The document discusses the OSI reference model and its seven layers. It provides an overview of the functions of each layer, including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layers. It describes how data is encapsulated as it passes through each layer from an application on one host to an application on another host.

1. OSI Reference Model Presented by Muktianto

2. OSI Layer Overview

4. Layer Functions Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Network processes to applications Data representation Inter host communication End-to-end connections Addresses and best path Access to media Binary transmission

5. Peer-to-Peer Communication Physical Data Link Network Transport Session Presentation Application Physical Data Link Network Transport Session Presentation Application segment packet frame bit

6. Data Encapsulation Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Host A Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Host B Data Network Header Data Frame Frame Header Trailer Network Header Data 010010011010101

7. Upper Layer Overview

8. Application Layer Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Design/Manufacturing Project Planning Others Browser Filezila Ms. Outlook Computer Application Electronic Mail File Transfer Remote Access Client/Server Process Network Management Others Network Application Electronic Data Interchange World Wide Web E-Mail Gateways Special-Interest Bulletin Boards Financial Transaction Services Internet Navigation Utilities Conferencing (Video, Voice, Data) Others Internetwork Apps Internetwork application can extend beyond the enterprise

10. Session Layer Network File System (NFS) Structured Query Language (SQL) Remote-Procedure Call (RPC) X Window System AppleTalk Session Protocol (ASP) DNA Session Control Protocol (SCP) Service Request Service Reply Coordinates applications as they interact on different hosts

11. Transport Layer Overview

13. Segment Upper-Layer Applications Application Presentation Session Transport segments share traffic stream Transport Application port Data Application port Data Application port Data Electronic Mail File Transfer Terminal Session

14. Establishes Connection SENDER RECEIVER Synchronize Negotiate Connection Synchronize Acknowledge Connection Established Negotiate Connection (Send Segments)

16. Reliability with Windowing Send 1 Window size = 1 SENDER RECEIVER Send 2 Send 3 Recv 1 Ack 2 Recv 2 Ack 3 Send 1 Window size = 3 SENDER RECEIVER Send 2 Send 3 Recv 1 Recv 2 Recv 3 Ack 4 Send 4

17. Network Layer Overview

18. Network Layer: Path Determination Layer 3 functions to find the best path through the internetwork Which Path?

19. Network Layer: Communicate Path Addresses represent the path of media connections 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

22. Network-Layer Protocol Operations X Y A B C Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical X Network Data Link Physical Network Data Link Physical Network Data Link Physical Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Y A B C Each router provides its services to support upper-layer functions

23. Physical and Data Link Overview

24. Physical and Data-Link Types Data Link (frames) Physical (bits, signals, clocking) E t h e r n e t 802.2 LLC 8 0 2 . 3 8 0 2 . 5 F D D I Dial on Demand SDLC HDLC X.25 Frame Relay ISDN PPP V.24 EIA/TIA-232 G.703 V.35 EIA/TIA-449 EIA-530 HSSI LAN WAN Separate physical and data link layers for LAN and WAN

26. Physical and Logical Addressing 0000.0c12.3456

27. MAC Address Vendor Code Serial Number 0000.0c12.3456 ROM RAM MAC address is burned into ROM on a network interface card 24 bits 24 bits

29. WAN Technology Overview SDLC HDLC LAPB PPP X.25 Frame Relay ISDN

32. End Of Session