Organizational culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, and behaviors that characterize an organization. An organization's culture is shaped by its history, leaders, and approaches to challenges. The document discusses how organizational culture influences human resource management (HRM) practices like recruitment, training, and performance management. It also notes that some scholars believe culture drives HRM practices, while others believe HRM practices shape organizational culture. Effective HRM involves understanding and aligning practices with an organization's unique culture.