Oxidative phosphorylation
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A simple outline of oxidative phosphorylation.. It explains the process, site of occurrence, components involved, source of electron carriers and inhibitors of the process.
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Electron Transport Chain and oxidative phosphorylation @meetpadhiyar
A story of electron transport to the ATP synthase complex by 4 complexes and oxidative phosphorylation.
Present at College of basic science and Humanities, Dantiwada.
Atp synthase
ATP synthase—also called FoF1 ATPase is the universal protein that terminates oxidative phosphorylation by synthesizing ATP from ADP and phosphate.
ATP Synthase is one of the most important enzymes found in the mitochondria of cells
INHIBITORS AND UNCOUPLERS IN ELECTRONE TRANSPORT CHAIN
This document discusses inhibitors and uncouplers of the electron transport chain (ETC). It provides examples of several types of inhibitors that block electron flow at different complexes of the ETC, including rotenone which binds complex I, antimycin which inhibits between cytochromes b and c1, and cyanide which binds cytochrome oxidase. It also lists oligomycins, rutamycin, and bongkrekate as inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, it discusses several uncouplers that allow electron transport to continue but prevent ATP production by dissipating the proton gradient, such as 2,4-dinitrophenol, dicyclomarol, calcium ions, and CCCP.
Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylationppt
This document lists inhibitors that block the five complexes of oxidative phosphorylation as well as the ATP synthase and ATP-ADP translocase. It provides examples of specific inhibitors such as rotenone for complex I, antimycin A for complex III, and oligomycin for ATP synthase. The document also discusses uncouplers that dissipate the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing ATP synthesis but allowing the electron transport chain to continue producing heat. Hibernating animals use this mechanism to stay warm in winter without needing ATP.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation in Plants
It is like a summary of oxidative phosphorylation and reference to textbooks is required before presentation.
Electron transport chain( Oxidative phosphorylation)
This power point presentation is useful for Undergraduates as well as postgraduates students of Medicine, health science, Biology and laboratory.
Electron transport chain final
The document summarizes the organization of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It describes the five complexes of the electron transport chain (Complexes I-V), including their components, functions, and electron transfer processes. Specifically, it details how Complexes I, III, and IV transfer electrons from donors like NADH to final acceptors like oxygen. This generates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which Complex V then uses to synthesize ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain
a brief overview of oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain and ATP synthesis from reducing equivalent
Recommended
Electron Transport Chain and oxidative phosphorylation @meetpadhiyar
A story of electron transport to the ATP synthase complex by 4 complexes and oxidative phosphorylation.
Present at College of basic science and Humanities, Dantiwada.
Atp synthase
ATP synthase—also called FoF1 ATPase is the universal protein that terminates oxidative phosphorylation by synthesizing ATP from ADP and phosphate.
ATP Synthase is one of the most important enzymes found in the mitochondria of cells
INHIBITORS AND UNCOUPLERS IN ELECTRONE TRANSPORT CHAIN
This document discusses inhibitors and uncouplers of the electron transport chain (ETC). It provides examples of several types of inhibitors that block electron flow at different complexes of the ETC, including rotenone which binds complex I, antimycin which inhibits between cytochromes b and c1, and cyanide which binds cytochrome oxidase. It also lists oligomycins, rutamycin, and bongkrekate as inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, it discusses several uncouplers that allow electron transport to continue but prevent ATP production by dissipating the proton gradient, such as 2,4-dinitrophenol, dicyclomarol, calcium ions, and CCCP.
Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylationppt
This document lists inhibitors that block the five complexes of oxidative phosphorylation as well as the ATP synthase and ATP-ADP translocase. It provides examples of specific inhibitors such as rotenone for complex I, antimycin A for complex III, and oligomycin for ATP synthase. The document also discusses uncouplers that dissipate the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing ATP synthesis but allowing the electron transport chain to continue producing heat. Hibernating animals use this mechanism to stay warm in winter without needing ATP.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation in Plants
It is like a summary of oxidative phosphorylation and reference to textbooks is required before presentation.
Electron transport chain( Oxidative phosphorylation)
This power point presentation is useful for Undergraduates as well as postgraduates students of Medicine, health science, Biology and laboratory.
Electron transport chain final
The document summarizes the organization of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It describes the five complexes of the electron transport chain (Complexes I-V), including their components, functions, and electron transfer processes. Specifically, it details how Complexes I, III, and IV transfer electrons from donors like NADH to final acceptors like oxygen. This generates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which Complex V then uses to synthesize ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain
a brief overview of oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain and ATP synthesis from reducing equivalent
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation are the two main mechanisms by which organisms generate ATP. In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed through an electron transport chain in mitochondria to reduce oxygen to water, pumping protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The resulting proton gradient is used by ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP to ATP. Photophosphorylation uses sunlight to drive electron transport and proton pumping across thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts to similarly synthesize ATP. Both mechanisms conserve the energy of electron transport as a proton gradient that is then used to power ATP synthesis, demonstrating the fundamental similarity between these critical energy conversion processes.
Photophosphorylation
Photophosphorylation is the process by which ATP is created using energy from sunlight. It involves the creation of a proton gradient across a membrane via the electron transport chain, similar to respiration. However, since the proton gradient formation is light-dependent, it is called photophosphorylation. Proton movement across the membrane powers ATP synthase enzymes to join ADP and Pi to make ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation
The document provides information on cellular respiration and how it generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. It discusses the electron transport chain, made up of protein complexes I-IV in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which establishes a proton gradient by pumping protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space. This proton gradient drives ATP synthase to catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The chemiosmotic theory explains how the potential energy in the proton gradient is used to produce ATP through rotation of the ATP synthase complex.
Electron transport system in chloroplast
The document discusses the electron transport system in chloroplasts. It describes how light is absorbed by photosystems which excites electrons that are passed through an electron transport chain across the thylakoid membrane. This powers the active transport of hydrogen ions, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis through photophosphorylation. Two pathways are discussed: non-cyclic electron flow which produces both ATP and NADPH, and cyclic electron flow which only produces ATP without reducing NADP+.
Chapter 4 enzymes
- Amylase, lipase, proteases added to laundry detergents
- Papain, bromelain added to meat tenderizers
- Lysozyme added to wound dressings
Diagnostic:
- Measuring enzyme levels in blood/urine to detect organ damage
- Measuring enzyme levels in blood to diagnose genetic disorders
Therapeutic:
- Enzyme replacement therapy for genetic disorders
- Enzymes as digestive aids or supplements
Research:
- Enzymes used as reagents in clinical assays and diagnostic kits
So in summary, enzymes play important roles in diagnostics, research, and therapeutics in medicine. Their catalytic properties are exploited for various applications.
Electron transport chain and inhibitor of etc
The electron transport chain (ETC) transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen. This process uses the energy from electron transfers to drive the synthesis of ATP. The ETC consists of four complexes located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Complexes I, III, and IV use iron-sulfur centers and cytochromes to sequentially pass electrons from one complex to the next. As electrons are passed through the complexes, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, building an electrochemical gradient used by ATP synthase to generate ATP from ADP. Various inhibitors can block electron transfer at different complexes, preventing ATP production.
Regulation of enzyme activity
1. Enzyme activity can be regulated through several mechanisms including allosteric regulation, feedback inhibition, proenzymes, and protein modification.
2. Allosteric enzymes have effector molecules that bind and induce a conformational change that increases or decreases enzyme activity. Feedback inhibition occurs when a metabolic end product inhibits an earlier enzyme.
3. Proenzymes are inactive precursors that are activated by proteolytic cleavage. Protein modification like phosphorylation can also regulate enzymes by changing their structure.
Even and odd number of fatty acids
This document discusses the biosynthesis of even and odd number fatty acids in plants. It begins by defining fatty acids as molecules with an even number of carbon atoms that serve as building blocks for lipids. It then describes the structures of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The document outlines the pathways for biosynthesis of even number fatty acids through a cyclic process of condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction. It notes that biosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts using NADPH from photosynthesis. Finally, it briefly discusses the rare biosynthesis of odd number fatty acids derived from propionate through the action of propionyl-CoA carboxylase.
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-- Chemiosmotic theory
-P:O Ratio
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Shuttle Systems for Oxidation of Extramitochondrial NADH
Biosynthesis of nucleotides
This document provides an overview of nucleotide biosynthesis. It discusses that nucleotides are composed of nitrogenous bases, pentose sugars, and phosphate groups, and are the building blocks of nucleic acids. There are two pathways for nucleotide biosynthesis - de novo synthesis which uses metabolic precursors to build nucleotides from scratch, and salvage pathways which recycle bases and nucleosides from nucleic acid breakdown. Key steps in purine and pyrimidine synthesis are described. Nucleotides have important biological functions as components of nucleic acids, energy carriers, and signaling molecules.
Enzyme induction and repression
Enzyme induction occurs when a molecule like a drug binds to and increases the metabolic activity of an enzyme, causing it to be expressed at higher levels. This allows enzymes to kick into production when needed. Enzyme repression is when an effector binds to the operator of a gene and prevents the binding of RNA polymerase, reducing expression of the enzyme. Understanding enzyme induction and repression is important for analyzing drug reactions and toxicity by regulating metabolic pathways and hormone production.
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Electron transport chain
This document summarizes oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the electron transport chain in mitochondria. It states that OXPHOS is essential for generating ATP through the transfer of electrons from donor molecules like NADH to oxygen. It occurs through five protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane: complex I-IV transfer electrons and pump protons out of the matrix, while complex V uses the proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis. The document provides an overview of each complex and how they facilitate electron transfer and proton pumping to create the electrochemical gradient used for ATP production.
Allosteric and feedback regulation
This document discusses allosteric and feedback regulation of enzymes. It defines allosteric enzymes as having sites besides the active site that can bind non-substrate molecules and influence enzyme activity. Two main models of allosteric regulation are described: the symmetrical model and sequential model. Allosteric effectors can be homotropic, which are substrates, or heterotropic, which are regulatory molecules other than substrates that activate or inhibit the enzyme. Examples of allosteric regulation and feedback inhibition are given.
Biological oxidation
1) Biological oxidation involves the conversion of energy from foods like carbohydrates and lipids into ATP through electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.
2) The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors like NADH to final acceptor oxygen, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
3) Through the chemiosmotic hypothesis, the potential energy of the proton gradient is used by ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP into ATP, coupling electron transport to oxidative phosphorylation.
Enzymes
Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. They have specific three-dimensional structures with active sites that bind substrates and catalyze their conversion to products. There are six main enzyme classes defined by their catalyzed reaction types. Enzyme activity is affected by factors like substrate and enzyme concentration, pH, temperature, and inhibitors. Enzymes lower activation energy and use lock-and-key or induced-fit binding to catalyze reactions efficiently through transition states. Many require cofactors like vitamins and metal ions to function. Enzyme kinetics describe how rates change with conditions and inhibition mechanisms. Enzymes are essential to all living functions but some inhibitors like nerve gases are toxic.
Atp synthesis
This document summarizes ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation. It describes how electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts establish proton gradients across membranes, which are then used by ATP synthase complexes to phosphorylate ADP and produce ATP. Specifically, it outlines how electrons from NADH/FADH2 or water power proton pumping via complex I-IV in mitochondria or photosystems I and II in chloroplasts. The resulting proton gradient drives ATP synthesis when protons flow back through the ATP synthase.
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Chemiosmotic theory
The document discusses the chemiosmotic hypothesis, which explains how ATP synthesis is coupled to the electron transport chain. It states that (1) as electrons move through complexes I, III, and IV of the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, building a proton gradient. (2) This proton gradient provides the energy for ATP synthase (Complex V) to catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Specifically, protons reenter the matrix through ATP synthase, driving the rotation of its membrane domain and causing conformational changes that lead to ATP production.
Enzymes
Enzymes are protein catalysts that accelerate biochemical reactions without being consumed. They are specific, catalytic, reversible, and sensitive to temperature and pH changes. Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions. The active site of an enzyme binds specifically to substrates. Some enzymes require cofactors like metal ions or coenzymes to function. Enzyme kinetics examines factors that influence reaction rates like substrate concentration. Michaelis-Menten kinetics describes the reversible binding of enzymes and substrates to form enzyme-substrate complexes. Enzyme inhibitors decrease catalytic activity by binding to the active site or elsewhere on the enzyme.
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Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation are the two main mechanisms by which organisms generate ATP. In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed through an electron transport chain in mitochondria to reduce oxygen to water, pumping protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The resulting proton gradient is used by ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP to ATP. Photophosphorylation uses sunlight to drive electron transport and proton pumping across thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts to similarly synthesize ATP. Both mechanisms conserve the energy of electron transport as a proton gradient that is then used to power ATP synthesis, demonstrating the fundamental similarity between these critical energy conversion processes.
Photophosphorylation
Photophosphorylation is the process by which ATP is created using energy from sunlight. It involves the creation of a proton gradient across a membrane via the electron transport chain, similar to respiration. However, since the proton gradient formation is light-dependent, it is called photophosphorylation. Proton movement across the membrane powers ATP synthase enzymes to join ADP and Pi to make ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation
The document provides information on cellular respiration and how it generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. It discusses the electron transport chain, made up of protein complexes I-IV in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which establishes a proton gradient by pumping protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space. This proton gradient drives ATP synthase to catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The chemiosmotic theory explains how the potential energy in the proton gradient is used to produce ATP through rotation of the ATP synthase complex.
Electron transport system in chloroplast
The document discusses the electron transport system in chloroplasts. It describes how light is absorbed by photosystems which excites electrons that are passed through an electron transport chain across the thylakoid membrane. This powers the active transport of hydrogen ions, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis through photophosphorylation. Two pathways are discussed: non-cyclic electron flow which produces both ATP and NADPH, and cyclic electron flow which only produces ATP without reducing NADP+.
Chapter 4 enzymes
- Amylase, lipase, proteases added to laundry detergents
- Papain, bromelain added to meat tenderizers
- Lysozyme added to wound dressings
Diagnostic:
- Measuring enzyme levels in blood/urine to detect organ damage
- Measuring enzyme levels in blood to diagnose genetic disorders
Therapeutic:
- Enzyme replacement therapy for genetic disorders
- Enzymes as digestive aids or supplements
Research:
- Enzymes used as reagents in clinical assays and diagnostic kits
So in summary, enzymes play important roles in diagnostics, research, and therapeutics in medicine. Their catalytic properties are exploited for various applications.
Electron transport chain and inhibitor of etc
The electron transport chain (ETC) transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen. This process uses the energy from electron transfers to drive the synthesis of ATP. The ETC consists of four complexes located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Complexes I, III, and IV use iron-sulfur centers and cytochromes to sequentially pass electrons from one complex to the next. As electrons are passed through the complexes, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, building an electrochemical gradient used by ATP synthase to generate ATP from ADP. Various inhibitors can block electron transfer at different complexes, preventing ATP production.
Regulation of enzyme activity
1. Enzyme activity can be regulated through several mechanisms including allosteric regulation, feedback inhibition, proenzymes, and protein modification.
2. Allosteric enzymes have effector molecules that bind and induce a conformational change that increases or decreases enzyme activity. Feedback inhibition occurs when a metabolic end product inhibits an earlier enzyme.
3. Proenzymes are inactive precursors that are activated by proteolytic cleavage. Protein modification like phosphorylation can also regulate enzymes by changing their structure.
Even and odd number of fatty acids
This document discusses the biosynthesis of even and odd number fatty acids in plants. It begins by defining fatty acids as molecules with an even number of carbon atoms that serve as building blocks for lipids. It then describes the structures of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The document outlines the pathways for biosynthesis of even number fatty acids through a cyclic process of condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction. It notes that biosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts using NADPH from photosynthesis. Finally, it briefly discusses the rare biosynthesis of odd number fatty acids derived from propionate through the action of propionyl-CoA carboxylase.
Biological oxidation (part - III) Oxidative Phosphorylation
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- Mechanism of Oxidative Phosphorylation
-- Chemiosmotic theory
-P:O Ratio
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Shuttle Systems for Oxidation of Extramitochondrial NADH
Biosynthesis of nucleotides
This document provides an overview of nucleotide biosynthesis. It discusses that nucleotides are composed of nitrogenous bases, pentose sugars, and phosphate groups, and are the building blocks of nucleic acids. There are two pathways for nucleotide biosynthesis - de novo synthesis which uses metabolic precursors to build nucleotides from scratch, and salvage pathways which recycle bases and nucleosides from nucleic acid breakdown. Key steps in purine and pyrimidine synthesis are described. Nucleotides have important biological functions as components of nucleic acids, energy carriers, and signaling molecules.
Enzyme induction and repression
Enzyme induction occurs when a molecule like a drug binds to and increases the metabolic activity of an enzyme, causing it to be expressed at higher levels. This allows enzymes to kick into production when needed. Enzyme repression is when an effector binds to the operator of a gene and prevents the binding of RNA polymerase, reducing expression of the enzyme. Understanding enzyme induction and repression is important for analyzing drug reactions and toxicity by regulating metabolic pathways and hormone production.
Kinetics of multi substrate enzyme catalyzed reaction
Enzyme kinetics is the study of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions. Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions by binding substrates to their active sites. Multi-substrate reactions can follow sequential or non-sequential mechanisms. In sequential mechanisms, both substrates must bind before any product is released, while non-sequential mechanisms allow product release before all substrates bind. Ping-pong mechanisms are a type of non-sequential mechanism where the enzyme is temporarily modified between substrate bindings.
Electron transport chain
This document summarizes oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the electron transport chain in mitochondria. It states that OXPHOS is essential for generating ATP through the transfer of electrons from donor molecules like NADH to oxygen. It occurs through five protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane: complex I-IV transfer electrons and pump protons out of the matrix, while complex V uses the proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis. The document provides an overview of each complex and how they facilitate electron transfer and proton pumping to create the electrochemical gradient used for ATP production.
Allosteric and feedback regulation
This document discusses allosteric and feedback regulation of enzymes. It defines allosteric enzymes as having sites besides the active site that can bind non-substrate molecules and influence enzyme activity. Two main models of allosteric regulation are described: the symmetrical model and sequential model. Allosteric effectors can be homotropic, which are substrates, or heterotropic, which are regulatory molecules other than substrates that activate or inhibit the enzyme. Examples of allosteric regulation and feedback inhibition are given.
Biological oxidation
1) Biological oxidation involves the conversion of energy from foods like carbohydrates and lipids into ATP through electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.
2) The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors like NADH to final acceptor oxygen, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
3) Through the chemiosmotic hypothesis, the potential energy of the proton gradient is used by ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP into ATP, coupling electron transport to oxidative phosphorylation.
Enzymes
Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. They have specific three-dimensional structures with active sites that bind substrates and catalyze their conversion to products. There are six main enzyme classes defined by their catalyzed reaction types. Enzyme activity is affected by factors like substrate and enzyme concentration, pH, temperature, and inhibitors. Enzymes lower activation energy and use lock-and-key or induced-fit binding to catalyze reactions efficiently through transition states. Many require cofactors like vitamins and metal ions to function. Enzyme kinetics describe how rates change with conditions and inhibition mechanisms. Enzymes are essential to all living functions but some inhibitors like nerve gases are toxic.
Atp synthesis
This document summarizes ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation. It describes how electron transport chains in the mitochondria and chloroplasts establish proton gradients across membranes, which are then used by ATP synthase complexes to phosphorylate ADP and produce ATP. Specifically, it outlines how electrons from NADH/FADH2 or water power proton pumping via complex I-IV in mitochondria or photosystems I and II in chloroplasts. The resulting proton gradient drives ATP synthesis when protons flow back through the ATP synthase.
Enzyme inhibition
Enzyme introduction, Enzyme inhibition, Irreversible inhibition, reversible inhibition, competitive inhibition, noncompetitive inhibition, uncompetitive inhibition, examples for different types of inhibition, uses of enzyme inhibition in medicinal purpose, allosteric enzymes, allosteric activation, allosteric inhibition, pictorial explanation, graphical explanation.
Chemiosmotic theory
The document discusses the chemiosmotic hypothesis, which explains how ATP synthesis is coupled to the electron transport chain. It states that (1) as electrons move through complexes I, III, and IV of the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, building a proton gradient. (2) This proton gradient provides the energy for ATP synthase (Complex V) to catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Specifically, protons reenter the matrix through ATP synthase, driving the rotation of its membrane domain and causing conformational changes that lead to ATP production.
Enzymes
Enzymes are protein catalysts that accelerate biochemical reactions without being consumed. They are specific, catalytic, reversible, and sensitive to temperature and pH changes. Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions. The active site of an enzyme binds specifically to substrates. Some enzymes require cofactors like metal ions or coenzymes to function. Enzyme kinetics examines factors that influence reaction rates like substrate concentration. Michaelis-Menten kinetics describes the reversible binding of enzymes and substrates to form enzyme-substrate complexes. Enzyme inhibitors decrease catalytic activity by binding to the active site or elsewhere on the enzyme.
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When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
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Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
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Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingTravis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
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