1. The document provides an introduction to osteology, the study of bones. It defines osteology and discusses the classification, structure, and cellular makeup of bones. 2. Bones are classified based on their position in the body as either part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, and by their shape as long, short, flat, irregular, or sesamoid bones. 3. The structures of long bones, which make up the limbs, include a diaphysis, or shaft, and two epiphyses at the ends. Short, flat, and irregular bones differ in their shapes. 4. Bones are made up of compact cortical bone on the outside and spongy cancellous bone