a nice presentation about the Ovarian Cancer its include an introduction with brief notes about the epidemiology and risk factors then shift to pathology and pathogenesis and diagnosis with signs , symptoms and lab tests with imaging modules , screening , management
a nice presentation about the Ovarian Cancer its include an introduction with brief notes about the epidemiology and risk factors then shift to pathology and pathogenesis and diagnosis with signs , symptoms and lab tests with imaging modules , screening , management
An UPDATE solid knowledge in Vulval cancer, consisting of 12 years experience form lecture notes of
Professor Basel Obaidat~ FRCOG. Gyne/Onco.
24\3\2016
An UPDATE solid knowledge in Vulval cancer, consisting of 12 years experience form lecture notes of
Professor Basel Obaidat~ FRCOG. Gyne/Onco.
24\3\2016
A lecture on endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, exploring the etiology, clinical features, types, investigations, management and treatment options and prognosis.
This was presented to undergraduate medical students at Livingstone Central Teaching Hospital, Livingstone, Zambia, department of Obstetrics and Gynecology by Nghitukuhamba T.E Kalipi (final year student) Cavendish University Zambia, School of Medicine.
Ovarian cancer is when abnormal cells in the ovary begin to multiply out of control and form a tumor. If left untreated, the tumor can spread to other parts of the body. This is called metastatic ovarian cancer.
The ovaries are two female reproductive glands that produce ova, or eggs. They also produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and stomach. At this late stage, ovarian cancer is more difficult to treat and can be fatal.
Ovarian cancer often has no symptoms in the early stages. Later stages are associated with symptoms, but they can be non-specific, such as loss of appetite and weight loss.
Blood test to measure cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) levels. This is a biomarker that is used to assess treatment response for ovarian cancer and other reproductive organ cancers. However, menstruation, uterine fibroids, and uterine cancer can also affect levels of CA-125 in the blood.
Biopsy. This involves removing a small sample of tissue from the ovary and analyzing the sample under a microscope. A biopsy is the only way your doctor can confirm whether you have ovarian cancer.
Surgery and chemotherapy are generally used to treat ovarian cancer.
presentation which delivers the message to know various types of tumours of the breast cancer,which is the problem of one woman in every eight women now a days...
My Goals::::
1-Relationship of thorax to neck .
2-relationship of thorax to upper limb.
3-relationship of thorax to breasts : pleural cavity - pleural and Lung .
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Ovarian cancer
1. ovarian cancer Presented BY :
Mohammed Jamal
Guided By :
Dr. Eva Torosyan
Haybusak university- Yerevan
2. CONTENTS
DEFINITIONS
Anatomy and physiology
Screening Test
Epidemiology
Symptoms
Risk factors
Protective Factors
Types of ovarian cancer
Classification of Ovarian Cancer
Tumor Markers
Classic Histology Types of Ovarian Cancer
Diagnosis
Treatment
3. Definition
A pelvic mass identified after menopause
Note : Ovaries in the postmenopausal age
group should be atrophic(shrinkage); anytime they are enlarged, the
suspicion of ovarian cancer arises.
4. Anatomy and physiology
Female organs (glands producing sex hormones and the ova )
Size :one ovary is long , 2 cm wide and 1 cm thick
Shape: almond shape
Location: on each side of the uterus in pelvice
5.
6. Screening Test
There is no current screening test for ovarian cancer. Pelvic ultrasound is
excellent for finding pelvic masses, but is not specific for identifying which
are benign and which are malignant.
Only 3% of patients undergoing laparotomy for sonographically
detected pelvic masses actually have ovarian cancer.
7. Epidemiology :
Ovarian carcinoma is the second most common gynecologic malignancy,
with a mean age at diagnosis of 69 years.
One percent of women die of ovarian cancer
It is the most common gynecologic cancer leading to death
The most compelling theory of epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis suggests
that serous, endometrioid, and clear cell carcinomas are derived from the
fallopian tube and endometrium, and not directly from the ovary.
8. Which cancers has higher risk mortality in gynecology ?
Answer :
1-ovaroan cancer Most common
2-endometrium cancer
3-cervical cancer
Which cancer has high risk of incidence in gynecology ?
1-Endometrium cancer most common
2-ovarian cancer
3- cervical cancer
9. Symptoms
Early symptoms of ovarian caner :
Pain in pelvic
Pain on the lower side of the body
Back pain
Indigestion or heart burn
More frequent and urgent urination
Pain during sexual intercourse
As ovarian cancer progresses these symptoms are also possible :
Nausea , weight loss , breathlessness , fatigue (tiredness) loss of appetite
10. Risk factors :
BRCA1 gene
positive family history
high number of lifetime
Ovulations
Infertility
perineal talc powder
11.
12. Protective Factors
These are conditions that decrease the total number of lifetime
ovulations: oral contraceptive pills, chronic anovulation, breast-feeding,
and short reproductive life.
Removal or occlusion of the fallopian tubes: bilateral salpingectomy or
tubal ligation
Decreased lifetime ovulations: combination steroid contraception, chronic
anovulation, breast feeding and short reproductive life
14. Types of ovarian cancer
The ovaries contain 3 main kinds of cells :
Epithelial , Germ cells , stromal cells , each of these cells can develop into
different type of tumors .
Subsequently there are 3 main types of ovarian tumors :
Epithelial tumors , Germ cell tumors , stromal tumors
15. Classification of Ovarian Cancer
Epithelial tumors—80%. The most common type of histologic ovarian
carcinoma
is epithelial cancer, which predominantly occurs in postmenopausal
women. These include serous, mucinous, Brenner, endometrioid, and clear
cell tumors. The most common malignant epithelial cell type is serous
17. Germ cell tumors—15%. Another histologic type of ovarian cancer is the
germ cell tumor, which predominantly occurs in teenagers. Examples are
dysgerminoma, endodermal sinus tumors, teratomas, and
choriocarcinoma. The most common malignant germ cell type is
dysgerminoma.
18. Stromal tumors—5%. The third type of ovarian tumor is the stromal
tumor, which is functionally active. These include granulosa-theca cell
tumors, which secrete estrogen and can cause bleeding from endometrial
hyperplasia and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, which secrete testosterone
can produce masculinization syndromes.
Patients with stromal tumors usually present with early stage disease and
are treated either with removal of the involved adnexa(removal of the
ovaries and fallopian tubes ) , metastasize infrequently , chemotherapy
(vincristine, actinomycin, and Cytoxan).
19. Metastatic tumor. These are cancers from a primary site other than the
ovary. The most common sources are the endometrium, GI tract, and
breast. Krukenberg tumors are mucin-producing tumors from the
stomach or breast metastatic to the ovary.
20. Tumor Markers
• CA-125 (cancer antigen 125) and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) should
also be
drawn for the possibility of ovarian epithelial cancer.
• LDH, hCG, and α-fetoprotein should be drawn for the possibility of germ
cell tumors.
• Estrogen and testosterone should be drawn for the possibility of stromal
tumors.
21. Classic Histology Types of Ovarian
Cancer
Type Percentage Age Group Tumors marker and
tests that should be
done
Epithelial 80% Older CA-125 , CEA
Germ cell 15% Young LDH , HCG , α-
fetoprotein
Stromal 5% All Estrogen ,
Testosterone
25. TREATMENT
A surgical exploration(LAPARATOMY) should follow preoperative studies and
medical evaluation.
If abdominal or pelvic CT scan shows no evidence of ascites or spread to the
abdominal cavity, and if the surgeon is an experienced laparoscopist, then the
evaluation could be performed laparoscopically.
Benign Histology. If the patient is not a good surgical candidate or the
patient desires to maintain her uterus and contralateral ovary, a USO is
sufficient treatment , then a TAH and BSO maybe performed
Malignant Histology. In this case, a debulking procedure (cytoreduction)
should be performed. This procedure consists of a TAH and BSO,
omentectomy, and bowel resection, if necessary. Postoperative chemotherapy
(carboplatin and Taxol) should be administered.
26. Follow-Up. If the final pathology report of the enlarged adnexa was
benign, If the pathology report was carcinoma, then she would be
up every 3 months for the first 2 years and then every 6 months for the
next 2 years with follow-up of the CA-125 tumor marker.
Borderline Cancers. Another entity of ovarian cancer is the borderline
tumors also known as tumors of low malignant potential. These are
characterized by no invasion of the basement membrane and can also be
treated conservatively.
27. • Conservative surgery. A patient who desires further fertility with a
unilateral borderline cancer of the ovary can be treated with a USO with
preservation of the uterus and the opposite adnexa.
• Aggressive surgery. If the patient has completed her family then the
most acceptable treatment would be a TAH and BSO.
• Chemotherapy. Patients with borderline cancer of the ovary do not
require chemotherapy unless they have metastasis, and this is a rare
occurrence.
