An organizational culture refers to the shared norms, values and beliefs that are accepted and followed by members of an organization. It can be observed through employee relationships and daily activities. An organizational culture creates unity among employees from different backgrounds and increases loyalty to the organization. It also defines the identity of the organization.

1. It is an organized group of
people with a particular
purpose, such as a business or
government department.

12. Job Design
Job design (also referred to as work design or
task design) is the specification of contents,
methods and relationship of jobs in order to
satisfy technological and organizational
requirements as well as the social and personal
requirements of the job holder. It is a process of
defining and structuring of the job. It specify the
contents of job and the methods of doing it.

13. OrganizationalCulture
(CorporateCulture)
OC refers to shared norms, values and beliefs which are duly
accepted and followed by each and every members of an
organization. It is a mean through which the people in an
organization learn and communicate what is expected and
what is unexpected from them. It can be observed through
employees relationship and day to day activities. OC can be
classified into:
1. Power culture
2. Goal culture
3. Task culture
4. Person culture

14. CharacteristicsOfOrganizationalCulture
1. Outcome oriented
2. People oriented
3. Team orientation
4. Innovation and risk
5. Stability
6. Aggressiveness

15. ImportanceOfOrganizational
Culture1. Creates healthy competition
Healthy competition among employees is one of the results of a shared organizational
culture. Employees will strive to perform at their best to earn recognition and appreciation
from their superiors. This in turn increases the quality of their work, which helps the
organization prosper and flourish.
2. Unity
A shared organizational culture helps to unite employees of different demographics. Many
employees within an organization come from different backgrounds, families and traditions
and have their own cultures. Having a shared culture at the workplace gives them a sense
of unity and understanding towards one another, promoting better communication and less
conflict.
3. Loyalty
Organizational culture helps to keep employees motivated and loyal to the management of
the organization. If employees view themselves as part of their organization’s culture, they
are more eager to want to contribute to the entity's success.
4. Identity
An organization’s culture defines its identity. An entity's way of doing business is perceived
by both the individuals who comprise the organization as well as its clients and customers,
and it is determined by its culture.

16. 5. Makes everyone more successful
Strong focus on organizational culture will raise the
level of standard of people working in organization.
6. Creates greater synergy
A strong culture brings people together. When people
have the opportunity to (and are expected to)
communicate and get to know each other better, they
will find new connections. These connections will lead
to new ideas and greater productivity - in other words,
you will be creating synergy.
7. Changes the view of work
Most people have a negative connotation of the word
work. When you create a culture that is attractive,
people's view of "going to work" will change.

17. Methods of Minimizing Non-sampling Errors
• Checking the sampling process
• Preparation of questionnaire
• Pilot survey
• Fix procedures
• Use of competent manpower
• Provide information
• Provide training
• Use of experts
• Checking data processing and analysis