Cross-cultural organizational behavior is the study of how culture relates to behaviors and processes in organizations across cultures. It examines phenomena at the individual, group, and organizational levels and how they interact across cultures. Understanding cultural differences is important for effective cross-cultural communication and management. Hofstede's model of culture identifies factors like power distance, individualism, and uncertainty avoidance that influence organizational culture and employee behaviors differently across cultures. Managing cross-cultural challenges requires understanding different communication styles, cultural values, and effective cross-cultural communication strategies.

1. Organization culture and climate
Cross-cultural Organizational Behaviour
Presented By
By
Jatin Goyal
Harshita Khanna

2. What is culture?
Culture refers to the values, beliefs,
traditions,
followed by group of people these
result in activity and behavior.
Culture determines how we view the
world around us
Culture includes the traditions we
inherit and pass on to the next
generation

3. Institutionalization (Precursor to Culture)
● Creating an unique set of common, shared values which
transcends and redefines the value of founder eg. EDS/Ross Perot,
Sony, Eastman Kodak,J.N Tata etc.
● The Organization assumes a “personality” of its own which is as
distinct as that of individuals.
● Organization creates its own code of accepted conduct and
behaviour.
● It is forerunner to what is now called an organizational culture.

5. Organization Culture
Definition : “ A belief based on common perception by individuals in the
organization, which constitute common, shared values.”
7 Constituents/Element of Organization culture:
● Risk taking by innovation experimentation
● Value for fundamental details
● Emphasis on result -vs- the process.
● Importance to people in the organization
● Focus on team working
● Value driven positive and assertive behaviour
● “Status Quo” Coefficient or stability syndrome

6. Types of Culture
● Culture of the organization can be “seen” or “felt” by the employees.
● Do employees “See” the organization as fair in its dealing or the
stakeholders, dynamic in its working and soon.
● Culture as seen by employees is “descriptive” as distinct from being
judgemental or evaluative.
● Job satisfaction, however as “seen” and “felt“ by the employees is definitely
evaluative in respect of satisfaction or otherwise.

7. Types of Organizational Culture
Often in large Organizations there are several culture :
A ) Dominant and Subculture culture: Comprising of common shared values of
the most of the members of the organization.
● Subcultures : usually develop in different departments or units in different
geographical location.
● Subcultures usually include the dominant culture plus additional shared values
unique to the member of the unit/Department.
Culture and subculture have significant influence in affecting the behaviour of the
members.

8. B) Strong -vs- Weak culture: In strong culture the organization's common shared
values are not only widely shared, but also held with high intensity.
● Strong culture have a high degree of influence on behavior of the members.
● One direct manifestation of strong culture can be reduced employee turnover.
● The culture of organisation is influenced by:
1. Social Environment
2. Mission and Vision Statements
3. Senior Management
4. Ethical Code of Conduct
Types of Organizational Culture

9. ● Within a strong organizational culture the behaviour of employee are more
consistent with the culture norms.
● Therefore, in a sense these norms are substitutes for formal rules and
regulations.
Hence in strong culture there is less need for establishing the formalization
process.
National cultures transcend organizational cultures.
Culture Shape Employee Behaviour

10. 1. Boundary-defining roles: that Differentiates between organization.
2. Organization member are given a sense of identity
3. It helps people in the organization develop a commitment to the organization
which is larger and more noble than simply one’s self interest
4. It provides the implicit “dos” and “don’ts” to the employes which increases
social system stability.
5. It gives meaning to the appropriate behavior by shaping the attributes of the
people.
6. Objective Setting & Work Ethic
7. Motivational Pattern
Ultimately the culture dictates what is appropriate behaviour and common
employee goal - sometimes more powerfully than the declared policies of the
managements.
Function of Of Organisation Culture

11. 1.Barrier to change: It prevents attempts to change entrenched culture
behaviour even when required critically to cope and successfully adapt to
business/social political changes which are necessary for the well being of the.
Organization.
2.Barrier to diversity : Makes for “regimentation” and “cloning” forces people to
conform to its implicit norms of behaviours.
3.Strive for employee -organization fit( even when harmful to the organization) to
perpetuate its norms.
4.sometimes strong culture which are different in two merging organization -
destroy successful change of mergers.
Culture as a Liability

12. ● The organization’s founders play the major role in creating the culture. They impose their vision on
all members.
● Thereafter, they perpetuate and sustain the vision by hiring like minded people and indoctrinating
and socializing them to the “desired” way of thinking and behaving, and acting as their role model.
● The organization’s success in seen as an outcome of the founder’s vision which further reinforces
the culture.
● Thereafter the selection/promotion practices and founder’s behaviour is substituted by the top
management’s behaviour.
Stories, ritual and symbol also act powerful perception of established culture.
Creating and Sustaining culture
Process of Creation of OC
● Establishing Values→ Creating Vision→ Operationalizing values and vision→ Socialisation of
employee
Socialisation Process stages
Pre-arrival→ Encounter→ Metamorphosis → Outcomes(Commitment + Productivity)

13. Culture type by Gaffee and Jones

16. Meaning:
Cross-cultural Organizational Behaviour (OB) is the study of cross-cultural
similarities and differences in processes and behaviour at work and the
dynamics of cross-cultural interfaces in multicultural domestic and
international contexts.

17. It encompasses how culture is related to
micro organizational phenomena (e.g., motives, cognitions, emotions),
meso organizational phenomena (e.g., teams, leadership, negotiation),
macro organizational phenomena (e.g., organizational culture, structure),
and the interrelationships among these levels

18. Example: 1

19. Example- 2
Crossed legs in the United Kingdom are quite acceptable, but are rude in
Saudi Arabia if the sole of the foot is directed toward someone.
Pointing at someone to get their attention may be acceptable in Canada, but in
Asia it is considered inappropriate.

20. Challenges faced by the Organisation in
Cross- Cultural Organisation Behaviour
A common problem is ethnocentrism—the tendency to believe
one’s culture and its values are superior to those of others.
It is often accompanied by an unwillingness to try to understand
alternative points of view and to take the values they represent
seriously. This mindset can easily create communication
problems among people of diverse backgrounds.

21. The difficulties with cross-cultural communication are perhaps most obvious in
respect to language differences.
for example: Advertising messages, may work well in one country but
encounter difficulty when translated into the language of another

22. How to manage these cross-cultural challenges?
● Understanding the Communication style of different cultures.
● Understanding that there will be differences in cultural values.
● Developing effective communication style.
● Avoid becoming frustrated.
● Adopting appropriate measures for the motivation of the employees.
● Understanding how people react & Interact and how to cope with that.

23. Hofstede Model of Culture
Organizational culture refers to the various ideologies, beliefs and
practices of an organization which make it different from others.
The culture of any workplace decides how employees would behave
with each other or with the external parties and also decide their
involvement in productive tasks.
Hofstede also known as Geert Hofstede proposed that national and
regional factors contribute to the culture of the organization and
eventually influence the behavior of employees in the
organization.

24. According to Hofstede there are majorly 5 factors which influence the culture of the workplace.
1. Power Distance.
2. Masculinity vs Femininity.
3. Individualism.
4. Uncertainty Avoidance Index.
5. Long-Term Orientation.

26. Conclusion
In the past Decade the expansion of the organisations in
multiple countries has increased in a great ratio.
● Cultural differences in OB can take various forms. For
example, general principles might hold across cultures,
but the enactment of these principles can vary (e.g.,
equity principles). The magnitude or direction of
relationships can also vary across cultures (e.g.,
participative leadership and performance).

27. ● Additional and/or different dimensions might be needed to understand OB
phenomena in other cultures (e.g., guanxi networks, interpersonal
harmony components of OCBs).
● Cross-cultural research in OB still largely focuses on main effects, yet
there is increasing evidence that situational factors at multiple levels can
reduce, and/or radically change the nature of cultural baseline tendencies.
● Efforts to explain cultural differences are still too narrow and focus almost
exclusively on individualism-collectivism to explain variance in
organizational behavior across cultures.