This document discusses the role that senses other than vision play in orientation and mobility for visually impaired individuals. It outlines how hearing, touch, smell, and kinesthetic senses can provide clues about one's surroundings. For hearing, it describes abilities like sound alignment, discrimination, localization, and identification. For touch, it discusses tactile discrimination, identification, and analysis. It also explains how the sense of smell and kinesthetic awareness around movement and body position can offer orientation information. The goal is to train visually impaired persons to develop and understand their other sensory inputs.

1. ROLE OF OTHER SENSE IN
ORIENTATION AND
MOBILITY
BY:
POOVEITHA. K,
19USDV009.

2. SENSE :
• A specialized function or
mechanism (such as sight,
hearing, smell, taste, or touch)
by which an animal and human,
receives and responds to
external or internal stimuli

3. SENSE OF HEARING
• Everyday sounds can provide many clues about your
surroundings.
• The sense of hearing provides the greatest compensation for the
loss of vision.
• It is important to train the person to have a perception sense of
hearing.

4. AUDITORY
• Sound Alignment
• Sound discrimination
• Sound localization
• Sound identification

5. SOUND ALIGNMENT
• The ability to determine
moving sounds, where it is
going and how fast it is
moving.

6. SOUND DISCRIMINATION
• The ability to select from
among the many sounds in the
environment, the one sound
which will useful for mobility

7. SOUND LOCALIZATION
• Specific place where the
sound is coming from

8. SOUND IDENTIFICATION
• To given name to something
that is making the sound.

9. SENSE OF TOUCH
• Like the sense of hearing, the sense of touch also need to be
developed.
• You have to train the visually impaired person to understand the
textures of various objects.

10. TOUCH AWARENESS
• Tactile discrimination
• Tactile identification
• Tactile Analysis

11. TACTILE DISCRIMINATION
• Using the sense of touch to
identify difference in the
tactile surface

12. TACTILE IDENTIFICATION
• Using touch to identify the
objects

13. TACTILE ANALYSIS
• The small tasks are presented
to the blind person in
sequence , one at a time and
they form a series of steps
through which he can
accomplish the task.

15. KINESTHETIC SENSE
• Knowledge of the movement and position of the body
• for example when you bend, reach for a door handle, walk, or
turn around.

16. KINESTHETIC AWARENESS
• Direction and degree of turn
• Perception of Slop and tilt
• Measurements and distance
• Veering

17. DIRECTION AND DEGREE OF TURN

18. PERSEPTION OF SLOPE AND TILT

19. MEASUREMENT AND DISTANCE

20. VEERING

21. SENSE OF SMELL
• The sense of smell is also help in providing orientation to the
person with visual impairment.
• The smell of gutter, the smoke from a chemical factory, the smell
of flower in a garden, the smell from the kitchen are source of
information about their location.

22. SENSE OF TASTE:
• The development of their sense though Important, is not directly
related to orientation and mobility.
• Through this sense, the person with visual impairment Is able to
associate the names of the substance with their taste.
• For example; sweet, sour, salty et...

23. THANK YOU😊