This document provides an overview of knee osteoarthritis, including its definition, classification, risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, treatment, and diagnosis. Osteoarthritis is defined as a progressive disorder of the joints caused by gradual loss of cartilage. It can be primary, with unknown cause related to aging, or secondary, caused by other diseases or injuries. Risk factors include age, sex, obesity, malalignment, activities, and muscle weakness. Symptoms include pain worsened by activity and at night, stiffness, swelling, deformities, instability, and loss of function. Treatment involves non-pharmacological options like exercise and weight loss, as well as pharmacological options like analgesics, NSAIDs, corticosteroids,

1. Principle and
diagnosis of knee
joint osteoarthritis
PBL GROUP 1
ABDULRAHMAN ALARFAJ
ABDULLAH ALHAMAD

2. Osteoarthritis
Items:
.Definition.
.Classification.
.Risk factors.
.Path physiology.
.Symptoms and signs.
.Treatment.
diagnosis of knee joint osteoarthritis

3. Definition:
Osteoarthritis (OA), :
is a progressive disorder of the joints caused by gradual
loss of cartilage and resulting in the development of
bony spurs and cysts at the margins of the joints.
Classification:
1.primary: unkown cause, with aging, on normal joint.
2.secondary: other disease(trauma,etc), any age, on
diseased joint.

4. Risk Factors
1- age
2- Female
3- Obesity
4- malalignment
5- bending
6- High impact activities
7- Muscle weakness

6. .Path physiology.

11. Symptoms and signs:
- Pain increases with activity and worse at night.
- Stiffness less than 30 mins.
- Swelling
- Deformities
- Joint instability
- Loss of function
- Neurological signs
if spine Involved.
- Crepitus Sound
- Muscle wasting

14. Treatment:
1. Non-pharmacological:
-To increase movement to prevent muscle wasting.
- physiotherapy/exercise programmed,
- non -weight bearing exercise to strengthen muscle strength (cycling,
swimming etc).
- To reduce load on the joint
Use of walking stick to distribute the load
Avoid unnecessary stress,
eg jogging,climbing stairs.

15. 2. pharmacological:
-Pain relief.
-Analgesic and NSAIDS.
3. surgery.
ExamplesGroup of drug
Acetaminophen and tramadolAnalgesics
Aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxenNSAID
celecoxibCox-2 inhibitors
Cream or spray as zostrixTopical analgesics
Injectable glucocorticoidCorticosteroid
Hyaluronic acidviscosupplements
Glucosamine and Chondrotin SulfateBone components
degradative Enz GrowthFuture therapy

16. Surgery:
Arthroscopy
Mainly for knee and shoulder.
Remove of loose pieces of bone or cartilage and treatment
of torn ligament or inflamed synovial membrane
Osteotomy
Mainly for knee and hip.
For people younger to do joint replacement.
Repositioning of bone by a wedge shape cut.
Joint Replacement
For people over 50y or severe progression
Reconstruction of a joint

17. DIAGNOSIS OF KNEE
OSTEOARTHURITIS
In general the doctor will start with collecting information from the
patient, family and medical history, the he will start the examination
and ask for some diagnostic tests.

18. 1- HEALTH HISTORY AND
SYMPTOMS
o description of the symptoms
oDetails about the when and how the pain and other symptoms began
oDetails about other medical problems
oLocation of the pain, stiffness or other symptoms
oHow symptoms affect the daily activates
oList of current medications
oFamily history with osteoarthritis

19. 2- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
During the examination the doctor will test the
o look for areas that are tender, swollen, as well as signs and
symptoms of knee damage
o Range of motion of the knee
oLook for the arrangement and alignment of the knee, neck,
and spine

20. 3- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Last step in the knee joint osteoarthritis diagnosis is the diagnostic
tests
Blood test isn’t helpful in this case. However, there are some
diagnostic tests that can help
o joint aspiration
oX-ray
oMRI

21. Joint aspersion
Take a sample of the joint fluid either to relive swelling, or
to analyze joint fluid

22. X-ray
It shows any damage
or other changes
related to
osteoarthritis to
conform the diagnosis

23. MRI
NORMAL ABNORMAL

24. Any questions ?

25. Thank you for your attention