The content of pharmacopoeias includes monographs, which provide complete descriptions of pharmaceuticals including tests for purity and identification. The importance of the information included in monographs is discussed.
The document provides an introduction to pharmacopoeias. It defines a pharmacopoeia as an official book published by a government that contains lists of drugs and formulas for medical preparations along with tests, descriptions, and standards. It discusses the objectives and importance of pharmacopoeias in providing information, quality control, and standards. The history of major pharmacopoeias is summarized, including the first editions of the Indian, British, and US pharmacopoeias. Key features of revisions and editions of the Pharmacopoeia of India are highlighted.
National list of essential medicine final copynkar2429
This document provides an executive summary of the National List of Essential Medicines of India from 2011. It overviews the process of revising the 2003 list to develop the 2011 list, which included rounds of consultation with experts from across India to determine which medicines should be included based on disease burden and healthcare needs. The revised 2011 list aims to promote rational and affordable medicine use in both public and private healthcare sectors in India. It categorizes medicines by therapeutic area and provides the full list of additions and deletions from the previous 2003 version.
This document provides guidelines for quality control testing of herbal materials. It describes general considerations for methods, including use of the metric system, precision of measurements, calculation of results, and establishment of limits. Reagents and solutions are given specific designations. Temperature is generally room temperature unless otherwise specified. The document aims to support development of national standards for herbal materials.
Traditional herbal medicine plays an important role in healthcare due to the inaccessibility of modern medicines for many. The World Health Organization has endorsed the safety and effectiveness of herbal medicine. This has led to a need to regulate practices like manufacturing, processing, sale and supply of herbal medicines. While herbal medicines make up a $300 million market in India compared to $2.5 billion for modern medicines, over 250,000 practitioners are registered in Ayurvedic medicine and it is used when modern treatments are unavailable. However, issues like lack of standardization of traditional preparations and reckless exploitation of medicinal plants present challenges.
1. The document discusses various drug standards including pharmacopoeias, formularies, the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), the British National Formulary (BNF), the Bangladesh National Formulary (BDNF), drug monographs, and drug regulation and control.
2. Pharmacopoeias are authoritative references on drugs that describe identification standards and tests to ensure drug strength, purity and quality. Formularies list drugs and formulas. The USP and BP are the national pharmacopoeias of the United States and United Kingdom, respectively.
3. The BNF provides prescribing information for drugs available through the UK NHS while the BDNF does the
The document provides a historical overview of the development of pharmacy as a profession from ancient times to the present. It discusses early medicine practices in ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, the Arab world, and Renaissance Europe. Key developments included the establishment of the first pharmacy shops in Baghdad in the 8th century AD, the separation of pharmacy from medicine in the 13th century, and the founding of the first pharmacy schools and professional organizations in the 18th-19th centuries. The document then outlines the major eras and advances in pharmacy, from the industrialization and standardization of drugs in the 19th-20th centuries to current research areas like biotechnology and personalized medicine.
In ancient India the sources of drugs were of vegetable, animal and mineral origin.(Ayurveda).They were prepared empirically by few experienced persons. Knowledge of that medical system was usually kept secret within a family (Folkore).There were no scientific methods of standardization of drugs.
The document provides information about the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses the constitution, mission, organization and roles of the USFDA in regulating food, drugs, medical devices, and other products. It also describes the governance, history, resources, roles, and offices of the WHO in public health at the global level.
BP & USP History, Editions, Volumes & Appendices by Dr. Ashfaqashfaq22
The document provides information about the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). It discusses their histories, editions, volumes, and appendices. The BP is published annually in the UK and has 6 volumes, while the USP is published annually in the US and has gone through various editions and expansions over its history dating back to 1820. Both are authoritative references for drug standards and quality in their respective countries.
This document provides an overview of drug legislation in the United States and India. It discusses key acts passed in the US in 1906, 1938, 1962, and more that established regulations around drug safety and efficacy. For India, it outlines the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940, the Pharmacy Act of 1948, and others that were enacted to regulate drug quality following reports of adulteration. The regulatory bodies for drugs are the US FDA and India's Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO).
This document provides an overview of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and its rules from 1945. It discusses how the act was passed to control the import, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs and cosmetics in India. It then defines several key terms used in the act, such as drug, cosmetic, manufacturer, and government analyst. Finally, it outlines the various schedules included in the act and rules, which classify drugs, specify standards, and provide licensing requirements and guidelines on manufacturing practices.
This document discusses the regulation of herbal drugs in India. It begins by providing background on traditional Indian medicine systems like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Naturopathy and Homeopathy. It then explains that herbal drugs are regulated under the Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1940 and Rules of 1945 in India. The Department of AYUSH is the regulatory authority that issues manufacturing licenses and enforces good manufacturing practices. The document outlines the application process for licenses, facility requirements, and clinical trial guidelines for herbal drugs. It also discusses issues like intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge and the growth of the herbal drug industry in India.
This document provides an introduction to Indian pharmaceutical legislations. It discusses key topics like pharmaceutical jurisprudence, importance of legislation, scope of various acts, history of legislation development in India. Specifically, it summarizes the recommendations of the 1931 Drugs Enquiry Committee that led to the enactment of major laws like the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 to regulate the drug industry and profession. It also lists some of the major acts introduced over time to control drugs, narcotics and the practice of pharmacy in India.
The document discusses the history and purpose of pharmacopoeias. It provides a list of many national pharmacopoeias and then focuses on details of the Indian Pharmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia. The Indian Pharmacopoeia is an official publication that provides standards for drugs and pharmaceuticals in India. It has gone through several editions with increasing numbers of monographs. The British Pharmacopoeia similarly provides standards and is revised annually.
The document outlines the Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 established by the Ministry of Environment & Forests in India. It defines biomedical waste and sets rules for segregation, packaging, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste. Key points include:
- It is the duty of occupiers of institutions generating biomedical waste (e.g. hospitals) to ensure waste is handled without adverse effects to human health and environment.
- Biomedical waste must be segregated and stored in labeled containers according to waste category before treatment and disposal as outlined in Schedules I-IV.
- Authorization must be obtained from the prescribed authority and annual reports on waste handling must be submitted
This document discusses various pharmacopoeias including the Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia, and United States Pharmacopoeia. It provides an overview of the development and editions of the Indian Pharmacopoeia. It also introduces some of the key aspects and standards included in different pharmacopoeias such as lists of drugs, descriptions, tests, and preparation methods.
Introduction & Objectives
Schedules of the Act.
Schedules of the Rule
Definitions
Administrative bodies
Import & Registration.
Manufacture of drugs
Sale of drugs
Labeling & packaging of drugs
Conditions for grant of licenses
Detailed study of schedules g, h, M, N, P, T, U,V, X & Y
The document discusses pharmacopoeias, which are collections of standards for drugs. It describes what a pharmacopoeia is, the different types including national, regional, and international pharmacopoeias. It provides details on the history and editions of the Indian Pharmacopoeia. The content of pharmacopoeias includes monographs, which provide complete descriptions of pharmaceuticals including tests for purity and identification. The importance of the information included in monographs is discussed.
The document provides an introduction to pharmacopoeias. It defines a pharmacopoeia as an official book published by a government that contains lists of drugs and formulas for medical preparations along with tests, descriptions, and standards. It discusses the objectives and importance of pharmacopoeias in providing information, quality control, and standards. The history of major pharmacopoeias is summarized, including the first editions of the Indian, British, and US pharmacopoeias. Key features of revisions and editions of the Pharmacopoeia of India are highlighted.
National list of essential medicine final copynkar2429
This document provides an executive summary of the National List of Essential Medicines of India from 2011. It overviews the process of revising the 2003 list to develop the 2011 list, which included rounds of consultation with experts from across India to determine which medicines should be included based on disease burden and healthcare needs. The revised 2011 list aims to promote rational and affordable medicine use in both public and private healthcare sectors in India. It categorizes medicines by therapeutic area and provides the full list of additions and deletions from the previous 2003 version.
This document provides guidelines for quality control testing of herbal materials. It describes general considerations for methods, including use of the metric system, precision of measurements, calculation of results, and establishment of limits. Reagents and solutions are given specific designations. Temperature is generally room temperature unless otherwise specified. The document aims to support development of national standards for herbal materials.
Essential medicines, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) are "those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the community can afford
This document provides an overview of the Ministry of Health (MOH) Formulary system in Saudi Arabia. It discusses the role of the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee in evaluating drugs for inclusion in the formulary and establishing policies. The formulary is divided into therapeutic categories with information on each drug. It outlines policies on formulary additions and deletions, restricted drugs, non-formulary drugs, and investigational drugs. It also discusses guidelines for penicillin administration and reporting adverse drug reactions.
PAGE 1State Pharmacy BrazilnamePracticum in Health Administ.docxalfred4lewis58146
PAGE
1State Pharmacy Brazil
namePracticum in Health Administration
MHA 690Pfeiffer University
November 7, 2013
Professor:
Table of Contents
Introduction ………………………………………………………………
Brazilian Health Care System………………………………………………………….14
The State Pharmacy Exceptional Drugs ……………………………………….…20
Activities…………………………………………………………………………………24
I. Participation in Activities Developed in Sector Screening and Social Services ………………………………………………………………...33
II. Participation in the Passwords Distribution ………………………………………………………………34
III. Participation in the Activities of Pre-Dispensation:……………………………………………………………....35
IV. Participation in the Activities Performed in Pharmaceutical Care ……………………………………………………………36
V. Participation in the Activities of the Internal Pharmacy after the Service
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………38
Bibliography………………………………………………………………….………….……..39
1. INTRODUCTION
The internship was in the State Pharmacy of Curitiba – Brazil. The internship aims to enter the student in daily SUS to analyze the role of the pharmacist in this system with the opportunity to combine theory with practice, to develop time responsibility and competence expected of the pharmacist, and improve theoretical, technical, ethical, and political understanding for the student.
Brazilian Health Care System
The public health system (SUS) is one of the largest public health systems in the world. It ensures universal, comprehensive health care and it is free to the entire population of the country. The public health system was created in 1988 by the Brazilian federal constitution to be the health care for all Brazilians. Besides offering consultations, tests, and hospitalizations, the system also promotes vaccination campaigns, prevention, and sanitary surveillance.
The SUS was created to provide equal service and care, and promote the health of the entire population. The system is a unique social project that materializes through health promotion, prevention, and Brazilians' health care.
For nearly 22 years of existence, the National Health System (SUS) has established itself as a major public policy in Brazil promoting social inclusion and seeking to continuously strengthen their basic pillars of full health care, and universal and equal access. It is the only access to health services for 160 million Brazilians (80% of the population), SUS is developing mechanisms to improve management and expand its scope. In 2009, it performed 3 billion outpatient visits, 380 million medical visits, 280,000 heart surgeries, and 10 million procedures in radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, SUS is one of the largest public organ transplant programs in the world, won international recognition for the success of mass vaccination campaigns, and is the only developing country to guarantee free comprehensive treatment for people with HIV (Brasil, pp 11-13).
The Unified Health System (SUS) was creat.
The document summarizes the report from the Second WHO Expert Meeting on Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine held in Copenhagen from 29-31 May 2007. The meeting reviewed and updated a previous list of critically important antimicrobial classes developed at a 2005 meeting in Canberra, considering factors like new developments in antimicrobial resistance and expert committee recommendations. Participants modified the document title to clarify the purpose is for developing risk management strategies for antimicrobial resistance from non-human use. Relatively few changes were needed to update the categorization of antimicrobials. The group also prioritized agents within the critically important category to focus risk management strategies on quinolones, 3rd/4th generation cephalosporins,
Pharma Malpractices - Report of the Parliament Committee to Rajya Sabha Anup Soans
Read this to understand the reasons for the Govt's crackdown on Indian Pharma - Parliament committee report on CDSCO. Parliament was seized of unethical and unprofessional practices in 2012 itself.
This document is the Republic Act No. 6675, an act passed by the Philippine Congress in 1988 to promote the use of generic drug names. It declares the state policy to encourage generic drug use to ensure adequate supply of medicines at lowest cost. It defines key terms like generic name, essential drugs list. It requires all government agencies and medical professionals to use generic names in purchasing, prescribing and dispensing drugs. It also mandates drug companies to produce and distribute generic versions of their medicines. Penalties are prescribed for violations of the act.
This document provides an introduction to the field of pharmacology. It defines key terms like pharmacy, pharmacology, drugs, medicines, and drug interactions. It describes how drugs are classified based on origin, chemical structure, means of procurement, body system affected, and mechanism of action. The stages of drug discovery, development and clinical trials are outlined. Philippine laws regarding drug use like the Generics Act and those establishing the Philippine National Drug Formulary are mentioned. Community drug outlets called Botika ng Barangay aimed at improving access to essential medicines are also introduced.
This document provides an introduction to the field of pharmacology. It defines key terms like pharmacy, pharmacology, drugs, medicines, and drug interactions. It describes how drugs are classified based on origin, chemical structure, means of procurement, body system affected, and mechanism of action. The stages of drug discovery, development and clinical trials are outlined. Philippine laws regarding drug use like the Generics Act and those establishing the Philippine National Drug Formulary are mentioned. Community drug outlets called Botika ng Barangay aimed at improving access to essential medicines are also introduced.
The document summarizes the regenerative medicine industry in 2014. It provides an overview of the geographic and sector breakdown of the 418 leading regenerative medicine companies tracked by the Alliance for Regenerative Medicine. The majority are therapeutics and devices companies developing cell therapies, gene therapies, and cell-based immunotherapies. Primary cell therapies and stem cell therapies represent the most mature areas. The report also highlights significant anticipated clinical milestones and results in 2014 and the increasing investment in regenerative medicine by large pharmaceutical companies.
Drug utilization research studies the use of drugs in populations and aims to support rational drug use. It is closely related to pharmacoepidemiology, which applies epidemiological methods to study drug use. Together they provide insights into patterns of drug use, quality of use, and determinants of use. The ultimate goal is to assess rationality of drug therapy and facilitate improved health outcomes.
This document discusses adverse drug reaction reporting and pharmacovigilance in India. It provides background on the pharmaceutical industry in India and defines adverse drug reactions and events. It describes the origins of pharmacovigilance from past drug safety issues. It outlines the various adverse drug reaction reporting centers in India and discusses the importance of pharmacovigilance for public health. It also covers communication in pharmacovigilance, roles and responsibilities, and challenges to the system in India.
Combinational products & medical devicesSHUBHAMGWAGH
This document provides an overview of regulations for combination products and medical devices in India. It defines combination products as those composed of two or more medical products like drugs, devices, and/or biologics. The regulatory authorities in India that oversee drugs and medical devices are described, including the Drugs Controller General of India and Central Drugs Standard Control Organization. The document outlines some key proposed regulations like the Indian Medical Device Regulatory Act, which would classify medical devices into four risk-based categories and establish design, manufacturing, and post-market surveillance requirements. It also discusses the role of pharmacists in understanding medical device safety and being involved in their regulation.
This document provides information on establishing pharmacovigilance programs and resources in pharmacovigilance. It discusses the importance of classification systems like ATC, ICD, and INN for monitoring drugs and adverse events. Primary resources include clinical trial data and reports, while secondary resources summarize primary sources. Tertiary sources compile information from multiple sources. Establishing an effective pharmacovigilance program requires a structured organization, trained staff, coordination between stakeholders, and support from regulatory authorities and healthcare priorities. Monitoring drug safety is crucial for public health.
The Circular 06/2017/TT-BYT provides:
+ Rules for compiling the List of toxic drugs and toxic medicinal ingredients and criteria for selection of toxic drugs and toxic medicinal ingredients for inclusion in the List;
+ The List of toxic drugs and toxic medicinal ingredients as active ingredients and modern drugs;
+ Purposes of the List and implementation thereof.
Contents :
General forensic medicine
Identification
Primary teeth
Secondary teeth
Dentition
Estimation of age
Estimation of sex
Estimation of race
Estimation of stature
Death and postmortem
Death and changes after death
Autopsy
Postmortem temperature changes
Postmortem staining/postmortem lividity
Rigor mortis and cadaveric spasm
Mummification
Adipocere
Putrefaction
Maggots
Antemortem and postmortem burns
Asphyxia
Café coronary
Hanging
Different forms of asphyxia
Drowning
Firearm injuries
Types of firearm
Types of bullet
Types of firearm injuries
Wound and injury
Grievous injury
Injuries
Fractures
Wound
Law in relation to man
Courts
Evidence
Offence
IPC, CrPC and IEA
Inquest
Exhumation
Torture
Criminal responsibility
Consent
Medical law
Medical negligence
Tests and rules
Sexual offences
Rape
Other sexual offences
Infanticide and fetal death
Fetal death
Battered baby syndrome
Toxicology
General features of poisoning
Poisoning based on physiological state
Hydrogen sulphide
Arsenic
Lead
Phosphorus
Mercury
Copper
Zinc
Cadmium
Aluminium phosphide
Cyanide
Paracetamol poisoning
Salicylate poisoning
Copper sulphate poisoning
Acid poisoning
Sulphuric acid
Nitric acid
Carbolic acid
Oxalic acid
Kerosene poisoning
Carbon monoxide
Chloral hydrate
Methyl alcohol
Barbiturates
Aconite
Dhatura
Strychnine
Opc
Preservatives for poisoning
Snakes
Mushroom poisoning
Plant poison
General features of management of poisoning
Hemodialysis
Alkaline diuresis
Saline diuresis
Gastric lavage
BAL
EDTA
Metallothienes
For more details, visit www.medpgnotes.com
You can send your queries to medpgnotes@gmail.com
The pharmacy and therapeutic committee is a group of persons which formulate policies regarding therapeutic use of drugs. This committee is composed of physician pharmacists and other health professional with the inclusion of the medical staff.
This document provides guidance for industry on establishing acceptable limits of residual solvents in pharmaceutical products. It classifies residual solvents into three classes based on risk: Class 1 solvents are to be avoided due to toxicity; Class 2 solvents are to be limited; and Class 3 solvents have low toxic potential. It recommends two options for describing limits of Class 2 solvents depending on whether the daily dose is known. It also provides recommendations for analytical procedures to test for residual solvents and information suppliers should report about residual solvent levels. The goal is to recommend solvent limits that are safe for patients and avoid use of highly toxic solvents when possible.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/RvdYsTzgQq8
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/ECILGWtgZko
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
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Dr. Tan's Balance Method.pdf (From Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin)GeorgeKieling1
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Organization
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
3. CONTENTS
PREFACE…………………………………….……………… vii
NATIONAL ESSENTIAL DRUGS LIST
THIRD REVISION
Explanatory Notes .........................................................viii
1:
ANAESTHETICS ............................................................ 1
1.1
1.2
Local Anaesthetics ............................................. 1
1.3
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ....................... 2
1.4
2:
General Anaesthetics and Oxygen ..................... 1
Miscellaneous..................................................... 2
ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
AND DRUGS USED TO TREAT GOUT ....................... 2
2.1
2.2
Non-Opioid Analgesics and NSAIDS................ 2
2.3
Local Analgesics………………………………. 2
2.4
3:
Opioid Analgesics .............................................. 2
Drugs used to treat Gout
................................ 2
ANTI-ALLERGICS AND DRUGS USED IN
ANAPHYLAXIS ............................................................. 3
4:
ANTI-EPILEPTICS ........................................................ 3
5:
ANTIINFECTIVE DRUGS ............................................. 3
5.1
Anthelmintics ..................................................... 3
5.2
Antibacterials ..................................................... 4
5.3
Antituberculosis Drugs....................................... 6
5.4
Antifungal Drugs................................................ 7
5.5
Antiamoebic Drugs ............................................ 7
5.6
Antiviral Drugs .................................................. 8
5.7
Antimalarial Drugs and Prophylactics ............... 8
5.8
Antileishmanial Drugs ....................................... 8
6:
ANTIMIGRAINE DRUGS ............................................. 8
7:
ANTIPARKINSONISM DRUGS .................................... 8
8:
DRUGS AFFECTING BLOOD ...................................... 9
8.1
Antianaemic Drugs ............................................ 9
8.2
Drugs Affecting Coagulation ............................. 9
iii
4. 9:
BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA
SUBSTITUTES................................................................ 9
10:
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS....................................... 9
11:
DERMATOLOGICAL DRUGS .................................... 11
12:
DIURETICS ................................................................... 12
13:
GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS .................................. 12
14:
HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE DRUGS AND
CONTRACEPTIVES..................................................... 13
15:
IMMUNOLOGICALS ................................................... 14
15.1
15.2
Sera and Immunologicals................................. 15
15.3
Vaccines for Universal Immunization.............. 15
15.4
Vaccines for Specific Use ................................ 15
15.5
16:
Diagnostics....................................................... 14
Immunosuppressants ........................................ 16
MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY ACTING)
AND CHOLINESTRASE INHIBITORS ...................... 16
17:
OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS............... 16
17.1
Antiinfective Agents ........................................ 16
17.2
Miotics and Antiglaucoma Drugs .................... 16
17.3
Mydriatics and Cycloplegics Drugs ................. 16
17.4
Corticosteroids ................................................. 17
17.5
Non-steroidal Antiallergic/Decongestants ...... 17
17.6
Topical Anaesthetics ......................................... 17
17.7
Others................................................................ 17
18:
OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS ...................... 17
19:
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION ....................... 17
20:
PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS .............................. 18
21:
DRUGS ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY
TRACT ......................................................................... 18
22:
SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER,
ELECTROLYTE AND ACID BASE
DISTURBANCES.......................................................... 19
23:
VITAMINS AND MINERALS ..................................... 19
24:
E.N.T. PREPARATIONS............................................... 20
25:
ANTISEPTICS AND DIS-INFECTANTS .................... 20
25.1
Antiseptics........................................................ 20
25.2
Disinfectants..................................................... 21
iv
5. 26:
DENTAL PREPARATIONS (T) ................................... 21
27:
DISPENSARY ITEMS (P,S,T)..................................... 21
28:
DRUGS FOR LOCAL PURCHASE.............................. 23
28.1
Antidotes and other substances used in
poisoning.......................................................... 23
28.2
Antileprosy Drugs ............................................ 24
28.3
Antineoplastics, Immunosuppressives and
Drugs used in palliative care ............................ 24
28.3.1
28.4
29:
Immunosuppressive Drugs................. 24
Diagnostic Agents ............................................ 25
DRUGS FOR SPECIALIZED CENTERS..................... 26
29.1
Antiretroviral Drugs ........................................ 26
INDEX ..................................................................................... 28
v
6. PREFACE
After the second World War the development and emergence of miracle drugs like antibiotics brought a revolution in the medical care. The
obvious effectiveness of these new pharmaceuticals and intensive marketing efforts combined to catalyze wide spread use of modern medicine. A
rapidly growing and profitable industry, together with an enthusiastic but largely uninformed audience and an unregulated market, resulted in
excess of promotion and consumption alowgwith inflated level of expenditure. However, by 1970s it had become clear that least advantageous
nations were not even meeting the basic needs of their people for essential life saving and health promoting drugs. As a result gradually a number
of countries started concentrating on the development of a basic list of reliable drugs to meet the most vital basic needs of their people.
A World Health Organization (WHO) Committee of Experts met in 1977 to determine the number of drugs, which were actually needed to ensure
a reasonable level of health care for as many people as possible. Consequently, the first Model List of Essential Drugs was finalized in the same
year. This list is being updated regularly by the WHO and is intended to be used as a guideline and provide basis for member countries to identify
their own priorities and make their own selection. Through 1970s and 1980s the WHO started promotion of the concept of Essential Drugs
Program in order to redress this imbalance. The program aimed at reduction in the number of drugs purchased/used by the hospitals/institutions to
a minimum possible level in order to make best use of limited public funds.
Essential drugs as defined by WHO are those that satisfy the health care needs of majority of the population. They should therefore be available at
all times in adequate amounts and in the appropriate dosage forms.
The National Essential Drugs List (NEDL) of Pakistan was first prepared in 1994 in consultation with relevant experts. The list was previously
reviewed in 1995 and 2000. The present list is the third revision containing 452 drugs of different pharmacological classes.
The health sector in general and public health sector in particular is expected to seriously consider adopting this list. The provincial health
departments can play a pivotal role to encourage the hospitals/institutions for making bulk purchases from within this list. We hope that this list
will find more acceptance among health care professionals.
Maj. Gen. ® Mohammad Aslam HI (M)
Director General Health
EXPLANATORY NOTES
Letters in parentheses following drug names indicate: (P) for Primary, (S) for Secondary and (T) for Tertiary.
1.
Classification of drugs for use at various levels of Health
Services is as follows:
(P)
PRIMARY: For use at the Primary Health Care Level including Basic Health Units and Rural Health
Centers.
(S)
SECONDARY: For use at the Secondary Health Center Level i.e; hospitals.
(T)
TERTIARY: For use at the specialized and sub-specialized levels for specific expertise diagnostic
precision or special equipment required for proper use.
II. Drugs subject to international controls under :
(1)
Single Convention on Narcotic drugs 1961:
(2)
Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971; and
(3)
Convention on Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988.
III. Special considerations ;
(4)
In renal insufficiency, contraindicated or dosage adjustments necessary;
(5)
To improve compliance;
(6)
Special pharmacokinetic properties;
(7)
Adverse effects diminish benefit/risk ratio;
(8)
Limited indications or narrow spectrum of activity;
(9)
For epidural anaesthesia;
vi
7. (10)
Specific expertise, diagnostic precision, individualization of dosage or special equipment required for
proper use;
(11)
Monitoring of therapeutic concentrations in plasma can improve safety and efficacy;
(12)
COMPLEMENTARY DRUGS: Choice to be made on the basis of cost effectiveness.
IV. When the strength of a drug is specified in terms of a selected salt or ester, this is mentioned in brackets; when it
refers to the active moiety, the name of the salt or ester in brackets is preceded by the word ‘as’.
vii