Zibens aizsardzība ar CVM metodi, labā prakse un risinājumi. Risinājumi sarežģītiem objektiem

Welcome to a Presentation on
Lightning Protection
Grounding
Surge Protection

Facility
Electrical
Protection

ERICO Approach to
Facility Electrical Protection
Grounding and
Bonding
Surge
Protection
Lightning
Protection

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
ERICO SIX POINT PLAN
1. Capture the lightning strike
2. Convey this energy to ground
3. Dissipate the energy into the grounding system
4. Bond all ground points together
5. Protect incoming AC power feeders
6. Protect low voltage data/telecommunication circuits
4

DIRECT STRIKE PROTECTION
8
1 2

9
1

Lighting strike density (measured in flashes/km²/year).
(map created by NASA)

Understanding the Lightning Discharge
Cloud electrification –
charge particle separation,
quasi static E Field est.
between cloud & ground
Downleader approaches, E
Field increases to point of
initiation of upward streamers
Upward leader propagates
toward downleader to
complete ionised path
between cloud & ground

ERICO Approaches to
Lightning Protection
Conventional
Rods and Tapes
FRENCH
Standard ESE
Terminals
ERICO’s
SYSTEM 3000
DYNASPHERE
and ERICORE

Two aspects:
1. Physical hardware (lightning rods, air
terminals) to capture the strike.
2. Method of Placement of the
hardware on structures to achieve the
desired interception efficiency or
“protection level”.
Lightning Capture

Lightning Capture –
Interception efficiency
Protection
Level
Interception
efficiency
I 99%
II 97%
III 91%
IV 84%
We can’t have a 100% efficient LPS
– we need to choose a percentage
level to design our system to

CONVENTIONAL
RODS AND TAPES
ERICO’s
SYSTEM 2000

Protection Angle Method
 Included in IEC 62305, (BS6651, CP33), NFPA780
and a number of other Standards

Mesh Method
Protection
Level
Mesh Spacing
(m)
I 5 x 5
II 10 x 10
III 15 x 15
IV 20 x 20

Rolling Sphere Method
 Used in IEC62305 (IEC61024), NFPA780, AS1768,
(BS6651, CP33) and other Standards

The Rolling Sphere Method
 This method links two
important parameters of the
lightning stroke to a structure:
peak current, Ip
striking distance, ds
Striking distance is
related to intensity of
subsequent discharge
Downward moving
stepped leader
Upward leader
3 16
10 40
30 100
100 250
Discharge Striking
Current (kA) Distance (m)
ds
ds = 10 Ip
0.65

Peak current distribution
 Peak current and its distribution is better known
 Used to obtain interception efficiencies or “protection
levels”
(% of flashes
that would
deliver a current
greater than the
specified value)

PPrrootteeccttiioonn
lleevveell
MMiinn.. ppeeaakk
ccuurrrreenntt ((kkAA))
SSpphheerree
rraaddiiuuss ((mm))
II 22..99 2200
IIII 55..44 3300
IIIIII 1100..11 4455
IIVV 1155..77 6600

FRENCH Standard
ESE Terminals
ERICO’s
SYSTEM 1000

NFC17-102 – Lab Set-up
AIR GAP
AIR
TERMINAL
VOLTAGE
DIVIDER
OVERHEAD PLANE ELECTRODE
WATER
RESISTOR
H.V.
D.C.
GENERATOR
H.V.
IMPULSE
GENERATOR

NFC17-102 Application
ERITECH SI is applied in
accordance to NFC17-102.
T measured in Lab. Test defined by
NFC17-102
Simple Linear Function of L = v * T
Protection Radius Rp proportional to
the value of L

ERICO’s SYSTEM 3000
DYNASPHERE
Air Terminal,
ERICORE
Downconductor,
Collection
Volume Method

Collection Volume Method
Striking distance is
related to intensity of
subsequent discharge
Downward moving
stepped leader
Upward leader
3 16
10 40
30 100
100 250
Discharge Striking
Current (kA) Distance (m)
ds
ds = 10 Ip
0.65
Rolling Sphere
Method
Collection
Volume Method
ds = function { Ki, Ip }

 Assumes Striking Distance is the same for all
structures and all points on structures (strikes
the closest point)
 Not consistent with field observations:
 > 90% of strikes are to corners or other pointed
features
 overwhelming evidence that strikes are to
points of highest electric field intensification

Collection Volume Method
 Applied to 3D structures from original work of
Dr A.J. Eriksson (1979, 1987)
 The CVM is simply a physically-based,
improved Electrogeometric Model.
 Improved striking distance relationship:
ds = function (Ki, Ip)
where Ki is the field intensification factor near
the prospective strike point (structure,
structural feature or air terminal).

Electric field intensification
Electric field is the most important
parameter in lightning protection …
The “field intensification factor” at a
point of interest is the ratio of electric
field at that point to the unperturbed or
“ambient” value of the field due to the
thundercloud and downward leader.

Electric field intensification
Intensification of the E-field is a function of the
geometry’s height and degree of sharpness

Application of CVM
to practical structures
Electric field modelling of 3D structures

Application of CVM
to practical structures
(a) Key parameters
 downward leader charge or peak current
 field intensification
factor
 velocity ratio
 site altitude
(b) Example of
CVM design
output

Application of the CVM to
3D Structures

DYNASPHERE Enhanced Air
Terminal
In the ERICO S3000, we apply the
Collection Volume Method with the
DYNASPHERE Air Terminal

DYNASPHERE Enhanced Air
Terminal
How does it
work ?

Minimise Pre-Corona
- Effect of space charge
Etip
Space Charge
Cloud (or Downward Leader)
Ic
Corona
formation
Excess space
charge due to:
 Corona from
sharp points;
 Failed streamer-
leader initiation
attempts.
 Etip is reduced
by up to 75%
 Results in
Delayed Leader
initiation
Source:
Allen & Faircloth (1998),
and references therein

Static
Thunderstorm
Phase
Minimises Corona

Dynamic
Thunderstorm
Phase
Voltage builds up on
the dome

Geometry + trigger
 E-field issues
Static conditions Dynamic conditions

Controlled
Triggering
Streamer
Phase
Triggering arc
causes upward
intercepting leader

Geometry  Corona issues
 Different tip radii to
cater for three,
broad structure
height ranges:
A. H = 0 – 20 metres
B. H = 21 – 50 metres
C. H = 51+ metres
AB C

Optimised trigger time
-500
0
500
1000
0 50 100 150 200
Trigger times for Dynasphere Mk4 with AIU
* C ~ 7 + 9 pF
* Air gap, g = 5, 4 & 3 mm
(for H = 0-20, 21-50 & 51+ m)
* AIU parameters "10+3" M, 5 kV
Negative trigger time => early trigger
Calculations performed for:
* structure width of 40 m
* discharge for typical P.L. (~91%)
Structure height (m)
Relativetriggertime(s)

Field validation of the CVM
So far, two unprecedented, long-term
studies have been conducted, namely:
Hong Kong, 1988 – 1996  verification
of the attractive radius model (1)
Malaysia, 1990 – 2003  quantification
of interception efficiency (2)

Field validation: Hong Kong
 Aim: to assess Eriksson’s attractive radius model
 Analysis of lightning strike data for a sample of 161
structures in Hong Kong over a period of 8 years
 Result: excellent agreement between the observed
strike data and the predictions of Eriksson’s
attractive radius model
 Full details of method and results can be found in:
Petrov, N.I. & D’Alessandro, F., 2002, “Assessment of
protection system positioning and models using
observations of lightning strikes to structures”, Proc. Roy.
Soc. Lond. A, vol. 458, pp. 723-742.

 The study comprised a statistically valid sample
of buildings, mainly in Klang Valley region of
Kuala Lumpur
 High lightning area – average flash density in this
region is ~ 20 flashes/km2/yr
 Buildings has proprietary LPS’s installed, with
“lightning event counters” (LEC) to record flashes
 58 sites, with 1 – 10 blocks or buildings per site
 86 separate LPS’s
Field validation: Malaysia

 Conclusion:
“The results show that there is a highly significant positive
correlation between the observational data and the number
of strikes expected from the application of the theoretical
models. Finally, the observed and expected values for the
mean interception efficiency of the lightning protection
systems in the study are shown to be in good agreement.”
 Full details of method and results can be found in:
Field validation: Malaysia
D’Alessandro, F. & Petrov, N.I., 2005, “Field study on the
interception efficiency of lightning protection systems and
comparison with models”, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A,
(doi:10.1098/rspa.2005.1625).

Conclusions
 The CVM demonstrates that more cost-
effective LPS’s can be achieved with more
detailed calculations involving electric field
intensification. The main features are:
 Scientific basis - verification of the basic model
and interception efficiency via long-term field
studies;
 Gives the user the most cost-effective system
within risk management principles;
 Calculations are made easy with software.

PENTAIR
CVM Study by TÜV
Continuation of ERICO studies
• Objective:
– Verify methodology used for CVM
(Collection Volume Method)
• Location:
– Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Time Frame:
– 2010 through 2012
• Participants:
– Pentair, ERICO brand
– TÜV-Hessen
– Case Western Reserve University

PENTAIR
CVM Study by TÜV
Proven Solution
• Data:
– 24 sites
– Collected by TÜV-Hessen
– System 3000 installations
• Dynasphere
• ERICORE
• Lightning Event Counters
– Designs developed utilizing ERICO LPSD 3.0

PENTAIR
CVM Study by TÜV
Trusted National Data
• Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)
– Malaysian national utility
• Operates a lightning detection network across Malaysia
– Average number of ground flashes per square kilometer
provided in different areas during this study
– Data was correlated to the study to confirm accuracy of the
recorded LEC events

PENTAIR
CVM Study by TÜV
• Flash Density:
– Average ground flash density for the locations in the area of the study

PENTAIR
CVM Study by TÜV
Backed by statistical analysis
• Considerations:
– For a valid statistical analysis a minimum of 30 data points are required.
This would be impractical to study a single building for 30+ years.
– Data from the 24 sites was combined into one data set to achieve the
equivalent of 37 years of exposure to a single building.
– After adjusting to the above conditions the results indicated that there
were 3 bypasses in 32.3 observed lightning events.
– Fractional Poisson process model for predicting the average strikes per
year was utilized for the study

PENTAIR
CVM Study by TÜV
Adjusted for statistical accuracy
Description Result
Number of sites 24
Weighted average height of buildings, hweighted 70.1 meters
Total exposure time, ttotal 37 years
Average exposure times, 𝑡total 1.54 years
Sum of individual number of flashes, Fobserved 29.3
Sum of individual number of bypasses, Bobserved 3
Sum of individual number of events, ∑Nd-observed 32.3
Average number of events per year, Nd-observed 0.873

PENTAIR
CVM Study by TÜV
Confirmed!
Observed vs Theoretical

PENTAIR
CVM Study by TÜV
Proven with data not false claims
• Confirmation of past studies
• Incredible results
• Fractional Poisson distribution improves predicted lightning strike data
• Collection Volume Method independently confirmed

64
2

DOWNCONDUCTORS
Rod and Tape
non-insulated
conductors
Specialty
insulated
conductors

DOWNCONDUCTORS
Rod and Tape
non-insulated
conductors

DOWNCONDUCTORS
Specialty
insulated
conductors

PENTAIR
SEPARATION DISTANCE
The IEC Protection by
Isolation concept
avoids electrifying the
telecoms mast, but here
requires a separate mast
to achieve this
ISODC

PENTAIR
INTRODUCING ISODC
The IEC Protection by
Isolation concept
Using ISODC avoids
electrifying the telecoms
mast and DOES NOT
require a separate mast
to achieve this!
ISODC

PENTAIR
In order to do this, the ISODC cable must
…provide an equivalent electrical separation
distance to the air breakdown distance…
INTRODUCING ISODC
ISODC

PENTAIR
CABLE TESTING PROCEDURE
If the parallel air gap breaks down repeatedly before the cable, then the
equivalent safety distance of the cable is greater than the air gap distance.
ISODC

PENTAIR
Possible Arrangement - Tower
We can:
• Bypass the Antennas
• Bypass the Remote Radio
Heads
• Then Connect to Tower
ISODC

Dynasphere installation
427m high Central Plaza
Building Hong
Kong
Was the world’s 4th
Tallest Building

Competing up-leader
formation
Down Leader
Dynasphere
Up Leader
Central Plaza Bld
Hong Kong

Active air terminal
protecting a fuel storage tank

Active air terminal protecting
petrochemical processing facility

Active air terminal protecting
various facilities

Some challenges the designer may encounter…
• No continuous columns at the corners or around
the perimeter.
• Inadequate number of columns.
• Pre-cast concrete sections.
• Lack of useful structure to mount air terminals.
• Appearance issues
• Need for area protection
Design Challenges

Buildings With Inadequate Columns
• No continuous columns at the corners or around the perimeter.
• Inadequate number or columns.
• Pre-cast concrete sections.
Design Challenges

Buildings with protruding side features
• Balconies
• Cantilevered constructions
Design Challenges

 The main structure of the museum is elevated by six structural
support columns.
 These were insufficient in number to comply with the requirements
of IEC 62305.
 No suitable cable routing paths over the glass facade.
Porsche Museum – Design
Challenge

ERICO SYSTEM 3000 was used
as it offered sufficient capture
radius and an effective, low-
impedance conductor to ground.
Porsche Museum – Design Solution
The foundation
footings were
incorporated in the
lightning earthing
system.

Dr. Chau Chak Wing Building
(University of Technology Sydney)
Famed architect Frank Gehry is known worldwide for his unique,
contemporary style across a variety of building types. He is best known for
designing the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain; Walt Disney
Concert Hall in Los Angeles; and the Experience Music Project in Seattle,
among other famous works.

Dr. Chau Chak Wing Building
(University of Technology Sydney)
 ERICO System 3000 Protects
Architect Frank Gehry’s Unique
320,000 Brick Building From
Lightning Strikes
 Unique Facade Creates An
Unconventional Lightning
Protection Challenge
 The structure stands tall at 12
stories high, yet has only one
straight column supporting the
entire building. Furthermore, the
longest unbroken column is only
13.98 meters long

QUESTIONS?
SURGE PROTECTION 90

GROUNDING AND BONDING
91
3 4

92
3

Characteristics
A good grounding system:
• has a low resistance path into ground.
• The lower the resistance the more likely
lightning, surge and fault currents will flow
safely to and dissipated to ground
• does not deteriorate over time.
• A grounding system must resist corrosion
and be capable of repeatedly carrying high
currents.
Typically, a life in excess of 30 years!

Ideally, zero ohms resistance
• Some standards require a single electrode, of specified
dimensions
• Others want a figure below a specified value
• NEC < 25
• Telecom < 5
• Power < 1
• Combination of the above
Goal is practical and dependant on governing factors
• Physical limitations of the site
• An economic solution
What is a good
ground?

Grounding
Chain
- Grounding Conductor
- Grounding Connections
- Grounding Electrode
- Electrode to Soil Resistance
- Soil

Soil Resistivity
•Soil Resistivity must be carefully
considered, including moisture content
temperature and seasons.
•Soil Resistivity is measured to determine
information necessary to design and build
an electrode system:
• Copper = 1.72 x 10-8 ohm.m
• GEM = 0.12 ohm.m
• Bentonite = 2.5 ohm.m (typical)
• Concrete = 30 to 90 ohm.m
• Sand (moist) = 300 ohm.m
• Gravel (moist) = 500 ohm.m
• Sand (dry) = 1000 ohm.m
• Stoney soil = 30,000 ohm.m
Ground Resistivity
Measurement (at depth a)
(a) = 2 x  x a x R (measured
resistance)

Grounding
Chain
- Electrode to Soil Resistance

ELECTRODE TO SOIL
Grounding
Chain

Grounding
Chain
- Grounding Electrode

Material Choices
GROUND RODS (Electrodes)

Comparison of life expectancy
15
35
45
50
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Years
Zinc Galvanized Copperbonded
Steel (10 mil )
Copperbonded
Steel (13 mil )
Stainless Steel
Life Expectancy
GROUND RODS (Electrodes)
(0.25 mm) (0.33 mm)

NEGRP – Galvanized Rods
Pawnee
Site
Lone Mountain
Pecos

NEGRP – Copper Bonded
There was no corrosion along the length of the
rod, only at the end where ¾” of the tip was
corroded away.
Pawnee

Grounding
Chain
- Grounding Connections

MECHANICAL CONNECTORS
Grounding
Chain
Although quick to apply,
suffer from the following
disadvantages:
• Tends to loosen
• Corrosion in the connection
interface

Introduction to
CADWELD
Mechanical joints will deteriorate
over time and if not maintained,
eventually fail.

Introduction to
Cadweld
Cadweld – a process to make exothermic
welded connections
Cadweld provides a simple on site welding connection
without requiring external power, equipment or special
training normally associated with welding or brazing
Exothermic – a chemical reaction which gives off
heat as the reaction takes place
3Cu2O + 2Al  6Cu + Al2O3 + Heat (2537oC)

How is a
CADWELD
Connection
done?
Introduction to
Cadweld

MECHANICAL JOINTS
CADWELDED JOINTS
CADWELD VS.
MECHANICAL
CONNECTIONS

Simplified Method of Completing Exothermic
Welded Electrical Connections

The system
 Utilizes Integrated
Tamper Proof,
Disposable,
Moisture Resistant
Weld Metal Package
 Weld Metal, Disk
and Ignition Source
are All Incorporated
into Weld Metal
Package

• CADWELD connections
Grounding

Grounding
Chain
- Grounding Conductor

Grounding Conductor
• Material (conductivity & corrosion resistance)
 Copper, Copperweld, galvanized steel,
 Aluminum (above ground and insulated)
• Size (cross sectional area / impedance)
 Sufficient to withstand maximum fault current
for maximum clearing time
Grounding
Conductor

Grounding Design
For any design, we need to establish the
parameters:
• Required ground resistance
• From standard or specified by client
• Soil resistivity
• At least 2 measurements at 90 degrees
• Many measurements at different spacings
• Bore hole survey of site
• Site area and limitations (drawings)
• Property outline
• Existing structures, paved areas
• Buried pipes and services

Grounding Design
Calculating resistance to ground from IEEE 142

3D model
Drawings developed
within WinIGS
According to the:
• area available,
• ground analysis and
• design calculations

Ground Resistance Testing

127
4

Bond (Connect) Grounds
Together

When normal operating conditions dictate
that equipment grounds remain isolated, a
Potential Equalisation Clamp (PEC) can
be used for this purpose.
Together
PECPEC

SURGE PROTECTION
6. Protect low voltage data/telecommunication circuits.
SURGE PROTECTION 130
5 6

SURGE PROTECTION
5

Surge Protection
How surges enter facilities - incoming

Surge Protection
How surges
enter
facilities –
Earth
Potential
Rise

Surge Protection
Example Surge Waveforms
6kA 1.2/50us – 3kA 8/20us Combination Wave

Where is the SPD installed?
IEC – Classes I, II, and III.
Class I
Class I
Tested with 10/350us
current waveform (Iimp)

Where is the SPD installed?
Class
II
Class III
Class II
Class III
IEC – Classes I, II, and III.
Class II
Tested with 8/20us
current waveform (In)

AC Dinrail SPDs
1+0
2+0
1+1
3+0
4+0
3+1

AC Dinrail SPDs
Modular
Remote
Contacts
Module
keying
Visual Status
Vibration
resistant
clip

ENHANCEMENTS IN SURGE PROTECTION
5
TD Technology Surge Filtering

TD Technology
141

TD Technology
When a Temporary Over Voltage (TOV) occurs SPDs
can conduct, and then permanently disconnect.

TD Technology (TOV Withstand Capability)
Designed for long life
143

TD TECHNOLOGY
IEC61643-11 has Temporary Over Voltage (TOV) Tests:
(337V)
(337V) (442V)
(442V)
(Voltages
calculated
for 230-240V
systems)

PENTAIR
ERICO CRITEC DT1, DT2, & EDT2 Product family
CONFIDENTIAL 145
DT1 = DIN rail Test Class 1
(Iimp = 12.5kA 10/350us)
DT2 = DIN rail Test Class 2
(In = 20kA 8/20us, Imax = 50kA 8/20us)
EDT2 = Enhanced DIN rail Test Class 2
(In = 20kA 8/20us, Imax = 50kA 8/20us)

TOV Withstand and Up
Comparison between products:
IEC Nominal Withstand (Red = safe fail)
MCOV (Uc) Uo/Un TOV (5s) TOV (2hrs) In Up
EDT2 (TD Technology) 300 240 337 442 20kA 1.6
DT2 300 240 337 442 20kA 1.5
Competitor - 275V 275 230 337 442 20kA 1.5
Competitor - 320V 320 230 337 442 20kA 1.5
Note - ERICO has Imax = 50kA in comparison to typical competitor at 40kA
Note - ERICO has 315A/250A fuse in comparison to 125A fuse of typical competitor at 50kA

Filtering SPDs
147

INTRODUCTION TO SURGE PROTECTION
Install an SPD
How to prevent equipment damage?
• Install a Surge Protective Device (SPD) at the main
point-of-entry distribution board.
• The SPD diverts the lightning surges to earth, and
reduces the voltage let-through to the equipment.
148
Main
Distribution
Board
Surge Protective
Device (SPD)
Equipment to
be protected

INTRODUCTION TO SURGE PROTECTION
Functions of an SPD
The main functions of an SPD
• The SPD diverts the lightning surges to earth. It needs
to be rugged to handle large surge currents (needs a
good surge rating)
• The SPD needs to reduce the voltage seen by the
equipment to a level not causing damage (needs a
good let-through voltage, also known as clamping
voltage, or residual voltage)
149
Diverts
current to
earth
Reduces surge
voltage reaching
equipment

TRADITIONAL SURGE PROTECTION
Shunt SPDs
Typical Connection Method
• Basic surge protection is implemented by
shunt connected SPDs diverting the surge
current to Earth.
Typical Devices Used
• Sparkgaps
• Very good surge current handling ability
• Not very good let-through voltage
performance
• Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs)
• Good surge current handling ability
• Good let-through voltage performance
150
Surge current
diverted to earth
Surge current
diverted to earth
Spark Gap
Thermal
disconnect
MOV
LINE EQUIP
EQUIPLINE

SURGE PROTECTION TEST STANDARD
Test Standard for Performance and Safety
The most globally adopted test standard is IEC 61643-11
151

LET-THROUGH VOLTAGES
A measure of how well the SPD protects
152
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Typical Spark Gap Up Typical MOV Up
Voltage Protection Level, Up
MOV based SPDs
Up typically 1500 V to 1800 V
(for a 240Vac SPD)
Spark Gap based SPDs
Up typically > 2000 V

LET-THROUGH VOLTAGES
Lower is better
153
Improving surge protection
• Is there a way to combine the high energy capability of
Spark Gaps and good clamping of performance of MOVs?
• Can the clamping voltage be made lower still?
Introducing the Surge Reduction Filter
• Yes!

SURGE REDUCTION FILTERS
Dramatically improved surge protection
154
Benefits of the SRF
• Large reduction in the
let-through voltage
• Better protecting the
equipment from
damage
• Large reduction in dv/dt
(slowed wavefront)
• Further level of
equipment protection
and helps prevent
operational issues
(resets and restarts).

THE SRF N-SERIES
Models based on load current
155
Latest generation of ERICO CRITEC SRFs
Enclosure Models
• SRF163N Single phase, 63A
• SRF363N Three phase, 63A
Backplane models with BP suffix

THE SRF N-SERIES
Five current sizes
156
Starting at 63A:
Up to 800A:

TESTING THE SRF N-SERIES
Laboratory testing
157
Examination of the performance of Shunt versus SRF
• The primary Spark Gap used as the primary diverter in the
SRF family was tested by itself.
• Test impulse: 6kV 1.2/50us – 3kA 8/20us

Laboratory testing
158
The result
• Blue Curve – “Let-through Voltage” (1.24kV)
• Yellow Curve – “Input Surge Current” (3kA, 8/20us)

Laboratory testing
159
Repeat the test, but with the whole SRF (model SRF363N)
• Now the same primary Spark Gap is followed by the filter
stage
• Same test impulse: 6kV 1.2/50us – 3kA 8/20us

Dramatic reduction in let-through voltage
160
The result
• Blue Curve – “Let-through Voltage” (165V)
1.24 kV
165 V

Laboratory testing – higher test current
161
Repeat the test, but with higher surge current (20kA)
• Same SRF363N filter
• Larger impulse: 20kA 8/20us

Dramatic reduction in let-through voltage
162
The result
• Blue Curve – “Let-through Voltage” (218V)

Excellent let-through voltages
163
Test results for all models when
tested to IEC 61643-11
• The Up for all models is
between 450V and 650V
depending on the model

Premium protection
164
SRF’s provide
better protection for
the equipment
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Typical Spark Gap Up Typical MOV Up Typical SRF N-series Up
Voltage Protection Level, Up

Helps prevent equipment damage and upset
165
IEC 61643-11 measurement of the voltage rate-of-rise
dv/dt = 5000 V/us dv/dt = 5 V/us
e.g. SRF363N gives 1000:1 Reduction!

NOISE FILTERING
Provides smooth power to your equipment
166
Clean SRF Output
Noisy AC waveform

SRF N-SERIES STATUS INDICATION
Rich status information allows easy maintenance
167
The SRF N-Series features rich status indication
Primary
Spark Gap
Status
Secondary
Unit Status
Secondary
TD Diverter
Status
Remote Status
Contacts
Front Panel
Summary Status

SRF N-SERIES IEC COMPLIANCE SAFTY TECHNOLOGIES
Designed for maximum safety
168
The SRF N-Series features multiple safety technologies
Primary Spark Gap Fuses (250A,
500A, and 800A models)
Thermal Disconnector
An overheating MOV is
automatically disconnected Secondary Filtering Unit
Fuses (All models)

SRF N-SERIES TOV CAPABILITY (TD TECHNOLOGY)
169
The SRF N-Series features generous TOV Withstand capability

INSTALLATION AT POINT-OF-ENTRY
SRFs are sized based on the Load Current
170
Main
Distribution
Board
SRF rated for the
total facility current
Equipment to
be protected
Models from 63A to 800A
NOTE - Upstream Fusing
• The SRF N-Series SRFs do not incorporate
overcurrent protection.
• Upstream fusing or circuit breakers must be
installed and must not exceed the load
current rating of the SRF.

LOAD SEGREGATION
Targeted protection – cost effective
171

SRF APPLICATIONS – PREMIUM PROTECTION
Protecting critical facilities
172
Telecommunications facilities
Data Centres and Main Switching Centres

173
Process Control Centres
Petrochemical facilities

174
Defense facilities
Airports

LOWER CURRENT SURGE FILTERS
Combines shunt SPD plus low-pass filter
TSF Combines a front end SPD and low-pass filter.
Low-Pass between LINE and NEUTRAL
Traditional Surge Protective Device (MOV, GDT…)
175

TRANSIENT SURGE FILTERS (TSF)
Includes TDS technology
5 MODELS (same enclosure, all models)
• TSF6A24V
• TSF6A120V
• TSF6A240V
• TSF20A120V
• TSF20A240V
MAXIMUM SURGE CURRENT (Imax)
• 20kA / mode (L-N, L-PE, N-PE)
FILTERING (@100kHz)
• -50dB FOR TSF20A
• -65dB FOR TSF6A
176

TRANSIENT SURGE FILTERS (TSF)
6A to 20A Transient Surge Filters
Replaceable Surge Module
DIN rail mount
Remote Alarm Contacts
3M (54mm) Width
(3) Two-way terminal blocks
Surge Filter Base
177
• UL 1449 ED 4, UL 1283 AND IEC61643-11

TSF Indication
Status Indication
Remote Alarm Contacts
Features mechanical end-of-life indication
178
Status Ok
End-of-Life

Fast Pass Reader for railway / subway stations
Fast Pass Reader
Application: Public Transit Pass
Example Application: Railway Pass Readers
TRANSIENT SURGE FILTER 179
Surge Filter (120VAC - 20A)

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) used to take sections of the grid offline
SCADA control unit
120VAC to 24VAC transformer
Surge Filter (120VAC - 3A)
Application: SCADA
Example Application: RTU

Lighting Control Panel
Digital I/O Module
Surge Filter (120VAC to 6A)
PLC
Application: Lighting Control
Example Application: Control Panel

SURGE PROTECTION
6. Protect low voltage data/telecommunication circuits.
6

Data/Telecoms/Signaling
Protectors

SCADA protection – Cable Car

TELECOMMUNICATIONS
PROTECTION
Ten (10) Pair Protectors

LAN (Ethernet) PROTECTION
Features
 Rugged, metallic enclosure provides
both environmental and electrical
shielding
 Up to CAT6 and POE (Power Over
Ethernet) protection in one product
 Simple, bi-directional installation
 Connection via RJ45 plugs
 Large surge rating of 20 kA 8/20 μs
LANRJ45C6P

COAXIAL PROTECTION
NMF
NBM
NB
SMA
F
BNC

Grounding Design
Older designs, have
independent
grounding systems.
The more recent trend
is to bond all the
ground systems.
Together

ERICO SIX POINT PLAN
6. Protect low voltage data/telecommunication circuits
194

QUESTIONS?

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