The Platform for Advanced Characterisation - Grenoble (PAC-G) supports Industrial companies such as Airbus in the qualification of electronic components. For instance, PAC-G helps investigate the threat of the thermal neutrons induced SEU rate at ground level and at aircraft altitudes.
The PAC-G offer an easy access to two high quality neutron facilities dedicated to neutron-induced Single Event Effects (SEE) tests. Fast and Thermal neutron tests are required to assess the reliability of highly integrated devices for critical applications; high energy neutrons can in addition help to prepare proton and heavy ion tests. The PAC-G allows you to have access, on the same site, to a broad spectrum of neutron energies from fast to thermal neutrons (14 MeV, 2.5 MeV and 25 meV).
Decoding Turbulent Chemical Plumes With Improved Signal Processing and Machin...InsideScientific
During this webinar sponsored by Aurora Scientific, Dr. Burgués will discuss how he and his team are leveraging various signal processing and machine learning techniques in order to decode the fine-scale structure of turbulent chemical plumes using low-cost chemical sensors. Specifically, he will discuss three signal processing methods they developed to improve MOX sensor dynamics, and share the experimental setups they used to test their theories. Finally, he will share data from recent experiments and elaborate on the conclusions of their studies and how robotic plume tracking technology might apply to industrial and air quality monitoring, research and more.
For more information, please visit: https://insidescientific.com/webinar/decoding-turbulent-chemical-plumes-improved-signal-processing-machine-learning-aurora-scientific
Applying Photonics to User Needs: The Application ChallengeLarry Smarr
05.02.28
Invited Talk to the 4th Annual On*VECTOR International Photonics Workshop
Sponsored by NTT Network Innovation Laboratories
Title: Applying Photonics to User Needs: The Application Challenge
University of California, San Diego
07.03.13
Opening Talk
Delegation from the Chief of Naval Operations’ Strategic Studies Group: Cyberspace & Maritime Operations in 2030
Title: Towards Telepresence
La Jolla, CA
Decoding Turbulent Chemical Plumes With Improved Signal Processing and Machin...InsideScientific
During this webinar sponsored by Aurora Scientific, Dr. Burgués will discuss how he and his team are leveraging various signal processing and machine learning techniques in order to decode the fine-scale structure of turbulent chemical plumes using low-cost chemical sensors. Specifically, he will discuss three signal processing methods they developed to improve MOX sensor dynamics, and share the experimental setups they used to test their theories. Finally, he will share data from recent experiments and elaborate on the conclusions of their studies and how robotic plume tracking technology might apply to industrial and air quality monitoring, research and more.
For more information, please visit: https://insidescientific.com/webinar/decoding-turbulent-chemical-plumes-improved-signal-processing-machine-learning-aurora-scientific
Applying Photonics to User Needs: The Application ChallengeLarry Smarr
05.02.28
Invited Talk to the 4th Annual On*VECTOR International Photonics Workshop
Sponsored by NTT Network Innovation Laboratories
Title: Applying Photonics to User Needs: The Application Challenge
University of California, San Diego
07.03.13
Opening Talk
Delegation from the Chief of Naval Operations’ Strategic Studies Group: Cyberspace & Maritime Operations in 2030
Title: Towards Telepresence
La Jolla, CA
Medical Imaging - Opportunities for Business Seminar
24/01/12
Session 2 Technology Showcase
Three technologies developed or enhances at the University of Leicester are presented
Overview of unique capabilities of the ADF modeling suite to model properties of organic electronics (charge transport, phosphorescence, light absorbance). Highlighted with examples from the recent literature.
Recent observed environmental changes as well as projections in the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change shed light on likely dramatic consequences of a changing mountain cryosphere following climate change. Some very destructive geological processes are triggered or intensified, influencing the stability of slopes and possibly inducing landslides. Unfortunately, the interaction between these complex processes is poorly understood. This project addresses the key issues in response to such changing conditons: monitoring and warning systems for the spatial and temporal detection of newly forming hazards, as well as extending the quantitative understanding of these changing natural systems and our predictive capabilities.
Explore how SWIR cameras, particularly NIT HiPe SenS, bring benefits for low light and long exposure time applications (Microscopy, Biomedical, Semiconductor Inspection, etc. )
For more information about NIT, please visit: https://new-imaging-technologies.com/ or contact us at info@new-imaging-technologies.com
Performance of waveform cross correlation using a global and regular grid of ...Ivan Kitov
Outline
1.Motivation
2.Global seismic monitoring: IMS
3.Global seismicity: IDC view
4.Global cross correlation grid: a design
5.Cross correlation at teleseismic distances
6.Underground nuclear explosions as master events
7.Synthetic master events
8.Principal and Independent Component Analysis
9.Testing with world seismicity of February 12, 2013
10. DPRK 2013 of February 12, 2013
For the full video of this presentation, please visit:
https://www.embedded-vision.com/platinum-members/embedded-vision-alliance/embedded-vision-training/videos/pages/may-2017-embedded-vision-summit-kim
For more information about embedded vision, please visit:
http://www.embedded-vision.com
Minyoung Kim, Senior Research Engineer at Panasonic Silicon Valley Laboratory, presents the "A Fast Object Detector for ADAS using Deep Learning" tutorial at the May 2017 Embedded Vision Summit.
Object detection has been one of the most important research areas in computer vision for decades. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have led to significant improvement in several machine learning domains, including computer vision, achieving the state-of-the-art performance thanks to their theoretically proven modeling and generalization capabilities. However, it is still challenging to deploy such DNNs on embedded systems, for applications such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), where computation power is limited.
Kim and her team focus on reducing the size of the network and required computations, and thus building a fast, real-time object detection system. They propose a fully convolutional neural network that can achieve at least 45 fps on 640x480 frames with competitive performance. With this network, there is no proposal generation step, which can cause a speed bottleneck; instead, a single forward propagation of the network approximates the locations of objects directly.
Introductory slides for workshop at George Washington University: ADF for molecular properties, BAND for periodic DFT, DFTB for large electronic structure calculations and ReaxFF for molecular dynamics. Get started with the excellent graphical interface.
Neutron Imaging and Tomography with Medipix2 and Dental Microroentgenography:...IJAEMSJORNAL
An over view of Neutron Imaging and Tomography (NIT) with Medipix2 and Dental Micro-roentgenography have been presented in this article. This over view confined to semiconductor detector Medipix2, neutron radiography and tomography and dental microroentgenography. Medipix2 is a pixel-based detector technology employed to measure charge particles, photons (visible through gammas) and neutron. Neutron Beam for this technology are LVR-15 Research Reactor ( 107 n/cm2 s) and Spallation neutron source ( 3×106n/cm2 s) .This technology has been verified with photograph and neutronogram of a relay and photograph and tomographic 3D reconstruction of a bullet cartidge, tooth and fishing thread. Comparison of spatial resolution among different imagers also has been presented.
A Campus-Scale High Performance Cyberinfrastructure is Required for Data-Int...Larry Smarr
11.12.12
Seminar Presentation
Princeton Institute for Computational Science and Engineering (PICSciE)
Princeton University
Title: A Campus-Scale High Performance Cyberinfrastructure is Required for Data-Intensive Research
Princeton, NJ
Monitoring of offshore turbines for design and O&M: an overview of the activi...Pieter Jan Jordaens
The Offshore Wind Infrastructure Application Lab (OWI-Lab; more info on www.owi-lab.be) develops innovative mid- and long-term structural health monitoring solutions (SHM) for offshore wind turbines.The motivation is gaining the insights that are crucial to minimize construction and installations costs for future offshore wind farms and to extend the life time of existing structures and reduce their operation and maintenance costs. This poster gives an overview of the work done so far which are validated, tested and ready for the market: Periodic Design Verification; Grout Monitoring; Dynamic Monitoring; Life Time Assessment; Performance Monitoring
The Performance of a Cylindrical Microstrip Printed Antenna for TM10 Mode as...ijngnjournal
A temperature is one of the parameters that have a great effect on the performance of microstrip antennas for TM10 mode at 2.4 GHz frequency range. The effect of temperature on a resonance frequency, input impedance, voltage standing wave ratio, and return loss on the performance of a cylindrical microstrip printed antenna is studied in this paper. The effect of temperature on electric and magnetic fields are also studied. Three different substrate materials RT/duroid-5880 PTFE, K-6098 Teflon/Glass, and Epsilam-10 ceramic-filled Teflon are used for verifying the new model.
On the applicability of some existing tropospheric scintillation prediction ...IJECEIAES
Tropospheric scintillation which causes rapid fluctuation of signal due to the turbulence in the atmosphere is of significance in satellite link budget design. Existing models that predict the intensity of scintillation such as Karasawa, International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication (ITU-R) Sector, Otung, Van de Kamp and Ortgies are not appropriate for predicting scintillation intensity (SI) in Nigeria due to localization of the models to particular regions. The monthly average air temperature and relative humidity for Ikeja and Abuja, Nigeria, retrieved from the Nigerian Meteorological Centre data bank were used for the investigation. An elevation angle of 5° was used as look angle, antenna diameter of 0.3 m, 40 GHz and 45 GHz frequencies were considered in this study. The existing scintillation model values were then compared with the measured values for the two locations to determine the best performance model. The SI results at 40 GHz and 45 GHz were obtained for each of the existing models. It could be deduced from the results obtained that orgies model values were the most closet to the measured values. Therefore, Orgies-N model was the most appropriate for SI prediction in Ikeja and Abuja.
Medical Imaging - Opportunities for Business Seminar
24/01/12
Session 2 Technology Showcase
Three technologies developed or enhances at the University of Leicester are presented
Overview of unique capabilities of the ADF modeling suite to model properties of organic electronics (charge transport, phosphorescence, light absorbance). Highlighted with examples from the recent literature.
Recent observed environmental changes as well as projections in the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change shed light on likely dramatic consequences of a changing mountain cryosphere following climate change. Some very destructive geological processes are triggered or intensified, influencing the stability of slopes and possibly inducing landslides. Unfortunately, the interaction between these complex processes is poorly understood. This project addresses the key issues in response to such changing conditons: monitoring and warning systems for the spatial and temporal detection of newly forming hazards, as well as extending the quantitative understanding of these changing natural systems and our predictive capabilities.
Explore how SWIR cameras, particularly NIT HiPe SenS, bring benefits for low light and long exposure time applications (Microscopy, Biomedical, Semiconductor Inspection, etc. )
For more information about NIT, please visit: https://new-imaging-technologies.com/ or contact us at info@new-imaging-technologies.com
Performance of waveform cross correlation using a global and regular grid of ...Ivan Kitov
Outline
1.Motivation
2.Global seismic monitoring: IMS
3.Global seismicity: IDC view
4.Global cross correlation grid: a design
5.Cross correlation at teleseismic distances
6.Underground nuclear explosions as master events
7.Synthetic master events
8.Principal and Independent Component Analysis
9.Testing with world seismicity of February 12, 2013
10. DPRK 2013 of February 12, 2013
For the full video of this presentation, please visit:
https://www.embedded-vision.com/platinum-members/embedded-vision-alliance/embedded-vision-training/videos/pages/may-2017-embedded-vision-summit-kim
For more information about embedded vision, please visit:
http://www.embedded-vision.com
Minyoung Kim, Senior Research Engineer at Panasonic Silicon Valley Laboratory, presents the "A Fast Object Detector for ADAS using Deep Learning" tutorial at the May 2017 Embedded Vision Summit.
Object detection has been one of the most important research areas in computer vision for decades. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have led to significant improvement in several machine learning domains, including computer vision, achieving the state-of-the-art performance thanks to their theoretically proven modeling and generalization capabilities. However, it is still challenging to deploy such DNNs on embedded systems, for applications such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), where computation power is limited.
Kim and her team focus on reducing the size of the network and required computations, and thus building a fast, real-time object detection system. They propose a fully convolutional neural network that can achieve at least 45 fps on 640x480 frames with competitive performance. With this network, there is no proposal generation step, which can cause a speed bottleneck; instead, a single forward propagation of the network approximates the locations of objects directly.
Introductory slides for workshop at George Washington University: ADF for molecular properties, BAND for periodic DFT, DFTB for large electronic structure calculations and ReaxFF for molecular dynamics. Get started with the excellent graphical interface.
Neutron Imaging and Tomography with Medipix2 and Dental Microroentgenography:...IJAEMSJORNAL
An over view of Neutron Imaging and Tomography (NIT) with Medipix2 and Dental Micro-roentgenography have been presented in this article. This over view confined to semiconductor detector Medipix2, neutron radiography and tomography and dental microroentgenography. Medipix2 is a pixel-based detector technology employed to measure charge particles, photons (visible through gammas) and neutron. Neutron Beam for this technology are LVR-15 Research Reactor ( 107 n/cm2 s) and Spallation neutron source ( 3×106n/cm2 s) .This technology has been verified with photograph and neutronogram of a relay and photograph and tomographic 3D reconstruction of a bullet cartidge, tooth and fishing thread. Comparison of spatial resolution among different imagers also has been presented.
A Campus-Scale High Performance Cyberinfrastructure is Required for Data-Int...Larry Smarr
11.12.12
Seminar Presentation
Princeton Institute for Computational Science and Engineering (PICSciE)
Princeton University
Title: A Campus-Scale High Performance Cyberinfrastructure is Required for Data-Intensive Research
Princeton, NJ
Monitoring of offshore turbines for design and O&M: an overview of the activi...Pieter Jan Jordaens
The Offshore Wind Infrastructure Application Lab (OWI-Lab; more info on www.owi-lab.be) develops innovative mid- and long-term structural health monitoring solutions (SHM) for offshore wind turbines.The motivation is gaining the insights that are crucial to minimize construction and installations costs for future offshore wind farms and to extend the life time of existing structures and reduce their operation and maintenance costs. This poster gives an overview of the work done so far which are validated, tested and ready for the market: Periodic Design Verification; Grout Monitoring; Dynamic Monitoring; Life Time Assessment; Performance Monitoring
The Performance of a Cylindrical Microstrip Printed Antenna for TM10 Mode as...ijngnjournal
A temperature is one of the parameters that have a great effect on the performance of microstrip antennas for TM10 mode at 2.4 GHz frequency range. The effect of temperature on a resonance frequency, input impedance, voltage standing wave ratio, and return loss on the performance of a cylindrical microstrip printed antenna is studied in this paper. The effect of temperature on electric and magnetic fields are also studied. Three different substrate materials RT/duroid-5880 PTFE, K-6098 Teflon/Glass, and Epsilam-10 ceramic-filled Teflon are used for verifying the new model.
On the applicability of some existing tropospheric scintillation prediction ...IJECEIAES
Tropospheric scintillation which causes rapid fluctuation of signal due to the turbulence in the atmosphere is of significance in satellite link budget design. Existing models that predict the intensity of scintillation such as Karasawa, International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication (ITU-R) Sector, Otung, Van de Kamp and Ortgies are not appropriate for predicting scintillation intensity (SI) in Nigeria due to localization of the models to particular regions. The monthly average air temperature and relative humidity for Ikeja and Abuja, Nigeria, retrieved from the Nigerian Meteorological Centre data bank were used for the investigation. An elevation angle of 5° was used as look angle, antenna diameter of 0.3 m, 40 GHz and 45 GHz frequencies were considered in this study. The existing scintillation model values were then compared with the measured values for the two locations to determine the best performance model. The SI results at 40 GHz and 45 GHz were obtained for each of the existing models. It could be deduced from the results obtained that orgies model values were the most closet to the measured values. Therefore, Orgies-N model was the most appropriate for SI prediction in Ikeja and Abuja.
This paper analyses the temperature sensitivity of Silicon Nanowire Transistor (SiNWT) depends on the diameter (D.ch) of channel. In addition, it also investigates the possibility of utilizing SiNWT as a Nano- temperature sensor. The MuGFET simulation tool has been utilized to conduct a comprehensive simulation to evaluate both electrical and temperature characteristics of SiNWT. Current-voltage characteristics with different values of temperature and with a varying diameter of the Nano wire channel (D.ch = 80, 40, 20 and 10 nm), were simulated. Diode operating mode connection of the transistor is suggested for measuring the temperature sensitivity of SiNWT. As simulation results demonstrated, the best temperature sensitivity was occurred at lower temperature with increasing the channel diameter. We also illustrate the impact of varying temperature and channel diameter on electrical characteristics of SiNWT including, Subthreshold Swing (SS), Threshold voltage (V.th), and Drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), which were proportionally increased with the operating temperature.
Impact of the temperature and humidity variations on link quality of xm1000 m...ijasuc
The core motivations of deploying a sensor network for a specific application come from the autonomy of
sensors, their reduced size, and their capabilities for computing and communicating in a short range.
However, many challenges for sensor networks still exist: minimizing energy consumptions, and ensuring
the performance of communication that may be affected by many parameters. The work described in this
paper covers mainly the analysis of the impact of the temperature and humidity variations on link quality of
XM1000 operating under TinyOS. Two-way ANOVA test has been applied and the obtained results show
that both the temperature and humidity variations impact RSSI.
The Time and Frequency Laboratory of the Hellenic Institute of Metrology (EIM)eimgreece
1. Continuous and reliable local representation of Universal Coordinated Time - UTC(EIM).
2. Contribution to Temps Atomique International (TAI).
3. Reliable and continuous distribution of reference frequencies.
4. Traceability to the international standards.
5. Broadcast of standard time and frequency signals inside and outside EIM facilities.
Quick scanning X-ray microscopy at the European Synchrotron (ESRF) in Grenoble is a fast, non destructive, quantitative technique to measure all components of strain tensor in a matrix.
Source Drain contact depostion for microelectronics is a complex process. Ultrathin polycrystalline films are usually formed and they are difficult to characterise. 3D reciprocal space mapping allows to characterise with one image the phases, texture and grain orientation.
X-ray reflectivity is a very effective technique giving information on thickness, electron density and roughness of wafer bonding interfaces. The synchrotron X-ray beam allows to perform XRR in transmission mode and have information even from very thin layers with very low electron desity materials (like water). This technique is available as a service at the PAC-G.
Combined X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence allows researchers to optimize the performance of
multi-layered, post-fabricated organic photovoltaic devices doped with gold nanoparticles.
A new solution has been developed thanks to PAC-G to characterise 3D integration systems, which aims to make devices smaller.
STMicroelectronics has worked with a team of researchers from the CEA-Leti and the ESRF - The European Synchrotron, using synchrotron tomographies contrast.
Computed tomography techniques offer good information about the voids present in the pillars and, in the case of synchrotron radiation, also about the intermetallic shapes.
More from Platform for Advanced Characterisation Grenoble (PAC-G) (7)
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
PAC-Grenoble: Radiation hardness testing, Industry Case Study: Airbus
1. I N S T I T U T D E R E C H E R C H E T E C H N O L O G I Q U E
Platform for Advanced Characterisation – Grenoble (PAC-G)
Cécile Weulersse (Airbus)
Sabrine Houssany, Nicolas Guibbaud, Jaime Segura-Ruiz, Jérôme Beaucour, Florent Miller and Maria-Magdalena Mazurek
Contribution of Thermal Neutrons to Soft Error Rate
Technique: Neutron radiation
hardness testing
Industrial case study
2. Page 2
1. Context
2. Environments
3. Radiation testing
4. Soft error rates & contributions
5. Conclusion
At ground
Aircraft
Devices
Facilities
Cross-sections
What we offer
Why Neutron Radiation hardness Testing?
Neutron-induced single event effects (SEE) and
radiation hardness testing facilities of the PAC-G
offer you a homogeneous and adjustable neutron
flux, with a precise dosimetry and radioprotection to
ensure your safety during the tests.
Industrial Case Study
Complementary service:
2D & 3D imaging available to complement
your device characterisation. Imaging with neutrons
or synchrotron X-rays offer non-destructive
measurements of packaged devices.
+
Click here for more info: download
3. 1. Context
Page 3
S.-J. Wen et al, “B10 finding and correlation to thermal neutron soft error rate sensitivity for SRAMs in the sub-mciron technology”, IEEE 2010.
Y.-P. Fang and A. S. Oates, “Thermal neutron-induced soft errors in advanced memory and logic devices, IEE T-DMR 2014.
Reintroduction of 10B in sub-65nm devices, due to the use of
B2H6 or BCl3 carrier gas in processing tungsten plug
Recent increase in thermal neutron SER
Thermal neutron energies <0.4 eV (peak at ~25meV)
During 1990s, thermal neutrons were a significant source of soft errors (8X)
IC manufacturers removed BPSG (or 10B in BPSG)
Isotope Boron-10 has the largest cross-section
(> several order than others) and can fission into highly
ionizing secondaries (7Li recoil nucleus and alpha)
4. FinFET
TSMC**
*N. Seifert et al, “Soft Error Rate improvements in 14nm technology featuring 2nd generation 3D tri-gate transistors,” IEEE TNS, 2015.
**Y.-P. Fang and A. S. Oates, “Characterization of single bit and multiple cell soft error events in planar and FinFET SRAMs,” 2016.
***H. Zhang, Thermal neutron-induced soft-error rates for flip-flop designs in 16-nm bulk FinFET technology, IRPS 2017.
14nm FinFET SER , Intel* FF designs in 16nm FinFET***
Page 4
Based on published data, from 10 to 30% contribution of thermal-neutron-induced SER
for FinFET devices at sea level (depending on 10B containment, critical charge values,
FF design…)
Objectives: to investigate the threat of the thermal neutrons induced SEU rate
at ground level and at aircraft altitudes
10%
2-3%
8-20% 30%
1. Context
5. Thermal neutron (nther) flux scales with latitude and
longitude in a manner similar to the high energy
neutron (nHEN) flux
Dependent on surrounding environment 2X
variation outdoors
Page 5
*M. S. Gordon et al, “Measurement of the flux and energy spectrum of cosmic-ray induced neutrons on the ground,” IEEE TNS, 2004.
Measured neutron spectra*
Range of
thermal
neutrons
Average flux at sea level: 6.5 nther/cm2/h (JESD89A)
Moreover, the thermal flux is more quickly attenuated by building materials than is for the
high energy neutron flux, except in the case of a small amount of material.
2. Environment - At ground
ratio nther / nHEN = 0.5
6. Neutron fluxes at various locations
in a Boeing-747 ( Dyer’s simulations)**
Page 6
*IEC 62396-5, “Process management for avionics – Atmospheric radiation effects – Part 5: Assessment of thermal neutron fluxes and single event effects in avionics systems”.
**Dyer et al, “Monte Carlo calculations of the influence on aircraft radiation environments of structures and Solar Particle Events,” IEEE TNS, 2001.
2. Environment - Aircraft
IEC* proposes an average value between simulations and measurements:
Conservative approach recommended by IEC* (in case of devices which may contain 10B
and have not been tested under nther):
ratio nther / nHEN = 1.1 (inside aircraft)
SER (nther+nHEN) = 7.6 x SER nHEN
At aircraft altitude (12 km)
But, high flux variations inside an aircraft due to the
presence of hydrogenous materials that thermalize the
nHEN flux. The thermal fraction may increase by 12X
(based on simulations).
ratio nther / nHEN = 0.1 – 0. 25 (outside)
7. Page 7
Confirm the drastic increase of thermal neutron flux
Worst case ratio nther / nHEN = 2.8 (similar to Dyer’s simulations)
Bounding of the thermal neutron enhancement
Ratio
Dyer (2001) MULASSIS
Cockpit
Worst case
Composite layers
Worst case
Middle of a 40cm
kerosene layer
< 𝟏𝒆𝑽
> 𝟏𝟎𝑴𝒆𝑽 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍
2.5 3.1 0.4
𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒗. 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒆𝑽
> 𝟏𝟎𝑴𝒆𝑽 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍
/ 2.8 0.4
𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒗. 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒆𝑽
> 𝟏𝟎𝑴𝒆𝑽 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍
1.75
(< 1 eV)
2.8 0.6
Simple 1D simulations using MULASSIS (based on Geant4)
2. Environment - Aircraft
9. 63 MeV protons – UCL - Belgium
Spallation neutron source – ANITA - TSL - Sweden
Thermal neutrons – ILL-D50 - Grenoble - France
Platform for Advanced Characterisation (PAC-G) instrument D50
In our experiments
- Flux 1-3x107 neutrons/cm2/s
- Fluence up to 1x1011 neutrons/cm2
- Spot size of 100 mm2
Page 9
Maximum flux
around 13 meV
3. Radiation testing - Facilities
10. The thermal sensitivity is high on the most advanced device.
SEU cross section
(cm2/bit)
Thermal neutrons
25.8 meV
(ILL-D50)
60 MeV protons
(UCL)
Atmospheric
neutrons
(TSL*)
Ratio
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒆𝒖𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒔
𝑯𝒊𝒈𝒉−𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒏𝒆𝒖𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒔
90 nm SRAM 3.9x10-16 1.5 x10-14 / 0.03
45 nm CLB 2.7 x10-15 9.6 x10-15 9.8 x10-15** 0.3
45 nm BRAM 1.2 x10-14 2.2 x10-14 2.4 x10-14** 0.5
28nm µprocessor
(cache cells)
9.4 x10-15 6.8 x10-15 / 1.4
*Specified to be a low thermal neutron flux (<1% of the integrated flux)
**Based on neutrons > 10 MeV
Page 10
3. Radiation testing - Cross-sections
11. SER (FIT/Mbit)
at sea level
Thermal neutron contribution to neutron SER
Thermal
neutrons
High-energy
neutrons
At sea level
At 40,000 feet (12 km) inside
aircraft
90 nm SRAM 3 195* 1% 3%*
45 nm CLB 17 125 12% 24%
45 nm BRAM 75 290 21% 37%
28 nm µprocessor
(cache cells)
61
88*
136**
41%*
31%**
60%*
50%**
*Based on high-energy neutron flux >10 MeV for * and >1 MeV for **
Page 11
ratio of 1.1ratio of 0.5
For 28 nm µprocessor, thermal neutron SER contributes to
30-40% at sea level,
50-60% in aircraft.
4. Soft error rates & contributions
12. • We verify the significant thermalisation of the neutron flux inside of airliners
• We confirm the sub-65nm thermal neutron sensitivity that should not be neglect.
• Based on 1.1 ratio, 50-60% contribution from thermal neutrons, could be higher if used
the ratio of 2,8 obtained in simulations
• IEC is still very conservative due to 2 sources of uncertainty regarding thermal neutron SER:
• Different sensitivity among devices,
• Very distinct radiation environments inside aircrafts:
requires measurements at specific locations.
Page 12
5. Conclusion
13. Kalvin Buckley and Jaime Segura of ILL - Institut Laue–Langevin
Part of this study was funded by the DEMETER project (ENIAC/ECSEL JU
funding).
Part of the beamtime on D50 was allocated by the IRT Nanoelec, supported by the
French State in the frame of the program “Investissements d’Avenir”, under the
reference ANR-10-AIRT-05.
The industrial company
Link to the article: Weulersse C., Houssany S., Guibbaud N., Segura-Ruiz J., Beaucour J., Miller F., Mazurek M. - Contribution of thermal neutrons to soft error rate -
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (2018). https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8309271/
Page 13
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