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Fracture clavicle
Fractures of the clavicle are common injuries, accounting for 2.6-4% of all fractures. In adults, clavicle fractures can be more problematic than in children. Displaced mid-shaft fractures, lateral-third fractures with coracoclavicular ligament disruption, and medial-third fractures threatening mediastinal structures often require surgical fixation, while minimally displaced fractures are usually treated non-operatively with slings or immobilization. Surgical techniques include plating, intramedullary fixation, coracoclavicular screws/plates, and hook plates. Complications can include non/malunion, shoulder stiffness, and for medial fractures, mediastinal injuries from implant migration
Posttraumatic spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality
This document discusses posttraumatic spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA). It defines SCIWORA as traumatic spinal cord injury seen on clinical examination without evidence of vertebral fractures or dislocations on initial radiographs and CT scans. The document covers the history and definition of SCIWORA, proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic evaluation including clinical findings, imaging and the predominance of SCIWORA in the pediatric cervical spine. Common causes of injury in SCIWORA patients and the range of neurological deficits seen are also summarized.
Openfracture
This document discusses the principles of operative fracture management for open fractures. It defines open fracture classifications according to the Gustilo system and outlines approaches for emergency assessment, wound excision and debridement, antibiotic therapy, wound management, soft tissue coverage, fracture stabilization, and rehabilitation. The key goals are to prevent infection, promote soft tissue and bone healing without complications, and restore function of the injured extremity.
Pelvic fracture classification
Tile classification system categorizes pelvic fractures into three main types (A, B, C) based on the integrity of the posterior pelvic ring and stability. Type A fractures have an intact posterior ring and are stable. Type B fractures have a partially disrupted posterior ring and are rotationally unstable but vertically stable. Type C fractures have a completely disrupted posterior ring and are both rotationally and vertically unstable. The Young-Burgess classification system categorizes fractures based on the direction of forces (lateral compression, anteroposterior compression, vertical shear, combined mechanisms) and predicts prognosis and treatment. Both systems have moderate to substantial inter-observer reliability, with the Young-Burgess system potentially being more reproducible for learning
Dynamic hip screw
This document discusses the dynamic hip screw (DHS), used to treat intertrochanteric hip fractures. The DHS provides controlled collapse and dynamic action to reduce complications like screw cut-out. Key steps of the procedure include closed reduction of the fracture, guide pin and plate insertion at 135 degrees, and measuring screw length. Factors like tip-apex distance and screw position are important to prevent complications. The DHS works by creating compression as the lag screw collapses into the barrel post-operatively.
Superior Shoulder Suspensory Complex injuries (SSSC)
This document discusses zonal CME conducted at GSLMC on the superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC). It defines the SSSC as a bony and soft tissue ring structure that maintains the stable relationship between the scapula and axial skeleton. Injuries to two structures in the SSSC can cause instability known as the "floating shoulder". Treatment depends on the amount of displacement, with conservative management used for displacements under 5mm and no caudal displacement of the glenoid. Surgical stabilization is recommended for larger displacements or malalignment.
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis vamshi kiran feb 6/2013
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a slippage of the femoral epiphysis that occurs most commonly in obese adolescent boys and girls during periods of growth. It can be acute, chronic, or acute on chronic with varying degrees of displacement. Diagnosis involves clinical suspicion and radiographic findings. Treatment depends on severity and chronicity but may include pinning, open reduction, bone peg epiphysiodesis, or osteotomy to prevent complications like avascular necrosis and osteoarthritis.
Recommended
DHS vs PFNA for Intertrochanteric fractures - Dr Chintan N Patel
DHS (dynamic hip screw) vs PFNA (proximal femoral nail antirotation) for Intertrochanteric fractures comparision - Dr Chintan N Patel
Fracture clavicle
Fractures of the clavicle are common injuries, accounting for 2.6-4% of all fractures. In adults, clavicle fractures can be more problematic than in children. Displaced mid-shaft fractures, lateral-third fractures with coracoclavicular ligament disruption, and medial-third fractures threatening mediastinal structures often require surgical fixation, while minimally displaced fractures are usually treated non-operatively with slings or immobilization. Surgical techniques include plating, intramedullary fixation, coracoclavicular screws/plates, and hook plates. Complications can include non/malunion, shoulder stiffness, and for medial fractures, mediastinal injuries from implant migration
Posttraumatic spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality
This document discusses posttraumatic spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA). It defines SCIWORA as traumatic spinal cord injury seen on clinical examination without evidence of vertebral fractures or dislocations on initial radiographs and CT scans. The document covers the history and definition of SCIWORA, proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic evaluation including clinical findings, imaging and the predominance of SCIWORA in the pediatric cervical spine. Common causes of injury in SCIWORA patients and the range of neurological deficits seen are also summarized.
Openfracture
This document discusses the principles of operative fracture management for open fractures. It defines open fracture classifications according to the Gustilo system and outlines approaches for emergency assessment, wound excision and debridement, antibiotic therapy, wound management, soft tissue coverage, fracture stabilization, and rehabilitation. The key goals are to prevent infection, promote soft tissue and bone healing without complications, and restore function of the injured extremity.
Pelvic fracture classification
Tile classification system categorizes pelvic fractures into three main types (A, B, C) based on the integrity of the posterior pelvic ring and stability. Type A fractures have an intact posterior ring and are stable. Type B fractures have a partially disrupted posterior ring and are rotationally unstable but vertically stable. Type C fractures have a completely disrupted posterior ring and are both rotationally and vertically unstable. The Young-Burgess classification system categorizes fractures based on the direction of forces (lateral compression, anteroposterior compression, vertical shear, combined mechanisms) and predicts prognosis and treatment. Both systems have moderate to substantial inter-observer reliability, with the Young-Burgess system potentially being more reproducible for learning
Dynamic hip screw
This document discusses the dynamic hip screw (DHS), used to treat intertrochanteric hip fractures. The DHS provides controlled collapse and dynamic action to reduce complications like screw cut-out. Key steps of the procedure include closed reduction of the fracture, guide pin and plate insertion at 135 degrees, and measuring screw length. Factors like tip-apex distance and screw position are important to prevent complications. The DHS works by creating compression as the lag screw collapses into the barrel post-operatively.
Superior Shoulder Suspensory Complex injuries (SSSC)
This document discusses zonal CME conducted at GSLMC on the superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC). It defines the SSSC as a bony and soft tissue ring structure that maintains the stable relationship between the scapula and axial skeleton. Injuries to two structures in the SSSC can cause instability known as the "floating shoulder". Treatment depends on the amount of displacement, with conservative management used for displacements under 5mm and no caudal displacement of the glenoid. Surgical stabilization is recommended for larger displacements or malalignment.
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis vamshi kiran feb 6/2013
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a slippage of the femoral epiphysis that occurs most commonly in obese adolescent boys and girls during periods of growth. It can be acute, chronic, or acute on chronic with varying degrees of displacement. Diagnosis involves clinical suspicion and radiographic findings. Treatment depends on severity and chronicity but may include pinning, open reduction, bone peg epiphysiodesis, or osteotomy to prevent complications like avascular necrosis and osteoarthritis.
Mangled extremity
The document discusses the management of mangled extremities. It covers components of mangled injuries including soft tissue loss, fractures, vascular and nerve injuries. It discusses the assessment, decision to amputate or attempt salvage, and principles of amputation and limb salvage. Key factors in the decision include the extent of soft tissue damage, viability of nerves and blood vessels, amount of bone loss and potential for functional recovery. Serial debridement, skeletal stabilization, wound management and soft tissue coverage are also addressed.
Proximal fibular osteotomy
This document summarizes a study on using proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO) to treat medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. PFO is presented as a simpler, less expensive alternative to procedures like high tibial osteotomy (HTO). The study included one patient who underwent PFO and was followed for 6 months, showing decreased pain scores and improved knee joint space. While PFO provided good short-term outcomes, more research is needed to establish its role compared to procedures like HTO and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. PFO may be particularly suitable for resource-limited settings due to its low cost and technical simplicity.
Scaphoid fracture
This document discusses the treatment of scaphoid fractures. It notes that scaphoid fractures are the most common fractures of the wrist. For undisplaced scaphoid waist fractures, non-operative treatment with casting for up to 12 weeks is usually recommended. Percutaneous screw fixation allows for earlier mobilization and return to work compared to casting and has similar union rates, though casting remains a valid treatment option. For the presented 31-year old male patient with an undisplaced scaphoid waist fracture history of wrist injury, the document recommends either non-operative treatment with casting or percutaneous screw fixation as options.
Compartment syndrome
This document provides an overview of compartment syndrome, including:
- It defines compartment syndrome as elevated pressure within a closed osteofascial compartment compromising microcirculation.
- The most common causes are tibial fractures and soft tissue injuries.
- Clinical diagnosis is based on history, exam findings like pain out of proportion, and potentially measuring compartment pressure.
- Treatment is urgent fasciotomy within 6 hours for decompression if pressure is over 30mmHg.
- Goals after fasciotomy are wound care, rehabilitation, and skin grafting to prevent complications like infection, contractures, and nerve damage.
Compartment syndrome
This document discusses compartment syndrome, beginning with a definition and classification. It then covers the history of compartment syndrome, notable contributors, and key events in understanding the condition. Etiology, incidence rates, effects of patient positioning, traction, and intramedullary nailing are examined. The pathophysiology and timeline of tissue damage are described. Diagnosis is discussed, highlighting indicators such as pain, tense compartments, pressure measurements, and laboratory tests. Clinical parameters like pain, paresthesia, paralysis and pallor are also outlined. The document emphasizes that pain, especially with passive stretching, is the most important sign and should not be waited on before intervention.
Tips, tricks and pitfalls of proximal femoral nailing (PFN)
1. Proximal femoral nailing (PFN) requires thorough pre-operative planning including imaging and assessment of fracture pattern and patient comorbidities.
2. It is important to reduce the fracture before making the entry point, as the entry point will determine surgical success.
3. Factors such as varus reduction, medializing the shaft, high tip-apex distance, and penetration of the femoral head can lead to poor outcomes like nonunion.
radiographic analysis of bone tumors
Plain radiographs are important for evaluating bone tumors. Key questions to ask include: where is the lesion located, how large is it, what is it doing to the bone and how is the bone responding. The type of matrix produced, cortical erosion and presence of soft tissue masses provide clues about the lesion's biological potential - whether it is benign, latent/active/aggressive, or malignant. Answers to these questions along with clinical assessment allow classification of tumors and development of a differential diagnosis.
Scaphoid fracture and nonunion
acute scaphoid fractures, anatomy of scaphoid, classification,management of scaphoid fractures and nonunion scaphoid
Acetabulum fractures
This document provides an overview of acetabular fractures including:
- Anatomy of the acetabulum and its components
- Mechanisms and classifications of acetabular fractures
- Evaluation through radiographs and CT scans
- Management considerations including operative vs non-operative treatment and various surgical approaches
- Specifics on fracture types, indications for surgery, timing of surgery, and surgical approaches for different fractures
The document contains detailed information on evaluating and treating acetabular fractures.
Subtrochanteric fracture
The document discusses classifications and treatment approaches for subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. It describes Fielding and Seinsheimer classifications which categorize fractures based on their location and number of fragments. Temporary options include a Thomas splint for unstable patients. Surgical treatments involve plates, intramedullary nails, or external fixators. Precise surgical approaches depend on the fracture location and stability. Potential complications are also noted.
Scaphoid fracture and hcs
This document discusses scaphoid fractures, including the anatomy and blood supply of the scaphoid bone, mechanisms and epidemiology of scaphoid fractures, methods of diagnosis including x-rays, CT scans and MRI, classification systems, nonunion risks, and management approaches including casting, percutaneous screw fixation, and plate fixation. It focuses on the role of headless compression screw fixation for acute scaphoid fractures and its advantages over casting for earlier return to function and lower nonunion rates. Complications of screw fixation and salvage options for failed screw fixation using a scaphoid plate are also reviewed.
Plating principles in Orthopaedics
conventional plates including different functions of screws, modes of plate application, Compression Mode.
Neutralization Mode.
Buttress plate.
Antiglide plate.
Bridge plating or span plating.
Tension band.
prebending precountouring
working length
lag screw
AO principles
biological fixation
MIPO
Physeal injuries
A broad overview of injuries to the physis. It would be of particular interest/use to trainee Orthopaedic surgeons.
Mangled extremity and its Management
The document discusses mangled extremity injuries, which involve severe soft tissue, bone, vascular and nerve injuries to an extremity. It describes various scoring systems used to evaluate factors like ischemia time, bone/soft tissue damage, and patient characteristics to determine likelihood of successful limb salvage versus requiring amputation. The initial management of a mangled extremity involves stabilization, debridement of non-viable tissue, and restoration of vascular flow. Further treatments may include skeletal stabilization, soft tissue coverage using flaps/grafts, nerve repair, and hyperbaric oxygen to aid healing. Scoring systems guide but do not determine the decision between salvage and amputation.
Pilon fractures
1) Pilon fractures involve injuries to the distal tibial articular surface and were first described in 1911.
2) They account for 5-7% of tibial fractures and result from high-energy impacts.
3) Treatment is challenging due to articular comminution, bone loss, and soft tissue injury. Surgical management aims to reconstruct the articular surface and metaphysis while treating soft tissues.
Prosthesis selection
The document discusses different types of knee prostheses from least to most constrained, including cruciate-retaining, posterior-stabilized, constrained non-hinged, and constrained hinged designs. It covers indications, advantages, disadvantages, and key design aspects such as femoral rollback and radiographic appearance for each type. Mobile bearing and all-polyethylene designs are also briefly discussed.
Intercondylar fracture of humerus
The document discusses intercondylar fractures of the humerus, which occur when the olecranon is driven into the distal humerus during a fall, splitting the two humeral condyles apart. It affects mostly adult females and elderly males. The lower end of the humerus has the trochlea, capitulum, and two epicondyles. Evaluation, classification, treatment, outcomes, and complications of intercondylar fractures are covered.
Distal Humerus Fractures.pptx
This document discusses the challenges and solutions in the management of distal humerus fractures. Some key points:
- Distal humerus fractures are challenging due to metaphyseal comminution and the complex anatomy of the elbow joint.
- Surgical approaches such as the triceps-sparing and olecranon osteotomy approaches each have benefits and limitations.
- Parallel plate fixation has been shown to provide better stability than orthogonal plating, though both can achieve good outcomes.
- Techniques like ulnar nerve transposition and closed arch plate fixation aim to maximize stability while minimizing complications.
- Total elbow arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty may be considered for unreconstructable fractures
Patella dislocation by DR.NAVEEN RATHOR
The document provides information on patellar dislocation, including:
- Anatomy of the patella and patellofemoral joint.
- Causes of patellar instability including anatomical abnormalities, trochlear dysplasia, and injury mechanisms.
- Evaluation of patients with patellar instability focusing on the integrity of the medial patellofemoral ligament and examining for patella alta.
- Imaging techniques used to assess patellar instability including x-rays, MRI, and CT which evaluate trochlear morphology, patellar height, and tracking.
High tibial osteotomy
High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a surgical procedure that involves correcting angular deformities of the tibia. It has been used to treat conditions like osteoarthritis, osteochondritis dissecans, and malalignment. There are several techniques for HTO including lateral closing wedge osteotomy, medial opening wedge osteotomy, and dome osteotomy. HTO can help relieve pain from unicompartmental osteoarthritis and delay the need for knee replacement in young, active patients. Potential complications include fracture, nonunion, nerve palsy, and issues that can make later knee replacement more difficult. Precise surgical planning and fixation are important for achieving good outcomes from HTO.
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Mangled extremity
The document discusses the management of mangled extremities. It covers components of mangled injuries including soft tissue loss, fractures, vascular and nerve injuries. It discusses the assessment, decision to amputate or attempt salvage, and principles of amputation and limb salvage. Key factors in the decision include the extent of soft tissue damage, viability of nerves and blood vessels, amount of bone loss and potential for functional recovery. Serial debridement, skeletal stabilization, wound management and soft tissue coverage are also addressed.
Proximal fibular osteotomy
This document summarizes a study on using proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO) to treat medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. PFO is presented as a simpler, less expensive alternative to procedures like high tibial osteotomy (HTO). The study included one patient who underwent PFO and was followed for 6 months, showing decreased pain scores and improved knee joint space. While PFO provided good short-term outcomes, more research is needed to establish its role compared to procedures like HTO and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. PFO may be particularly suitable for resource-limited settings due to its low cost and technical simplicity.
Scaphoid fracture
This document discusses the treatment of scaphoid fractures. It notes that scaphoid fractures are the most common fractures of the wrist. For undisplaced scaphoid waist fractures, non-operative treatment with casting for up to 12 weeks is usually recommended. Percutaneous screw fixation allows for earlier mobilization and return to work compared to casting and has similar union rates, though casting remains a valid treatment option. For the presented 31-year old male patient with an undisplaced scaphoid waist fracture history of wrist injury, the document recommends either non-operative treatment with casting or percutaneous screw fixation as options.
Compartment syndrome
This document provides an overview of compartment syndrome, including:
- It defines compartment syndrome as elevated pressure within a closed osteofascial compartment compromising microcirculation.
- The most common causes are tibial fractures and soft tissue injuries.
- Clinical diagnosis is based on history, exam findings like pain out of proportion, and potentially measuring compartment pressure.
- Treatment is urgent fasciotomy within 6 hours for decompression if pressure is over 30mmHg.
- Goals after fasciotomy are wound care, rehabilitation, and skin grafting to prevent complications like infection, contractures, and nerve damage.
Compartment syndrome
This document discusses compartment syndrome, beginning with a definition and classification. It then covers the history of compartment syndrome, notable contributors, and key events in understanding the condition. Etiology, incidence rates, effects of patient positioning, traction, and intramedullary nailing are examined. The pathophysiology and timeline of tissue damage are described. Diagnosis is discussed, highlighting indicators such as pain, tense compartments, pressure measurements, and laboratory tests. Clinical parameters like pain, paresthesia, paralysis and pallor are also outlined. The document emphasizes that pain, especially with passive stretching, is the most important sign and should not be waited on before intervention.
Tips, tricks and pitfalls of proximal femoral nailing (PFN)
1. Proximal femoral nailing (PFN) requires thorough pre-operative planning including imaging and assessment of fracture pattern and patient comorbidities.
2. It is important to reduce the fracture before making the entry point, as the entry point will determine surgical success.
3. Factors such as varus reduction, medializing the shaft, high tip-apex distance, and penetration of the femoral head can lead to poor outcomes like nonunion.
radiographic analysis of bone tumors
Plain radiographs are important for evaluating bone tumors. Key questions to ask include: where is the lesion located, how large is it, what is it doing to the bone and how is the bone responding. The type of matrix produced, cortical erosion and presence of soft tissue masses provide clues about the lesion's biological potential - whether it is benign, latent/active/aggressive, or malignant. Answers to these questions along with clinical assessment allow classification of tumors and development of a differential diagnosis.
Scaphoid fracture and nonunion
acute scaphoid fractures, anatomy of scaphoid, classification,management of scaphoid fractures and nonunion scaphoid
Acetabulum fractures
This document provides an overview of acetabular fractures including:
- Anatomy of the acetabulum and its components
- Mechanisms and classifications of acetabular fractures
- Evaluation through radiographs and CT scans
- Management considerations including operative vs non-operative treatment and various surgical approaches
- Specifics on fracture types, indications for surgery, timing of surgery, and surgical approaches for different fractures
The document contains detailed information on evaluating and treating acetabular fractures.
Subtrochanteric fracture
The document discusses classifications and treatment approaches for subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. It describes Fielding and Seinsheimer classifications which categorize fractures based on their location and number of fragments. Temporary options include a Thomas splint for unstable patients. Surgical treatments involve plates, intramedullary nails, or external fixators. Precise surgical approaches depend on the fracture location and stability. Potential complications are also noted.
Scaphoid fracture and hcs
This document discusses scaphoid fractures, including the anatomy and blood supply of the scaphoid bone, mechanisms and epidemiology of scaphoid fractures, methods of diagnosis including x-rays, CT scans and MRI, classification systems, nonunion risks, and management approaches including casting, percutaneous screw fixation, and plate fixation. It focuses on the role of headless compression screw fixation for acute scaphoid fractures and its advantages over casting for earlier return to function and lower nonunion rates. Complications of screw fixation and salvage options for failed screw fixation using a scaphoid plate are also reviewed.
Plating principles in Orthopaedics
conventional plates including different functions of screws, modes of plate application, Compression Mode.
Neutralization Mode.
Buttress plate.
Antiglide plate.
Bridge plating or span plating.
Tension band.
prebending precountouring
working length
lag screw
AO principles
biological fixation
MIPO
Physeal injuries
A broad overview of injuries to the physis. It would be of particular interest/use to trainee Orthopaedic surgeons.
Mangled extremity and its Management
The document discusses mangled extremity injuries, which involve severe soft tissue, bone, vascular and nerve injuries to an extremity. It describes various scoring systems used to evaluate factors like ischemia time, bone/soft tissue damage, and patient characteristics to determine likelihood of successful limb salvage versus requiring amputation. The initial management of a mangled extremity involves stabilization, debridement of non-viable tissue, and restoration of vascular flow. Further treatments may include skeletal stabilization, soft tissue coverage using flaps/grafts, nerve repair, and hyperbaric oxygen to aid healing. Scoring systems guide but do not determine the decision between salvage and amputation.
Pilon fractures
1) Pilon fractures involve injuries to the distal tibial articular surface and were first described in 1911.
2) They account for 5-7% of tibial fractures and result from high-energy impacts.
3) Treatment is challenging due to articular comminution, bone loss, and soft tissue injury. Surgical management aims to reconstruct the articular surface and metaphysis while treating soft tissues.
Prosthesis selection
The document discusses different types of knee prostheses from least to most constrained, including cruciate-retaining, posterior-stabilized, constrained non-hinged, and constrained hinged designs. It covers indications, advantages, disadvantages, and key design aspects such as femoral rollback and radiographic appearance for each type. Mobile bearing and all-polyethylene designs are also briefly discussed.
Intercondylar fracture of humerus
The document discusses intercondylar fractures of the humerus, which occur when the olecranon is driven into the distal humerus during a fall, splitting the two humeral condyles apart. It affects mostly adult females and elderly males. The lower end of the humerus has the trochlea, capitulum, and two epicondyles. Evaluation, classification, treatment, outcomes, and complications of intercondylar fractures are covered.
Distal Humerus Fractures.pptx
This document discusses the challenges and solutions in the management of distal humerus fractures. Some key points:
- Distal humerus fractures are challenging due to metaphyseal comminution and the complex anatomy of the elbow joint.
- Surgical approaches such as the triceps-sparing and olecranon osteotomy approaches each have benefits and limitations.
- Parallel plate fixation has been shown to provide better stability than orthogonal plating, though both can achieve good outcomes.
- Techniques like ulnar nerve transposition and closed arch plate fixation aim to maximize stability while minimizing complications.
- Total elbow arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty may be considered for unreconstructable fractures
Patella dislocation by DR.NAVEEN RATHOR
The document provides information on patellar dislocation, including:
- Anatomy of the patella and patellofemoral joint.
- Causes of patellar instability including anatomical abnormalities, trochlear dysplasia, and injury mechanisms.
- Evaluation of patients with patellar instability focusing on the integrity of the medial patellofemoral ligament and examining for patella alta.
- Imaging techniques used to assess patellar instability including x-rays, MRI, and CT which evaluate trochlear morphology, patellar height, and tracking.
High tibial osteotomy
High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a surgical procedure that involves correcting angular deformities of the tibia. It has been used to treat conditions like osteoarthritis, osteochondritis dissecans, and malalignment. There are several techniques for HTO including lateral closing wedge osteotomy, medial opening wedge osteotomy, and dome osteotomy. HTO can help relieve pain from unicompartmental osteoarthritis and delay the need for knee replacement in young, active patients. Potential complications include fracture, nonunion, nerve palsy, and issues that can make later knee replacement more difficult. Precise surgical planning and fixation are important for achieving good outcomes from HTO.
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من خلال البرمجة، يمكن للأطفال تحويل أفكارهم إلى واقع ملموس. سواء كان ذلك بإنشاء لعبة، أو تطوير تطبيق، أو تصميم موقع ويب، يتيح لهم البرمجة التعبير عن إبداعهم بشكل فريد. هذا يحفز الأطفال على التفكير خارج الصندوق وتطوير حلول مبتكرة للتحديات التي يواجهونها.
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فهم أفضل للتكنولوجيا
تعلم البرمجة يساعد الأطفال على فهم كيفية عمل التكنولوجيا من حولهم. بدلاً من أن يكونوا مجرد مستخدمين للتكنولوجيا، يصبحون قادرين على تحليلها وفهم الأساسيات التي تقوم عليها. هذا الفهم العميق يمنحهم القدرة على التفاعل مع التكنولوجيا بطرق أكثر فعالية وكفاءة.
تعليم البرمجة للأطفال في العصر الرقمي ليس رفاهية، بل ضرورة لتأهيلهم لمستقبل مشرق. من خلال تطوير مهارات التفكير المنطقي، الإبداع، والتواصل، يتم إعداد الأطفال ليكونوا مبتكرين وقادة في العالم الرقمي المتطور. البرمجة تفتح لهم أبوابًا واسعة من الفرص والتحديات التي يمكنهم تجاوزها بمهاراتهم ومعرفتهم المتقدمة.
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orthopedic xray .ppt
- 1. Bone fractures DR. Hatem Elgohary [email_address]
- 119. OSTEOMYELITIS
- 127. اذا اردت شيئا بقوة فاطلق سراحه فان عاد اليك فهو لك الى الابد و ان لم يعد فانه لم يكن لك من البداية
- 133. ان افضل الاصدقاء هو من تستطيع ان تجلس معه و لا تتفوه بكلمة واحدة لكن عندما تبتعد تدرك بانها افضل محادثة قد قمت بها على الاطلاق
- 140. كل الأمور على مايرام في النهاية ، إن لم تكن كذلك ، فتلك ليست النهاية
- 149. الأصدقاء الحقيقيون كالنجوم ، لا تراها دوما ؛ لكنك تعلم أنها موجودة في السماء
- 169. سبحان الله وبحمده سبحان الله العظيم
- 179. دائما ضع نفسك في مكان الاخرين و اذا شعرت بان الامر يجرحك فانه حتما سيجرح هم
- 185. اننا لا ندرك ما لدينا الا بعد ان نخسره و لكن نا ايضا لا نعرف كم اشتقنا له الا بعد ان يعود الينا